Determination Of Iodine Research Articles

Protocol for the Determination of Total Iodine in Iodized Table Salts Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Potassium iodate and potassium iodide are commonly fortified in iodized table salt, which must be continuously monitored to maintain quality. Our study reported an optimized detection method for total iodine in iodized table salt using 0.5 M sodium bisulfite as the reducing agent. The iodized table salt (0.5 g) was dissolved in 0.5 M sodium bisulfite solution prior to injection in ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with a diode array detector using a weak anion-exchange column (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm). Iodide was eluted at 9.92 ± 0.06 min (λ = 223 nm) when an isocratic mobile phase of 1:1 (v/v) methanol/120 mM phosphate buffer mixed with tetrasodium pyrophosphate (pH 3.0) was running at 0.20 mL/min (15 min). Iodide was detected as total iodine from 10.0 to 50.0 mg/kg with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 mg/kg and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.7 mg/kg. The method was validated with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.2%, 0.4%, 1.6%, and 0.8% for accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, and robustness, respectively. The determination of total iodine was successful on six (6) samples (n = 3), which recovered 87.2–106.9% of iodate and iodide spike. Thus, this study provides a validated protocol for the determination of total iodine in iodized table salt using 0.5 M sodium bisulfite.

Comparison of external calibration and isotope dilution methods for iodine determination in foods by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

This study sought to validate the external calibration curve (CAL) method for iodine analysis in 26 selected foods and then to compare the test result with the isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). Iodine was extracted by tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and determined by ICP-MS using CAL and IDMS methods. The results showed that iodine determination using the IDMS method had higher precision than the CAL method (LOD of the method were 0.01 and 0.02mg/kg, respectively). However, both methods showed good accuracy and precision for all SRM and the 26 food samples. Test results from both methods had a strong correlation (R2>0.998) and no significant difference between the determination methods, even within test sample sectors based on the distribution in the AOAC food triangle (p>0.970). 129I spiked into the sample before or during alkaline extraction showed no significant difference in the test results (p=0.989).

Mineral profile of cow's milk and plant-based milk alternatives (PBMA).

Some consumers are replacing cow's milk by plant-based milk alternatives (PBMA), however the current knowledge regarding the mineral profile of PBMA is limited. This study aimed to characterize the mineral profile of commercial milk (n = 80) and PBMA types (n = 60; soya, rice, oat, almond, coconut, and hazelnut) by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectroscopy, along with a modification of the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction (iodine determination). A single fixed effect statistical model considering the type of beverage as an independent variable was applied. Soya PBMA presented higher contents of Ca, Mg, Cu, and Mg than commercial milk, and similar contents of K and P. On the other hand, commercial milk had higher contents of S, Zn, and Se, with the latter being below the limit of quantification (10 µg/kg) in all PBMA types. Both almond and hazelnut PBMA displayed I contents like those of commercial milk. In terms of mineral ratios, PBMA types presented a higher Ca/P compared with commercial milk, being aligned with dietary guidelines, while commercial milk and soya PBMA showing lower Na/K values, which are beneficial for cardiovascular health. Due to their variability, it is difficult to say with certainty that PBMA can reliably substitute milk as a source of minerals.

Iodine Accumulation and Distribution in Carrots (Daucus carota L.)

Iodine is a critical trace element necessary for human and animal health owing to its role in thyroid hormone synthesis. Despite its importance, iodine deficiency remains a global health concern. Traditional methods to address this issue, such as salt iodization, face challenges like iodine loss during storage and cooking. The biofortification of plants, particularly carrots, offers a promising alternative. This study investigates iodine accumulation and distribution in carrots biofortified with potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) using single extraction at elevated temperatures with tetramethylammonium hydroxide followed by iodine determination by ICP-MS. Results show that iodine biofortification significantly increases the iodine content of various parts of the carrot, especially the leaves and the root peels. Carrots treated with iodate accumulate 2.7 times more iodine than those treated with iodide. The leaves exhibit the highest iodine content, particularly in iodate-treated plants, where levels can be over 24 times higher than those of control carrots. Root peel and roots also accumulate substantial amounts of iodine, with the iodate treatment resulting in 5.42 mg·kg−1 and 3.75 mg·kg−1 dry weight, respectively. The potential application of biofortified carrots can help meet human dietary iodine requirements; additionally, iodine-rich carrot leaves as livestock feed offer a sustainable approach to increasing the iodine intake in animals.

