Determination Of Serum Vitamin Research Articles

Determination of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Patients with COVID-19

Background: In 2019, the first cases of an acute respiratory infectious disease were announced in the city of Wuhan, China. In places where the speed of transmission and the resulting high prevalence and death from this virus is high, it is important to find things that help prevent and reduce the symptoms and complications of the disease, one of these things. Things are serum levels of vitamin D. As a result of this study, serum levels of vitamin D were measured in patients with Covid-19. Methods: From December to March of 1400, 100 samples of people hospitalized in Khurshid laboratory were examined to identify the RNA of the Covid-19 virus by Real Time PCR method and at the same time to check the serum levels of vitamin D. The data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The average age of the patients was between 12.45 and 40.8 years. Comparison the two Covid-19 positive and negative groups in terms of symptoms, it was found that the patients with RH positive had more positive PCR percentage and a significant difference was reported between RH positive and Covid-19 (p=0.006). In comparing the relationship between disease symptoms and the rate of PCR positive reports of gastrointestinal symptoms, history of significant disease, cough, fever, a significant difference was reported (p<0.001). Also, 50% of the samples were PCR positive. Based on the t-test, a significant difference was reported between the serum levels of vitamin D and Covid-19 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the vitamin D is an acceptable protective factor against Covid19 infection and its deficiency increases the probability of infection.

Vitamin D-associated genetic variants in the Brazilian population: Investigating potential instruments for Mendelian randomization

Introduction. Vitamin D is required for bone and mineral metabolism and participates in the regulation of the immune response. It is also linked to several chronic diseases and conditions, usually in populations of European descent. Brazil presents a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency despite the widespread availability of sunlight in the country. Thus, it is important to investigate the role of vitamin D as a risk factor for disease and to establish causal relationships between vitamin D levels and health-related outcomes in the Brazilian population.Objective. To examine genetic variants identified as determinants of serum vitamin D in genome-wide association studies of European populations and check whether the same associations are present in Brazil. If so, these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be developed locally as proxies to use in genetically informed causal inference methods, such as Mendelian randomization.Materials and methods. We extracted SNPs associated with vitamin D from the genomewide association studies catalog. We did a literature search to select papers ascertaining these variants and vitamin D concentrations in Brazil.Results. GC was the gene with the strongest association with vitamin D levels, in agreement with existing findings in European populations. However, VDR was themost investigated gene, regardless of its non-existing association with vitamin D in the genomewide association studies.Conclusions. More research is needed to validate sound proxies for vitamin D levels in Brazil, for example, prioritizing GC rather than VDR.

Comparison of Vitamin D Status between Healthy Pregnant Women and Women with Recurrent Early Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss

Introduction: Recurrent early spontaneous pregnancy loss is the most common negative outcome of pregnancy and identification of modifiable risk factors is potentially of great importance for public health. The immunological factors may play a role in failure of pregnancy in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. The role of this vitamin D has also been proved in the immune system. Aim of the Study: This study aim to determine serum vitamin D status among women with recurrent early spontaneous pregnancy loss and to compare the vitamin D level among them with healthy pregnant women. Methods: This cross sectional comparative study was done at the out patient department of obstetrics and Gynecology in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University during September 2018 to August 2019. The study comprises of 70 women carrying singleton fetus, gestational age between 8 to 12 weeks, in the age range of 18 to 35 years. The respondents were divided into two groups, 35 pregnant women in their early pregnancy loss with previous history of two or more early spontaneous pregnancy loss were considered as group I and 35 women in their early live pregnancy with previous history of one or more successful pregnancy and no history of any pregnancy loss were considered as group II. Fasting serum vitamin D level was measure by CMIA. Results: This study found that most the respondents were vitamin D deficient in both groups. In group I 17(48.6%) and in group II 10(28.6%) were vitamin D severe deficient. Again in group I 18(51.4%) and 24(68.6%) in group II were vitamin D deficient. The mean vitamin D level was 9.90±2.28 ng/ml in group I and 11.43±3.96 ng/ml in group II. The differences was statistically not significant (P>0.05) between two groups. There is a negative correlation (r-0.235; p 0.175) between serum vitamin D level and number of pregnancy loss. Which indicate increase number of pregnancy loss associated with decrease level of vitamin D. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficient in both groups, however the vitamin D level was comparatively low in women with recurrent early spontaneous pregnancy loss but the differences was not significant between two groups.

