All of the methods utilized to determine vertical dimension and centric relation have value if those who use the methods are aware of the problems involved. The determination of vertical dimension is largely empirical. Vertical dimension should be within the patient's physiologic limits. The vertical dimension at centric occlusion is about 3 mm. less than the vertical dimension of the physiologic rest position. Centric relation can be determined graphically or by means of wax check-bites. The hinge axis cannot be determined as a single point, but only within an area of 1.5 to 2.0 mm. diameter.