Establishment and Validation of Sandell-Kolthoff Method for Saliva Iodine Determination.

Saliva iodine is a useful biochemical marker for evaluating iodine status and controlling iodine-related diseases. This study aims to establish and validate a simple, reliable, and low-cost Sandell-Kolthoff (S-K) method for the determination of iodine in saliva. The method was established by considering the digestion solution type, concentration, dosage, digestion time and temperature, the volume of saliva samples, glass tube size, dosage of arsenious acid solution and ammonium ceric sulfate solution, and warm bath time. Then, the effectiveness of the method was examined by the linearity of the standard curve, detection limit, precision, and accuracy. The 1.5mL 1 Mol/L ammonium persulfate solution at 100°C for 90min, the 200 μL saliva sample, glass tubes of 15mm × 120mm, 2.5mL arsenious acid solution, 0.3mL ammonium ceric sulfate solution, and 15min for warm bath was selected to determine saliva iodine. In terms of validation of the S-K method, the linearity method has the linear range of the standard curve from 0 to 300μg/L and the coefficient of determination ≥ 0.999; the detection limit, when the volume of saliva samples was 0.2mL, was 4.6μg/L; for precision, the relative standard deviation was from 0.3 to 2.8%; and for accuracy, the total recovery rate ranged from 92.8 to 107.0%. This S-K method is easy to operate, has good precision and accuracy, and can be used as a method to determine saliva iodine. It has great potential practical value in disease prevention, clinical auxiliary diagnosis, and experimental research.

A selective resonance Rayleigh scattering method for determination of iodine by graphene oxide surface molecularly imprinted polyacrylamide probe

A new graphene oxide nanosurface molecularly imprinted polymer (GO@MIP) probe was synthesized by microwave irradiation, using graphene oxide (GO) as the carrier, iodine as the template molecule, acrylamide as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinking agent, azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, and acetonitrile as the pore forming agent. The nanoprobe recognizes the iodine, and exhibits significant resonance Rayleigh scattering energy transfer (RRS-ET) effect between iodine as the acceptor and the nanoprobe as donor. When iodine concentration was in the linear range of 0.02–0.5 mmol/L, the decreased RRS intensity was linear to the concentration. And it was used for the determination of iodine in water samples and iodate ions in salt samples.

Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste Electrodes: A Look Behind the Scientific-Research Activities of the Electroanalytical Group in Pardubice

In this article, a retrospective view of the research activities of the electroanalytical group at the University in Pardubice (UPCE) is presented, offering a concise overview on the development, continuing work, and significant achievements in electrochemical measurements with carbon paste electrodes (CPEs). At the very beginning, a brief history of the field is provided and the state-of-the-art in a global view outlined. Second, research activities with CPEs and related configurations in the former Czechoslovakia and the succeeding Czech Republic are also summarised and the respective publications cited. The introductory section ends with a historical survey of the activities of the electroanalytical group at the UPCE, characterising the individual time periods with CPEs from the mid-1980s up until now and highlighting the most important achievements and the corresponding publications. The pivotal part of the text then gathers five various examples representing some of the truly key-themes that have made electroanalysis at UPCE well-known and, at the same, distinctive. Namely, overviewed, commented, and illustrated in selected figures are (i) carbon paste mixtures with atypical binders from liquid esters, (ii) extractive pre-concentration onto the carbon paste bulk and determination of iodine, (iii) method for determination of Ag(I) ions at a CPE with extraordinary analytical performance, (iv) carbon pastes as substrates for mercury, gold, bismuth, and antimony films, and (v) recent applications of CPEs prepared from carbonaceous materials of natural origin.