Serum Concentration of Vitamin D in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus.

The vitamin D receptor is involved in immunologically mediated diseases such as oral lichen planus. Some studies suggest an association between lower vitamin D concentrations and a higher risk of inflammatory conditions such as oral lichen planus. The aim of this study was to investigate 1) whether there is a difference in serum vitamin D concentration in patients with oral lichen planus compared to patients in the control group, 2) whether there is a difference in serum vitamin D concentration in patients with erosive compared to non-erosive forms of oral lichen planus, 3) whether there is a difference in serum vitamin D concentration in patients with developed oral cancer and those without cancer. The study included 68 patients, 34 with oral lichen planus and 34 healthy controls. Fasting venous blood was taken from each participant to determine serum concentrations of vitamin D. The T-test results confirmed a statistically significant lower serum vitamin D concentration in patients with oral lichen planus compared to the control group (p=0.001). According to the results, a statistically significant lower serum vitamin D concentration was found in patients with erosive form OLP. All five patients with oral cancer, which was developed from erosive OLP, had low serum vitamin D concentrations. Determination of serum vitamin D concentration could be important for monitoring OLP patients to prevent the development of severe clinical manifestations of erosive OLP and the conversion of symptomatic lesions to oral cancer.

Relationship of vitamin D with the anthropometric indicators and lifestyle of adults. Medellín. Colombia

Introduction: Serum vitamin D levels depend on sunlight, diet, and other factors. Objective: We aimed to determine serum vitamin D levels and evaluate their relationship with anthropometric indicators and lifestyle habits in apparently healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study (n=75), socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle habit-related data were collected. Serum vitamin D levels were determined with high performance liquid chromatography, food intake was measured by semiquantitative frequency and nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry. Chi-square test and also principal component analysis were used to analyze the relationship between some variables and vitamin D status. Spearman’s test was used to determine correlations between quantitative variables. Results: 73% were women and 61% belonged to medium socio-economic level. Median vitamin D intake was 137 (83.1–227.3) IU/day. Based on body mass index (BMI), 44% individuals had overweight/obesity. The 68% exhibited deficient/insufficient vitamin D levels (Hypovitaminosis D). BMI classification and waist circumference (CW) were not related with vitamin D status; however, activities with higher sun exposure were highly related (p = 0.013). Sun exposure time explained variation in component 2 (16.60%), where most of the individuals with normal level were grouped. Sun exposure time was positively correlated with vitamin D status (r = 0.263; p = 0.023). Discussion: Excess weight and abdominal obesity are not always associated with hypovitaminosis D. Conclusions: The majority of individuals showed hypovitaminosis D but their status was not related with anthropometric indicators. A Sun exposure time was the only factor positively correlated with vitamin D status.

Nonlinear Relationship Between Maternal and Cord Blood Vitamin B12 and Folate from a Chinese Population-Based Study.

There remains a data gap on vitamin B12 and folate level in maternal and child populations. This study aimed to assess the status of vitamin B12 and folate in maternal serum (MS) and umbilical cord serum (UCS). This was a planned secondary analysis of a case-control study. A total of 858 pregnant women during late pregnancy and their newborns in the hospitals of China were included. Maternal peripheral venous blood and neonatal umbilical cord blood were collected to determine serum vitamin B12 and folate concentration. Relationship of vitamin B12 or folate concentration between MS and UCS was assessed by a quantile regression model and the non-linear relationship between them was examined. Nutritional status of serum folate was better than that of vitamin B12. Prevalence of deficiency in MS vitamin B12 and folate was 73.4% and 14.2%, respectively and these figures were about 17.8% and 0.1% in UCS. Both vitamin B12 and folate levels in UCS were significantly higher than those in MS (vitamin B12: 321.0 pg/mL vs 158.3 pg/mL, folate: 16.5 ng/mL vs 7.0 ng/mL, P <0.001). The median UCS-MS ratio of vitamin B12 and folate was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.94-2.06) and 2.4 (95% CI: 2.30-2.53), respectively. The levels of folate and vitamin B12 in UCS increased nonlinearly with their increase in MS which presented an inverted U-shaped curve. Deficiency in vitamin B12 and folate in the women during late pregnancy in China is prevalent. Nutritional status of the two vitamins in umbilical cord serum is correlated nonlinearly with that in maternal serum. Folic acid supplementation may be accompanied with vitamin B12 to improve status of vitamin B12 and folate during pregnancy.

