Determination Of Total Chlorine Research Articles

Ion Chromatography for Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Total Chlorine in Water

In this article, we report a new method that involves adsorption, oxygen bomb combustion, and ion chromatography for the preconcentration and determination of adsorbable organic halogen. This method can be divided into four steps, including: macroporous resin adsorption enrichment, optimization, oxygen bomb combustion, and ion chromatography determination. The project studies the macroporous resin adsorb organic halide pollutants and subsequent burn by an oxygen bomb combustion analyzer. The organic halogen in the aerobic environment combusts into hydrogen chloride. The water absorbing hydrogen chloride was then determined by ion chromatography. The influences of some adsorption and combustion parameters, such as the adsorption time, adsorption solution volume, solution pH, hexachlorobenzene acid concentration, combustion oxygen pressure, among others, on their respective adsorption efficiency were investigated. In the optimal condition, the adsorption time was 3.5 h; solution volume was 20 mL; pH was 4; combustion absorption time was 15 min; and the chloride calibration working range was from 1 ppm to 20 ppm (R 2 = 0.9998). Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of organic halogen in water samples. The recoveries of chlorine (at spiked concentrations of 10 ppm and 20 ppm into water) in real samples ranged from 92.2% to 101.0%. Intra-day precision (N = 3) in terms of peak area, expressed as relative standard deviation, was found to be within the range of 0.68%–1.97%.

Determination of total chlorine and bromine in solid wastes by sintering and inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry

A sample preparation method based on sintering, followed by analysis by inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) for the simultaneous determination of chloride and bromide in diverse and mixed solid wastes, has been evaluated. Samples and reference materials of known composition were mixed with a sintering agent containing Na(2)CO(3) and ZnO and placed in an oven at 560 degrees C for 1h. After cooling, the residues were leached with water prior to a cation-exchange assisted clean-up. Alternatively, a simple microwave-assisted digestion using only nitric acid was applied for comparison. Thereafter the samples were prepared for quantitative analysis by ICP-SFMS. The sintering method was evaluated by analysis of certified reference materials (CRMs) and by comparison with US EPA Method 5050 and ion chromatography with good agreement. Median RSDs for the sintering method were determined to 10% for both chlorine and bromine, and median recovery to 96% and 97%, respectively. Limits of detection (LODs) were 200mg/kg for chlorine and 20mg/kg for bromine. It was concluded that the sintering method is suitable for chlorine and bromine determination in several matrices like sewage sludge, plastics, and edible waste, as well as for waste mixtures. The sintering method was also applied for determination of other elements present in anionic forms, such as sulfur, arsenic, selenium and iodine.

Determination of Total Chlorine in Drinking Waters by Gas Chromatography

In the procedure developed, chlorine species belonging to so-called total chlorine in the chlorinated water react with KBr, then in the presence of acetone and sulphuric acid, the released bromine forms a propanone derivative. This latter is extracted into toluene, separated by gas chromatography, and measured using an electron capture detector. For the preparation of calibrating standards chloramine T trihydrate of appropriate purity can be used. The limit of detection was found to be 0.285 µmol/L Cl2. For total chlorine concentrations between 10 and 50 µmol/L, the relative standard deviations were 4% at the most. Although selectivity of the method generally meets the practical requirements, a few strong oxidizing agents interfere with the determination (e.g., ).

Determination of chlorine and bromine in automotive shredder residues by oxygen bomb and ion chromatography.

An analytical procedure, oxygen bomb combustion-ion chromatography (IC), has been developed for the determination of total chlorine in Automotive Shredder Residues (ASR). Samples of these residues are fired under elevated oxygen pressure (30 atm) and the combustion products are transferred into a Na2CO3/NaHCO3 absorbent solution containing 1% of H2O2; the chlorine contents are then evaluated by ion chromatography. The use of the non-suppressed IC determination with a conductivity detector provides a rapid, sensitive and selective method for chlorine determination in ASR, allowing determinations of this heteroatom at levels below 1% in the presence of bromine and sulfur. Moreover, the proposed method allows the simultaneous determination of chlorine, bromine and sulfur which are potential environmental hazards.

Determination of Total Chlorine in Chrysotile by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometric methods have been developed for the determination of chlorine in asbestos (chrysotile) fibers. Chlorine, which is a minor constituent, is determined by a standard addition method from the ground fiber and by a standardless method in six different fibers. The lower limit of detection for a qualitative analysis and the lower limit of determination for a quantitative analysis of chlorine in the asbestos matrix are 40 ppm and 120 ppm, respectively. The water-soluble and acid-soluble chlorine have also been determined by ion-exchange chromatography and by a colorimetric method. The agreement of the three different methods is very good in all cases.

Determination of total chlorine in waste oil

A simple method has been developed to determine the concentration of organic chlorine in waste oil. The determination is based on the conversion of organic chlorine to inorganic chloride by reaction with sodium biphenyl followed by extraction with nitric acid and a mixture of nitric acid and water. The concentration of chloride is determined by direct potentiometry with an ion-selective electrode. The limit of determination amounts to 3·10−5 mol·l−1 chloride ions with a standard deviation of 3.5%. Different samples of waste oil have been analyzed and the results have been compared to those obtained by combustion in a H2/O2 flame followed by potentiometric titration with silver nitrate.

Determination of Total Chlorine in Phosphoric Acid Esters Used for Synthetic Lubricants

Determination of Total Chlorine in Phosphoric Acid Esters Used for Synthetic Lubricants

Rapid method for the simultaneous determination of total chlorine and nitrogen in coal

Abstract A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of total chlorine and nitrogen in coal has been developed. The nitrogen is estimated in the usual way and the chlorine is absorbed in alkaline hydrogen peroxide and estimated gravimetrically. It is found that the time taken for both the determinations is much less than that for separate determinations as prescribed by standard methods, while the results are in close agreement with those from the standard methods.

Pesticide Analysis, Determination of Total Chlorine in Pesticides by Reduction with a Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia-Sodium Mixture

Pesticide Analysis, Determination of Total Chlorine in Pesticides by Reduction with a Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia-Sodium Mixture

Determination of Total Chlorine in Inorganic Salts

Determination of Total Chlorine in Inorganic Salts