Method development for multielement determination of halogens and sulfur in teas

Abstract Microwave-induced combustion was evaluated as a sample preparation method for several types of tea (black, green, lemon balm, boldo, and mint) for further determination of bromine, chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and sulfur by ion chromatography. Parameters such as the sample mass efficiently decomposed and the most suitable absorbing solution (ultrapure water and 25, 50, 100, and 150 mmol L−1 NH4OH) were evaluated, considering the characteristics of the analytes and the determination technique used. The maximum sample mass possible to be decomposed was 900 mg of milled tea in the form of pellets, and the absorbing solution chosen was 100 mmol L−1 NH4OH, which provided suitable stabilization of the analytes (recoveries between 95 % and 103 %). To assess the accuracy of the proposed method, a certified reference material (BCR 060, aquatic plant) was analyzed. Agreements with the certified values ranged from 101 % to 107 %. The proposed method was used to analyze tea samples and the concentrations ranged from 549 to 2,549 mg kg−1 for chlorine, 223 to 828 mg kg−1 for fluorine, and 786 to 4,023 mg kg−1 for sulfur; bromine and iodine concentrations were below the limits of quantification (42 and 80 mg kg−1, respectively) in all evaluated samples.

Introduction of a spectrophotometric method for salivary iodine determination on microplate based on Sandell-Kolthoff reaction.

Iodine is an essential element for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Therefore, a reliable marker of iodine supply is important. Iodine is predominantly excreted via kidneys, but also via salivary glands. Our aim was to introduce a new and simple method for determination of salivary iodine concentration (SLIC). Self-prepared chemicals and standards for Sandell-Kolthoff reaction on microplate with ammonium peroxydisulfate (AP) in the range 0-400 µg/L were used. Suitability of water-based standards (WBS) and artificial saliva-based standards (ASS) for standard curve were tested. We followed standards for method validation, defined concentration of used AP and compared our results with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). WBS gave more reliable results than ASS as an underestimation of iodine concentration was found for ASS. LoB was 6.5 µg/L, LoD 12.0 µg/L, therefore analytical range was 12-400 µg/L. Intra- and inter-assay imprecisions at iodine concentrations, namely 20, 100, 165, and 350 µg/L were 18.4, 5.1, 5.7, and 2.8%, respectively, and 20.7, 6.7, 5.1, and 4.3%, respectively. Suitable molarity of AP was 1.0 mol/L and showed no difference to 1.5 mol/L (P values for samples with concentration 40, 100, and 150 µg/L, were 0.761, 0.085, and 0.275, respectively), whereas there was a significant change using 0.5 mol/L (P<0.001). Saliva samples could be diluted up to 1:8. There was no interference of thiocyanate and caffeine up to 193.5 mg/L. Our original method was comparable to ICP-MS. Spaerman coefficient was 0.989 (95% CI: 0.984-0.993). The new method for SLIC determination is in excellent agreement with ICP-MS and easy-to-use.

Quantitative analysis of iodine and bromine in soil using an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with three-dimensional polarized optics.

A nondestructive and simple method for the determination of bromine and iodine in soil was investigated using an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer equipped with three-dimensional polarized optics. Using a gadolinium X-ray tube and Mo and Al2O3 as optimal secondary target materials, K-lines were detected for bromine and iodine. The minimum detection limits for bromine and iodine were calculated using JSAC0411, a certified reference material of soil for metal composition analysis, and were 0.77mg/kg for bromine and 2.3mg/kg for iodine at a measurement time of 600s. The results of the determination of bromine and iodine in soil samples by the standard addition method were 256 ± 8mg/kg for iodine and 67.9 ± 1.3mg/kg for bromine with JSAC0411, which were in close agreement with the results measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after alkaline extraction with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution. The method developed in this study is an excellent technique for direct analysis of soil by X-ray fluorescence analysis without any pretreatment such as alkaline extraction. It is expected to be a practical analytical method for elucidating the dynamics of bromine and iodine in agricultural land and soil.

Improvement and Study on the Determination of Iodine in Geochemical Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Improvement and Study on the Determination of Iodine in Geochemical Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Collaborative Study for Iodine Monitoring in Mandatory Direct-Iodized Sauce in Thailand.