Vitamin B12 deficiency in turkish patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) disease and related changes in blood parameters bring essential health risks. This study was carried out to determine the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in T2DM patients, the effect of B12 deficiency on blood glucose, HbA1c control and lipid parameters, and the B12 level in diabetes patients using metformin. Material and Methods: 287 patients with T2DM who were followed up in the Endocrinology department of Istanbul Training and Research Hospital were evaluated. After the patients called for control had fasted for 8 hours, blood tests were performed, and biochemical parameters were determined with standard laboratory techniques. Vitamin B12 &lt;180 mg/dl was accepted as a deficiency, and patients were divided into groups regarding vitamin B12 deficiency. The chemiluminescence method was used to determine serum Vitamin B12 levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: A total of 287 T2DM patients were included in the study. B12 deficiency is present in 29.8% of T2DM patients. Vitamin B12 values were found to be lower in patients with T2DM using metformin (280.2 pg /ml ±151.06 pg/ml, p&lt;0.05); however, lower vitamin B12 values did not have a significant effect on blood sugar control (p=0,3), and hypovitaminosis Vitamin B12 was associated with elevated hypertriglyceridemia (p=0,03). Conclusion: According to the current study, serum vitamin B12 level was not associated with blood glucose and HbA1c; a relationship was found between vitamin B12 deficiency and higher hypertriglyceridemia. A significant proportion of T2DM patients using metformin had lower levels of vitamin B12 compared to T2DM patients not using metformin. Vitamin B12 levels should be monitored regularly in the follow-up of patients with T2DM using metformin.

Association of serum vitamin D levels with clinical spectrum of central serous chorioretinopathy patients of Indian origin.

Vitamin D, a fat-soluble prohormone has been implicated in various ophthalmological diseases such as ocular inflammation, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and ocular angiogenesis. Many studies have shown effect of vitamin D on oxidative stress, angiogenesis and retinal circulation. However, there is definitive lack in published literature on effect of vitamin D on central serous chorioretinopathy especially in view of various epidemiological studies reporting risk of vitamin deficiency in up to 40% adult population. To determine serum vitamin D levels in various clinical profiles of central serous chorioretinopathy and their effect on its pathophysiology in Indian population. Case control observational study METHODS: Study included 42 patients (group P) of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) diagnosed with optic coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) which were further sub-grouped into acute(P1), chronic (P2) and recurrent (P3). A total of 44 age & sex-matched healthy control subjects (group C) were also included. The vitamin D levels of both groups were examined and analyzed. No significant difference between the groups P and C in respect of age, gender or baseline best corrected visual acuity (P=0.153, P=0.123 and P=0.08, respectively) was noted. Vitamin D levels were determined as 16.473±7.307ng/mL in group P and 34.940±8.348ng/mL in group C and difference was statistically significant(P=0.001). There were statistically significantly more no of patient in group P (78.57%) with deficient vitamin D levels as compared to normal serum levels (4.76%) (P=0.04). Patients in group P1(acute CSCR) and P2(Chronic CSCR) also had significant more no of subjects with deficient vitamin D levels as compared to normal serum levels (P=0.01 and P=0.03). The low serum vitamin D levels were determined in all clinical sub-types of central serous chorioretinopathy patients which point to its possible role in the pathophysiology of the disease. There is a need for further studies to determine the changes that could occur with vitamin replacement therapy in CSCR.

Vitamin D and its association with severity and control of childhood bronchial asthma.

