Determination Of Small Differences Research Articles

Irisnahtfixierte Hinterkammerlinse

Intraocular approaches to correct aphakia in cases of inadequate capsular support include an anterior chamber intraocular lens, fixation of a posterior chamber lens to the sclera or iris by suturing or iris claw, respectively. This article reviews the indications and contraindications for iris fixation with sutures and gives an overview of surgical techniques, potential complications and outcomes. Based on a selective search of pertinent literature in PubMed the information from original articles and reviews are analyzed, summarized and discussed. New surgical techniques have imparted an impetus to iris suture fixation with encouraging functional and morphological results offering a new promising alternative to the established options. Improved aspects arise for repositioning of a decentered intraocular lens and for a minimally invasive method for repair of late in-the-bag lens dislocation as seen more frequently by cataract surgeons. A final evaluation of the proposed techniques is not possible because none has clearly emerged as the optimal method. Precise determination of small differences in visual outcome or complication rates requires a large prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Quantifying of a dynamic refractory wear test setup for MgO-C products

The induction furnace test is one of the most common used refractory wear testing methods for MgO-C products. Due to the high oxidation rates in the ITO test setup and the significant changes in slag chemistry the test method sometimes gives results which cannot be compared to the field. For a general “Yes or No” decision this test is suitable for testing MgO-C refractories, determination of small differences in performance of MgO-C products, which is especially important for the development of new grades, is hardly possible. Due to that the application of a supplementary testing method was tested at the Chair of Metallurgy (Montanuniversitaet Leoben).

Chiral interaction of a polyclonal anti-dinitrophenyl antibody with dinitrophenyl-amino acids determined by an enantioselective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

The enantioselectivity of the interaction of a polyclonal anti-DNP (dinitrophenyl) antiserum with a variety of DNP-amino acids has been determined by an indirect noncompetitive ELISA and the results obtained have been compared with those of an indirect competitive ELISA. The competitive ELISA offers an advantage to determine the I 50 values representing the relative affinities of the investigated DNP-amino acid enantiomers. In all cases, the I 50 values obtained were different for the individual DNP-amino acid enantiomers. While the l-enantiomers of ϵ-DNP-lysine, δ-DNP-ornithine, DNP-alanine and DNP-proline show a higher relative affinity for the antibody combining site than the d-enantiomers, an inverse chiral recognition was found for DNP-phenylalanine. On account of the high sensitivity of the ELISA system, the determination of small differences in the enantiomer recognition by the anti-DNP antibody is possible.

Substitution Method for Swept-Frequency Measurements of Dielectric Properties at Microwave Frequencies

A solid-state computer-controlled system has been used to make swept-frequency measurements of the insertion loss and reflectance of biological specimens and other media. A substitution procedure was used for direct comparison of samples to allow determination of small differences (on the order of 0.1 dB) in insertion loss and reflectance.

Twin Knudsen Effusion Apparatus for Small Samples of Radioactive Materials

A twin Knudsen apparatus for the measurement of vapor pressures is described. The apparatus has been employed in the temperature range 1140–1412°K, using approximately one milligram samples of PuF3, AmF3 and Am metal. Radiometric assay of condensed effusates yielded vapor pressure data in the range ∼5×10−7 mm to ∼2×10−3 mm that were internally consistent within a mean deviation of ±5 percent. The apparatus is particularly suitable for the determination of small differences in vapor pressure of similar substances.