Direct iodization in fish sauce, soy sauce, and seasoning sauces plays a crucial role in optimizing the iodine intake of Thailand's people. However, determining the iodine content to ensure that these sauces meet the standard of Thailand's Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is challenging. In this study, all local laboratories equipped with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and with experience in iodine analysis by any analytical method were invited to participate in a hands-on training workshop and two rounds of interlaboratory comparison. The aim was to improve laboratory performance and assess the potential for iodine monitoring for mandatory direct-iodized sauces. All target laboratories participated in this study. The hands-on training workshop harmonized the analytical method and increased the capacity of participating laboratories. Most laboratories (7/8) achieved satisfactory performance for six test samples based on interlaboratory comparison. Samples were extracted by tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), with the presence of 6% 2-propanol, 0.01% triton X-100, internal standard, and iodine determination in direct-iodized sauces by ICP-MS. The reproducibility standard deviation (SL), after the removal of outlier results for iodine content, was 7-22% iodine at a level of 0.03-4.81 mg/L. Moreover, the Thai FDA's judgment range for official control activities should expand the range of 2-3 mg per 1 L (ppm) by at least 22%.

Examining the influence of desalinated water on iodine concentration in tap water in Israel

IntroductionIn Israel, desalinated water is a major source of drinking water. Previous studies have suggested that the levels of iodine in water provided by authorities may not accurately reflect the levels reaching end-users. Materials and MethodsWe analyzed 21 tap water samples collected from different localities across Israel, 13 post-treated desalinated water samples from three of the largest Israeli desalination plants, and several natural water samples. An improved method of ICP-MS developed in our laboratory was used to analyze the content of iodine and other macro-elements, and determination of iodine was performed in alkaline media. ResultsOur results showed that it is possible to distinguish between sample groups based on iodine concentration, water hardness, and Ca/Mg ratio. The median iodine concentrations for four groups of tap water samples ranged from 0.3 to 12.3 µg/L, which is lower than the concentrations previously reported by other researchers in Israel. Based on typical consumption, the water samples can provide no more than 3.39% of the recommended dietary allowance level for iodine. The analysis of post-treated desalinated water samples indicated that these waters comply with industrial specifications but contain only trace concentrations of iodine and much less magnesium than recommended by different public health authorities for public consumption of drinking water. ConclusionThe total iodine concentrations found were lower than several observations reported in previous years in the literature. There are currently no strict regulations regarding iodine and magnesium levels in drinking and/or softened (desalinated) water, but the intensive desalination plant application is already exhibiting a negative impact on public health. Further investigations are needed, but the present study provides useful insights for developing an effective policy to ensure adequate iodine supply for the population of Israel through drinking water.

4-Aminobenzoic acid, 2-phenoxyethanol and iodine used as tracers in a short-term in vivo-kinetics study for tattoo ink ingredients: Mass spectrometry method development and validation

Tattoos have been gaining popularity in recent years, leading to a growing interest in researching tattoo inks and the tattooing process itself. Since the exposure to soluble tattoo ink ingredients has not yet been investigated, we here present the method validation for a short-term biokinetics study on soluble tattoo ink ingredients. The three tracers 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), 2-phenoxyethanol (PEtOH) and iodine will be added to commercially available tattoo inks, which will subsequently be used on healthy study participants. Following the tattooing process, blood and urine will be sampled at specific time points and analysed for these tracers. For this purpose, a method using liquid chromatography separation coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF-MS) in positive and negative ESI mode for the quantification of PABA, PEtOH and selected metabolites and an inductively-coupled plasma (ICP)-MS method for the determination of iodine were developed and validated. For LC-QTOF-MS analysis, the most applicable additives for LC eluents (0.01 % formic acid for positive and 0.005 % acetic acid for negative mode) were identified. Protein precipitation with acetonitrile was chosen for sample preparation. The methods were validated for selectivity, specificity, carryover, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), matrix effects, accuracy and precision, stability under different conditions and dilution integrity according to national and international guidelines with an allowed maximum variation of ±15 %. The LC-QTOF-MS method met the imposed guideline criteria for most parameters, however, some metabolites showed strong matrix effects. Validation of the ICP-MS method revealed that the KED-H2 collision mode is superior to the standard analysis mode due to enhanced method accuracy. The methods were validated for the relevant matrices plasma, urine, tattoo ink and tattoo consumables and proved to be applicable for the main target substances in the short-term biokinetics study. A proof-of-concept study showed successful quantification of iodine and PABA metabolites. The PEtOH metabolite was also quantified, but showed strong matrix effects in urine. Therefore standard addition was selected as an alternative quantification method.