Bronchial asthma is a common disease in childhood. Vitamin D deficiency is a common unidentified nutritional deficiency. In spite of high prevalence, an association between the two has not been well understood. Our study aimed to determine serum Vitamin D levels among asthmatic children and its association with clinical severity and level of control. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 2019 where 64 recurrent wheezers, classified into 6-15 years and the under 5 wheezers as per Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines, were included. The group of asthmatic children was comparable with respect to their demographic profiles with good adherence and proper inhaler use. Serum Vitamin D levels were estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and classified using the US Endocrine Society classification. Association between Vitamin D status and outcome variables was analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, unpaired t-test, and ANOVA. Among the 64 wheezers, 29 (45.3%) had intermittent symptoms and 35 (54.7%) had persistent symptoms. Mean Vitamin D levels in the entire study population were in deficiency range (18.96 ng/ml ± 2.23). Persistent asthmatics had significantly lower Vitamin D levels (13.75 ng/ml) as compared to intermittent asthmatics (28.52 ng/ml). Those asthmatics who had hypovitaminosis D had higher rates of hospitalization (P = 0.048), increased use of rescue medications (P = 0.008), and poor symptom control (P = 0.001). Asthmatic children had a higher incidence of reduced Vitamin D levels showing a statistically significant association. There is also a significant association between Vitamin D level and poor symptom control, hospitalization for exacerbations, and requirement of rescue medication in asthmatic children.

3' Untranslated Region Structural Elements in CYP24A1 Are Associated With Infantile Hypercalcemia Type 1.

Loss-of-function mutations in the CYP24A1 protein-coding region causing reduced 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D) catabolism have been observed in some cases of infantile hypercalcemia type 1 (HCINF1), which can manifest as nephrocalcinosis, hypercalcemia and adult-onset hypercalciuria, and renal stone formation. Some cases present with apparent CYP24A1 phenotypes but do not exhibit pathogenic mutations. Here, we assessed the molecular mechanisms driving apparent HCINF1 where there was a lack of CYP24A1 mutation. We obtained blood samples from 47 patients with either a single abnormality of no obvious cause or a combination of hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and nephrolithiasis as part of our metabolic and stone clinics. We used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine serum vitamin D metabolites and direct sequencing to confirm CYP24A1 genotype. Six patients presented with profiles characteristic of altered CYP24A1 function but lacked protein-coding mutations in CYP24A1. Analysis upstream and downstream of the coding sequence showed single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the CYP24A1 3' untranslated region (UTR). Bioinformatics approaches revealed that these 3' UTR abnormalities did not result in microRNA silencing but altered the CYP24A1 messenger RNA (mRNA) secondary structure, which negatively impacted translation. Our experiments showed that mRNA misfolding driven by these 3' UTR sequence-dependent structural elements was associated with normal 25OHD but abnormal 1,25(OH)2 D catabolism. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we developed an in vitro mutant model for future CYP24A1 studies. Our results form a basis for future studies investigating structure-function relationships and novel CYP24A1 mutations producing a semifunctional protein. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

Vitamin D Deficiency During the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Risk of Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationships among various factors that affect serum vitamin D levels and vitamin D in the first trimester and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DesignA prospective cohort design. SettingThe family health center of Ankara, Turkey. ParticipantsOut of 889 pregnant women who participated in the study in the first trimester (6–13 weeks gestation), 814 participated in GDM screening in the second trimester (24–28 weeks gestation). MethodsWe determined serum vitamin D levels, demographic data, various biochemical and anthropometric parameters, and factors that affect vitamin D synthesis of participants in the first trimester and used logistic regression analysis to analyze the effects of the associations among vitamin D deficiency and the other variables on the occurrence of GDM. ResultsVitamin D deficiency in the first trimester was present in 425 (82.5%) participants. In the second trimester, 198 participants (24.3%) were diagnosed with GDM through oral glucose tolerance test screening. We detected GDM in the second trimester in 5.7% of participants who had vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester. Even after adjustment for vitamin D intake, clothing style, and duration of exposure to the sun, the risk of GDM was significantly greater in participants who were vitamin D deficient than those who were not deficient. The risk of GDM among women with vitamin D deficiency was sustained or increased significantly after we adjusted for age, parity, prepregnancy body mass index, history of diabetes, triglyceride levels, vitamin D intake, clothing style, and length of sun exposure, OR = 10.60, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [2.82, 39.76]. ConclusionsOur results suggest that vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester may significantly increase the risk of developing GDM.

