Determination Of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Research Articles

RANCANGAN PRIMER SPESIFIK GEN MACROPHAGE MANNOSE RECEPTOR (MMR) UNTUK POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) DAN SEKUENSING DEOXYRIBO NUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

The order (sequencing) determinationof DeoxyribonucleicAcid (DNA) bases is the gene's most basic information, using the methodof Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as its stage. A key factor of successful detection by PCR is specific PCR primer design choice. Thedetection of diversity of Mycobacterium Mannose Receptor (MMR) gene, responsible for recognizing mannosylated antigen structureof Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) by DNA sequencing of exon 7 chromosome 10p12, related to susceptiblity for PulmonaryTuberculosis(TB), was first performed in China in 2012. The purpose of this study was to find specific primerfromboth design originatedfrom the research in China/primer I and my own design/primer IIby using Primer3 software. This study was based on 10 healthy subjectsand was a preliminary study of a research titled. The Relationship of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of Macrophage MannoseReceptor Gene to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases. The examination materials consist of 3 mL of EDTA blood and DNA extraction from itsbuffy coat. The resulting DNA was processed by PCR to amplify MMR gene with primer I and II. The primer I successfully amplified DNAfragments up to 780bp while primer II only 329 bp. The MMR gene DNA sequencing analysis was performed on the amplification resultof both kinds primers by using DNA Baser and Ensembl−BLAST software. The results were different, DNA sequencing result by using theprimer I was found in several chromosomes and also in several loci. Whereas, by using the primer II, it was only found in chromosome10 and in the same locus. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the specific primer design is one of the most important factorsin the success of DNA sequencing.

DNA-cytometric characteristics of primary soft tissue sarcomas

Aim. Determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content and cell distribution in mytotic cycle phases in the groups of patients with primary soft tissue sarcomas. 
 Methods. Study material was the tumours of patients with primary soft tissue sarcomas. Study methods included histological, DNA cytometric and statistical methods. 
 Results. Differences in proliferative activity and proliferation index in primary sarcomas depending on the tumor differentiation grade and disease stage were revealed. Differences in the numbers of diploid, aneuploid and polyploid cells depending on the cell cycle phases were determined in each group and between groups. Depending on the differentiation grade of soft tissue sarcoma, parameters of the cell cycle in soft tissue sarcomas were as follows: well-differentiated tumors (G1) were diploid in 100% of cases, and moderately differentiated tumors (G2) were aneuploid in 50% of cases. Poorly differentiated tumors (G3) were characterized by significantly higher content of aneuploid cells, in comparison with G2 tumors (33.1±5.2 and 16.5±6.8, respectively). Analysis of kinetic parameters of cell cycle demonstrated decreased proportion of cells in G1/G0 cell cycle phase from G1 to G3, accompanied by a statistically significant increase of the proportion of cells in S phase (p ˂0.05). 
 Conclusion. DNA cytometric study of cell cycle parameters demonstrated high biological potential of primary soft tissue sarcomas; high malignant potential can probably be determined by two parameters: proportion of the cells in G2+М phase and cell loss factor.

Interaction among Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles, Acridine Orange, and Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Fluorescence Spectra and a Method for Deoxyribonucleic Acid Determination

Some studies on quantum dots (QD) as donors that enhance the fluorescence of a dye as an acceptor through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) have been reported. However, in the present work we discovered that CdS quantum dots sharply quenched the fluorescence of acridine orange (AO). Also, DNA enhanced the fluorescent signals of AO quenched by CdS. The extents of enhancement were in good proportion to the DNA concentrations. Based on this, a sensitive method was employed to determine DNA with both good selectivity and sensitivity. The calibration curve was linear over 60-4,000 ng mL(-1) and the determination limit (3sigma) was 4.39 ng mL(-1).

Effects of melatonin and plane of nutrition on mammary development in prepubertal boutsiko mountain breed ewe lambs

The effects of melatonin (implants, M or no implants, C) and plane of nutrition (high, H or low, L) on mammary development and growth hormone (GH) concentrations were investigated in prepubertal Boutsiko mountain breed ewe lambs. Eighty female lambs were assigned to each of 4 treatments: ad libitum feeding control (HC), HM, LC and LM. The rearing treatments started and ended at mean ages of 63 and 160 d, respectively. Feed restriction resulted in a mean daily gain of 70.6% of the ad libitum-fed lambs during the experimental period. Melatonin (18 mg Regulin) was administered at 68 d of age (January 10) and replaced on March 1. Blood samples were collected from 10 lambs in each treatment group at the end of the experiment for GH measurements. At a mean age of 160 d, seven lambs from each treatment group were slaughtered and the udder was removed. One udder half was trimmed and the parenchyma and fat pad portions were kept for determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content. Melatonin did not influence mammary development parameters, while the mass of parenchyma tended to be greater in lambs on low than high nutrition planes (P<0.10). Mean mammary parenchymal weight and DNA content were 25.1 and 29.2 g and 52.5 and 58.2 mg in high and low nutrition lambs, respectively. Mean plasma GH concentrations were not affected by melatonin treatment and were higher in low than high nutrition lambs (P<0.01). There were no correlations between mean plasma GH concentrations and parenchymal DNA content, or between mean daily weight gain and parenchyma (g), in contrast to those found in a previous experiment with lambs of the same breed but greater age at slaughter. The results suggest that a period of accelerated mammary development occurs later than 140 d of age in Boutsiko mountain breed ewe lambs.

Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness among strains of the moderately halophilic speciesDeleya halophila

The genomic relatedness among 16 strains assigned to the moderately halophilic speciesDeleya halophila and other 20 representative strains of halophilic and nonhalophilic species was estimated by determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base composition and by DNA-DNA hybridization studies. The guanine-plus-cytosine (G + C) base contents, determined from the melting temperature of DNAs ofD. halophila strains, were 66.0–68.8 mol %. DNA-DNA homology studies, determined by membrane filter technique, indicate that the 16 strains ofD. halophila comprise a genetically homogeneous group. High homology (≥70–100%) was obtained between the type strainD. halophila CCM 3662 and the otherD. halophila strains studied; however, very low DNA relatedness was found between the representative strains ofD. halophila and otherDeleya species (≤13-0%), as well as other moderately halophilic, marine, or nonhalophilic bacteria investigated.

Deoxyribonucleic acid determination in human cerebrospinal fluid.

Deoxyribonucleic acid determination in human cerebrospinal fluid.

The Dynamics of Cell Proliferation in Haploid and Diploid Tissues of Nicotiana tabacum

Summary Haploid plants of Nicotiana tabacum were obtained by culturing anthers at the microspore stage. Explants of pith tissue from haploid as well as diploid plants were grown in vitro, and changes in cell number, cell size, and fresh weight were determined over a 16-day period. In the tissue from diploid plants a decrease in cell size was seen after the eighth day in culture, but the tissues from haploid plants exhibited a slight increase in cell size. Spectrophotometric determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was made to investigate the time course of DNA synthesis during cell proliferation and culture. A wide range of ploidy levels was seen in the fresh pith tissues of both haploid and diploid .plants. Culture of these tissues resulted in increased levels of ploidy in a large proportion of the cells. In general, cells with lower DNA content per nucleus entered the cell cycle sooner than those with a higher amount. After an extended period of time in culture both haploid and diploid cxplants showed a variety of polyploid and aneuploid cells. The effects of pfluorophenylalanine (PFP) on explant growth and ploidy were tested. PFP was inhibitory to the growth of all cells, but haploid cells were inhibited slightly less than those of higher ploidy. Spectrophotometric data are presented to demonstrate that PFP can be used to maintain - or even increase - the population of haploid cells in tissue cultures derived from haploid plants of tobacco.

Taxonomic Consideration of Microbacterium lacticum, Microbacterium flavum, and Microbacterium thermosphactum

Classification of the microbacteria in a separate genus, Microbacterium Orla-Jensen, has been rejected by some authors. In this study three strains of Microbacterium lacticum Orla-Jensen, the type species of the genus, one strain of Microbacterium flavum Orla-Jensen, and two strains of Microbacterium thermosphactum McLean and Sulzbacher were examined with the hope that the somewhat precarious taxonomic position of these species might be clarified. Included in this examination were: The determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base composition by the thermal denaturation technique, the development of protein and esterase profiles by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and selected enzyme assays associated with the Embden-Meyerhof, hexosemono-phosphate, and tricarboxylic acid pathways. The DNA base ratio studies showed M. thermosphactum to have a per cent guanine plus cytosine content of 36 compared with 58 for M. flavum and 64 for M. lacticum. The enzyme assays also indicated heterogeneity. All possessed enzymes associated with the Embden-Meyerhof and the hexosemonophosphate pathways, but M. thermosphactum alone failed to yield enzymatic evidence for an operational tricarboxylic acid cycle. Also, only M. flavum showed evidence of a glyoxylate shunt. Protein profiles and esterase patterns were also sufficiently different to suggest a separation of M. thermosphactum from M. lacticum and M. flavum. These studies furnish additional evidence that M. flavum be placed in the genus Corynebacterium Lehmann and Neumann 1896. M. thermosphactum is an unusual organism which does not appear to be assignable to any of the presently recognized families of bacteria. The placement of M. lacticum in the genus Corynebacterium Lehmann and Neumann 1896 would render Microbacterium Orla-Jensen 1919 a later, subjective synonym of Corynebacterium. M. lacticum does possess characteristics not unlike those of the plant pathogenic corynebacteria.

A FORTIFIED MEDIUM FOR LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS STRAIN R-26 IN THE BIOASSAY OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

The Hoff-Jorgensen method for the quantitative determination of deoxyribonucleic acid was successfully simplified by using commercial acid- and enzymehydrolyzates of casein, together with supplements of uracil and pyridoxine, in place of laboratory-prepared hydrolyzates in the assay medium.

Structure of guanine hydrochloride dihydrate.

IN the structure determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the method of molecular model building must be combined with that of X-ray diffraction because of the overlap and weakness of the small spacing spots on the DNA X-ray diffraction pattern1,2. For this reason, accurate knowledge of the component parts of the DNA molecule is necessary. The dimensions of the guanine molecule have now been determined with high accuracy from a study of the structure of its hydrochloride.

Further observations on the chemical determination of deoxyribonucleic acid in animal tissues☆

Further observations on the chemical determination of deoxyribonucleic acid in animal tissues☆

Microspectrophotometric Determination of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Primary and Metastatic Mouse Mammary Tumors

Microspectrophotometric Determination of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Primary and Metastatic Mouse Mammary Tumors

Chemical Determination of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Root Tips before and after Cold Treatment

IT has been suggested1,2 that the deoxyribonucleic acid content of Trillium chromosomes in the roots falls after cold treatment, and that the competition for available nucleic acid often leads to starvation of the heterochromatic segments. Photometric determinations of the Feulgen stain content of nuclei before and after cold treatment3,4 support this view. We have now made estimations of the deoxyribonucleic acid content in root tips of Vicia, Trillium and Paris, both with and without cold treatment (Tables 1–3). In each case, terminal 1-cm. segments were used.