Methods for determining iodine in urine

Iodine deficiency remains a serious threat to public health worldwide, especially in children and pregnant women. Despite the apparent ease of iodine deficiency elimination with the help of a simple and highly effective strategy of compulsory salt iodization, the problem of iodine deficiency and iodine deficiency disorders remains urgent for public health in the Russian Federation. The most effective and informative way to study iodine status at population level is determination of iodine concentration in urine in epidemiological studies. This article presents a review of urinary iodine determination methods, as well as methodological recommendations for iodine determination, developed and adopted in National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology.

Determination of the Elemental Iodine in Human Breast Milk by Inductively Coupled Plasma mass Spectrometry.

Adequate iodine status in lactating women is defined by a maternal median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) ≧ 100µg/L. However, the above-mentioned criterion does not account for the secretion of iodine into breast milk and could not truly reflect the amount of iodine delivered to the infants. Measuring breast milk median iodine concentration (BMIC) is crucial, but the method to measure BMIC has not been developed and validated in Taiwan. We adopted the ammonia dilution method without prior sample digestion to measure BMIC by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Samples and iodate calibrators were prepared into an aqueous solution containing Triton X-100, 0.5% ammonia solution, and tellurium (128Te) as the internal standard. Precision, accuracy, serial dilution, and recovery tests were performed for method validation. The range of intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation for the four human breast milk samples with different iodine concentrations were 3.2-4.7% and 2.3-5.5%, respectively. The standard NIST 1549 milk powder was prepared into three different concentrations of 50µg/L, 100µg/L, and 200µg/L to assess the accuracy; the bias was < 5%. A recovery of 95-105% was achieved for four human breast milk samples spiked with sodium iodide solution. The serial dilution test confirmed linearity up to 0.998. The limit for detection and quantification was 0.78µg/L and 2.34µg/L, respectively. The results of the current study confirmed that this ICP-MS method is accurate and reliable in measuring BMIC.

Determination of bromine, iodine, and other components in northern Hainan island soil

The emergence of the integrated wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive Zetium X-ray fluorescence spectrometer technique offered new chances to analyze elemental distribution with minimal sample preparation in complex matrix geological samples-northern Hainan island soils. Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence was applied for the measurement of bromine in the northern Hainan island soil. To reduce the fluctuations of the low-bromine-content measurement results, a two-channel measurement of bromine was designed, and the average value of the two-channel measurements was used as the final result. The soil samples in northern Hainan Island were rich in iodine, with a content range of a few µg/g to more than 100 µg/g, and these were particularly suitable to be analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The geological samples in northern Hainan Island were brown, purple, and brown-red soil containing kaolinite, ilmenite, rutile, anatase, and goethite. These soil samples were rich in titanium, aluminum, and iron. The titanium concentration in the northern Hainan Island soil was anomalously high (up to 15.05%), far exceeding the content range of the calibration curve. Owing to the empirical coefficient matrix correction method, unreliable or even unreasonable results were obtained for some elements. By systematically mitigating matrix effects through the development of custom reference materials and building matrix-matched measurement and calibration routines, the quantification of Vanadium, Barium, and major components in northern Hainan Island soil samples was optimized. The efficacy of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer method was confirmed by comparison with inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy analysis. This work demonstrates the capability of the integrated wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive Zetium X-ray fluorescence spectrometer technique for reliable quantitative elemental analysis of complex matrix geological samples.