Vitamin D and its association with symptom severity in knee osteoarthritis: a cross sectional study at a national referral hospital in Uganda

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among patients with osteoarthritis. It is associated with joint pain, stiffness and worse physical function. Whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with osteoarthritis is controversial. We investigated serum vitamin D levels and its association with symptom severity in patients with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsBetween January 2020 to March and May 2020, we conducted a cross sectional study at a national referral hospital in Uganda. Using the American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria, 107 consenting adults were diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. A questionnaire captured patient demographics and clinical characteristics. Joint pain, stiffness and physical function severity were assessed and graded based on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). We determined serum vitamin D levels by electrochemilumniscence immunoassay. The data were analysed and adjusted for age, sex, education, occupation, family history, body mass index (BMI) and calcium supplementation.ResultsOf the 107 patients, 92 (86%) patients were females, mean (SD) age was 58.1 (12.6) years. Nearly 65% of the patients had suboptimal serum vitamin D levels < 30 ng/ml. The median (Q1, Q3) WOMAC joint scores were as follows: pain 8.0 (5, 11), stiffness 1 (0, 2), physical function 29.0 (16, 41) and total WOMAC 39.0 (21, 54). Spearman correlations between serum vitamin D levels with symptom severity were as follows: joint pain (r = 0.18, p = 0.06), stiffness (r = 0.13, p = 0.17), physical function (r = 0.09, p = 0.36) and total WOMAC (r = 0.13, p = 0.19).ConclusionSerum vitamin D levels are not associated with joint pain, stiffness and physical function severity. Older age and higher BMI are associated with vitamin D deficiency in patients with knee osteoarthritis attending a national referral hospital rheumatology clinic in Uganda. Suboptimal vitamin D is an independent risk factor for total mortality in the general population. Clinical guidelines and further studies to determine age and BMI ranges required for vitamin D screening are needed in patients with osteoarthritis in Uganda. Patients are advised to keep a normal BMI.

Analysis between vitamin D receptor Bsml polymorphism and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in patients with comorbidity: chronic pancreatitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The objective of the research is to analyze the association of Bsml polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene in patients with comorbidity - chronic pancreatitis (CP) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as to correct the serum vitamin D level.Material and methods. The study included 57 patients with CP with concomitant COPD, who were hospitalized in the gastroenterology department of the Chernivtsi Regional Clinical Hospital. COPD was in a state of stable or unstable remission. The average age of the examined patients was 52.36 ± 1.83 years. The inclusion criterion was vitamin D deficiency diagnosed in patients with chronic pancreatitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The exclusion criterion was another nosology that could cause disorders of vitamin D metabolism. Results. 57 patients had vitamin D deficiency. No patients with normal vitamin levels were recorded. Thus, the average level of vitamin D in respondents with vitamin D deficiency was 36.13 ± 7.61. After genotyping and distribution according to a specific genotype, a vitamin deficiency correction scheme was selected. Cholecalciferol at a dose of 6000 IU for 2 months was prescribed for the G/G genotype patients. Patients with G/A and A/A genotypes received the same drug at a dose of 8000 IU for 2 months, followed by determination of serum vitamin D levels.Conclusions. For patients with A allele (genotypes AA and AG), the genetic risk of developing vitamin D deficiency is higher than the average population level. For patients with moderate and severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and signs of malabsorption syndrome, it is recommended to check not only the level of 25 (OH) D in the serum, but also to determine the polymorphic variant of the VDR gene to approve further treatment tactics - determine the optimal dose and check its effectiveness.

Association Between Vitamin D Levels and Vitamin D Receptor FokI Polymorphism in Thai Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis

Background: Osteoporosis is a complex genetic disease, which is common among postmenopausal women. It is characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased bone fragility and fractures.&#x0D; Objective: To study the association between serum vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genetic FokI polymorphism in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.&#x0D; Methods: A total of 60 postmenopausal women who came for treatment at the menopausal clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital were enrolled. All of the patients had their BMD measured, and were determined serum vitamin D levels and VDR FokI polymorphism. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. The frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with risk of osteoporosis was compared.&#x0D; Results: Among 60 postmenopausal women, 26 (43.3%) women were an osteoporotic group and 34 (56.7%) women were non-osteoporotic group. There were no significant differences in age, vitamin D levels, or VDR FokI polymorphism between the groups (P &gt; .05). However, the TT genotype of VDR FokI polymorphism was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (&lt; 20 ng/mL) (OR, 6.15; 95% CI, 1.51 - 25.14; P &lt; .05).&#x0D; Conclusions: Vitamin D levels and genotype of VDR FokI polymorphisms were similar between the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women. The TT genotype of VDR FokI polymorphism showed a significant association with vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, TT genotype of VDR FokI polymorphism may be used to predict risk of vitamin D deficiency.&#x0D;

Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with juvenile osteochondritis dissecans

BackgroundJuvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is an acquired joint disease of unknown aetiology that affects skeletally immature patients and has the potential to progress to osteoarthritis. Recent studies have reported a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with osteochondral lesions. The aim of our study was to determine serum vitamin D levels in patients diagnosed with JOCD. MethodsSerum 25(OH)D levels of 31 patients (22 males) presenting 40 lesions (29 JOCD of the knee, and 11 of the ankle) were evaluated. The average age was 11.9 ± 2.9 years. Hypovitaminosis D was defined as a value less than 30 ng/ml and was divided into vitamin D insufficiency (20–30 ng/ml) and vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml). ResultsHypovitaminosis D was present in 45.2% of the evaluated patients (32.2% insufficiency and 13% deficiency). No significant differences were found in the mean values ​​and incidence of hypovitaminosis between those patients in which the sample was taken in warm or cold season (P = .267 and P = .875, respectively). Patients who required surgery had a higher incidence of hypovitaminosis than those treated conservatively (60% versus 31%, P = .054). There was no correlation in the incidence of hypovitaminosis with sex, location, stability of the lesion, or if the lesion was uni or bilateral. ConclusionIn our series, almost half of the patients diagnosed with JOCD presented abnormal serum levels of vitamin D. A two-fold incidence of hypovitaminosis was observed in patients requiring surgical treatment compared to patients managed conservatively. The association found in this study does not imply causation, but it should be considered within the set of actions for the treatment of these injuries.

Vitamin D and bone mineral status of newborn-maternal pair delivering at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Vitamin D plays a vital role in the maintenance of bone health. The fetuses and exclusively breastfed neonates depend on maternal vitamin D store to meet their need. Widespread vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women have been reported with adverse fetal outcome. Nigeria lacks guideline on Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy due to the paucity of data. We thus determined serum vitamin D of delivering mothers and their offsprings and other indicators of bone mineral health. This study aimed to determine serum Vitamin D and other indicators of bone mineral health of delivering mothers and their offspring. A cross-sectional study of delivering mothers and their newborns recruited consecutively until the minimal sample size was reached. Relevant information was obtained on a questionnaire. Maternal and cord serum vitamin D, calcium, albumin, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase were determined. Data management was done using SPSS version 16.0. Of the 84 newborn-mother pairs studied, 17 (20.2%) of the mothers were Vitamin D deficient and 23 (27.4%) insufficient. Seven (8.3%) of the mothers were hypocalcaemic and 3 (3.6%) hypophosphataemic, while 19 (22.6%) had elevated alkaline phosphatase. Only 15 (17.9%) of the neonates were vitamin D insufficient and none of them was vitamin D deficient, hypocalcaemic, hypophosphataemic nor had elevated alkaline phosphatase. There was strong positive correlation between cord and maternal blood vitamin D level (r = 0.740, P = < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is high among pregnant women in Maiduguri while insufficiency is common among the neonates. We recommend vitamin D supplementation to pregnant women and newborns in Maiduguri.

Relationship of Serum Vitamin D with Liver Disease Severity and Bone Abnormalities in Cholestatic Children

Background. Vitamin D deficiency occurs in 10% to 36% of children with cholestasis. The relationship between serum vitamin D levels, severity of liver disease and bone abnormalities in children has not been extensively investigated. Objective. To determine serum vitamin D levels and its association with liver disease severity and presence of radiographic rickets in children with cholestasis. Methodology. Children aged 0–10 years with cholestasis underwent serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (25-[OH]D) determination, radiographs of wrists and knees and liver function tests. Liver disease severity was evaluated using the Child-Pugh score. Radiographs were assessed using Thacher Rickets Severity Score. Data were analyzed using odds ratio and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results. We included 51 children [Mean (SD) age: 5 (6) months, 63% are males], mostly with biliary atresia (51%). Forty-seven (92%) had serum 25-(OH)D deficiency and four (8%) had insufficiency. Radiologic bone abnormalities were observed in 22 (43%) cases; specifically, rickets in 16 (31%). No association was observed with vitamin D levels and liver disease severity (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.12–13.31) nor with rickets score (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.004–1.37). Conclusion. Majority of the children with cholestasis had vitamin D deficiency, with a third having radiographic findings of rickets. Serum vitamin D levels were not associated with liver disease severity or with rickets score.

Mendelian randomization study on vitamin D levels and osteoarthritis risk: a concise report.

The role of vitamin D in OA is unclear and previous epidemiological studies have provided inconsistent results. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal relationship between genetically determined serum vitamin D levels and hip/knee OA. Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with vitamin D levels in the Study of Underlying Genetic Determinants of Vitamin D and Highly Related Traits Consortium were selected as instrumental variables. Summary statistics of the SNPs effects on OA were derived from the Iceland and UK Biobank, comprising 23877 knee OA cases, 17151 hip OA cases and >562000 controls. The control samples match the OA cases in age, sex and county of origin. The MR analyses showed no causal association between genetically determined vitamin D levels and knee OA [odds ratio (OR) 1.03 (95% CI 0.84, 1.26)] or hip OA [OR 1.06 (95% CI 0.83, 1.35)]. Genetic variations associated with low vitamin D serum levels are not associated with increased risk of hip or knee OA in community-dwelling older adults, suggesting that vitamin D levels are not causally linked to OA. It is therefore unlikely that vitamin D supplementation protects against hip or knee OA.

The Analysis of Serum Vitamin D (25[OH]D) Level in Psoriasis Patients Comparing with Control Subjects

Background: Vitamin D has been shown to have an immunomodulatory effect, and previous studies have proven that vitamin D deficiency contributed to several autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine serum vitamin D levels in psoriasis vulgaris patients and compare them with control subjects. Methods: The research samples were sixteen adults with psoriasis vulgaris and 16 control subjects. Blood samples were taken, and the serum 25 (OH) D levels were measured using the Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay method. Result: The mean serum vitamin D in psoriasis vulgaris patients and controls were 14.36 ± 6.36 and 19.92 ± 7.59 ng/mL, respectively. No psoriasis vulgaris were observed in patients with normal 25(OH)D levels, and only 3 control subjects with normal serum 25(OH)D levels. These results were not statistically significant (p = 0.09). Conclusion: Most patients with psoriasis vulgaris were observed having vitamin D deficiency. However, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the control subjects was high as well. Therefore, there were no differences in serum 25(OH)D levels between psoriasis vulgaris and control patients.

P547 Inadequate vitamin C status and association with inflammatory biomarkers in adults with active Crohn’s disease

Abstract Background Micronutrient deficiencies are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to the inflammatory burden and changes in dietary intake. Vitamin C, an essential water-soluble antioxidant required for tissue repair and immune function, is found primarily in fresh fruit and vegetables however, this food group is more often avoided by people with IBD compared with the general population. This research aimed to determine serum vitamin C status in subjects with active Crohn’s disease, measure urinary vitamin C excretion in healthy controls (HC) and Crohn’s disease patients before and after exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and assess associations between inflammatory markers and vitamin C. Methods Stored serum and random urine samples prospectively collected from adults with mild to moderately active Crohn’s disease and adult HC were analysed. Both HC and Crohn’s disease groups received EEN with a known vitamin C content for two weeks. Serum and urinary vitamin C were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Urinary vitamin C was standardised to urinary creatinine. Non-parametric t-tests and correlations were performed. Results EEN was initiated in 38 patients (aged 16 to 39 years old). Inadequate serum vitamin C (&amp;lt;50 µmol/l) was present in 36/38 patients with active Crohn’s disease and 45% had hypovitaminosis C. Baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) was 12 mg/l (range, 3 to 158 mg/l) and faecal calprotectin was 1065 µg/g (range, 60 to 3838 µg/g). Serum vitamin C correlated weakly with CRP (r = −0.30 95% CI: −0.58 to 0.03, p = 0.06) but not with faecal calprotectin. Two weeks of EEN was completed by 30 (79%) patients and 17 (81%) HC. The average vitamin C intake was 168mg/day (range, 108–252 mg/day). Baseline urinary excretion of vitamin C was low in both Crohn’s disease and HC. Following EEN urinary vitamin C excretion increased significantly in both groups (Figure 1). Conclusion Patients with active Crohn’s disease had inadequate vitamin C status. EEN increased urinary vitamin C excretion in both Crohn’s disease and HC, suggesting low baseline dietary vitamin C intake and potentially enhanced utilisation. Further research with a larger patient cohort would provide a greater understanding of vitamin C metabolism in active Crohn’s disease.