Iodine intake assessment in the staff of a Porto region university (Portugal): the iMC Salt trial

PurposeIodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is an ongoing worldwide recognized problem with over two billion individuals having insufficient iodine intake. School-aged children and pregnant women are often target groups for epidemiological studies, but there is a lack of knowledge on the general adult population. The aim of this study was to assess the iodine status among a Portuguese public university staff as a proxy for the adult working population.MethodsThe population study covered 103 adults within the iMC Salt randomized clinical trial, aged 24–69 years. Urinary iodine concentration was measured spectrophotometrically using the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction. Iodine food intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. The contribution of discretionary salt to the iodine daily intake was assessed through 24-h urinary sodium excretion (UIE) and potentiometric iodine determination of household salt.ResultsThe mean urine volume in 24 h was 1.5 L. The median daily iodine intake estimated from 24-h UIE was 113 µg/day, being lower among women (p < 0.05). Only 22% of participants showed iodine intake above the WHO-recommended cutoff (150 µg/day). The median daily iodine intake estimated from the 24-h dietary recall was 58 µg/day (51 and 68 µg/day in women and men, respectively). Dairy, including yoghurt and milk products, were the primary dietary iodine source (55%). Iodine intake estimated from 24-h UIE and 24-h dietary recall was moderately correlated (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r = 0.34, p < 0.05). The average iodine concentration in household salt was 14 mg I/kg, with 45% of the samples below the minimum threshold preconized by WHO (15 mg I/kg). The contribution of discretionary salt to the daily iodine intake was around 38%.ConclusionThis study contributes new knowledge about iodine status in Portuguese working adults. The results revealed moderate iodine deficiency, particularly in women. Public health strategies and monitoring programs are needed to ensure iodine adequacy in all population groups.

Use of ionic liquids for extraction separation and concentration of iodide ions in brine samples.

Iodine in natural salt waters such as iodine-rich underground brine generally exists as iodide ions, and to extract iodide ions, it is necessary to oxidize them to nonpolar iodine molecules. In this study, we report that iodide ions in natural brine containing high concentrations of chloride ions can be quantitatively extracted without oxidation by extraction using ionic liquids. Extraction with the ionic liquids trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride and trioctyl ammonium chloride was found to be able to enrich trace amounts of iodide in brine samples up to 40- and 100-fold, respectively. The selectivity coefficients for I- over Cl- determined in this study clearly show that the ionic liquids have much higher I-/Cl- selectivity than typical strongly basic anion exchangers. Extraction with trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride was applicable as a preconcentration method for iodine determination by XRF analysis. Iodide ions extracted with trioctyl ammonium chloride were quantitatively stripped with an aqueous alkaline solution. These results indicate that ionic liquid extraction is useful for the separation and concentration of iodide from brines.

Relationship between iodine knowledge and dietary iodine intake in pregnant and lactating women: a cross-sectional study.

This study assessed the iodine knowledge of pregnant and lactating women and the relationship to dietary iodine intake and iodine status. The factors influencing iodine intake were analysed. Basic information and iodine knowledge were collected via a questionnaire. A FFQ assessed dietary iodine intake. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured using the arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometric determination of iodine in urine (WS/T 107 -2016). A cross-sectional study involving pregnant and lactating women in Xinjiang, China was conducted. A total of 1181 pregnant women and 504 lactating women were enrolled in the study. The median UIC for pregnant and lactating women was 179·27 and 192·81 µg/l, respectively, and the dietary iodine intake was 407·16 and 356·89 µg/d, respectively. Of the pregnant and lactating women, 73·4 % and 82·5 % had medium iodine knowledge, respectively. In pregnant women, iodine knowledge and dietary iodine intake were positively correlated. High iodine knowledge and iodine education were shown to be protective factors for excessive iodine intake in pregnant women. This study demonstrated that the iodine nutritional status of women in Xinjiang was appropriate, and iodine knowledge was at a medium level, but there was confusion about iodine nutrition. Public education is needed to improve iodine knowledge and active iodine supplementation awareness among these populations of women.