Determination Of Serum Creatinine Research Articles

Protopanaxadiol prevents cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by regulating ferroptosis.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by cisplatin (CDDP) is a complex, critical illness with no effective or specific treatment. The purpose of the study was to assess the protective effect of protopanaxadiol (PPD) on the kidneys in CDDP-induced AKI models and its possible mechanisms. In vitro, the protection of PPD was assessed in HK-2. KM mice were injected with CDDP to induce AKI models in vivo. The determination of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine (SCr) was performed, and pathological changes were examined by histopathological examination. Immunostaining and western blot analyses were used to analyze the expression levels of proteins. PPD can increase the viability of HK-2 cells damaged by CDDP, improve cell morphology, and alleviate the symptoms of AKI in mice. In addition, PPD can down-regulate the protein expression of TRF and up-regulate the protein expression of Ferritin heavy chain, Glutathione peroxidase 4, and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 reduce the iron content in cells and kidney tissues, and restore the antioxidant defense system. PPD has an inhibitory effect on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, which may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis by regulating iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation.

Verification of the analytical performance of serum creatinine determination by enzymatic method on Architect ci8200

Verification of the analytical performance of serum creatinine determination by enzymatic method on Architect ci8200

Correction of creatine-creatinine conversion during serum creatinine quantification by two-dimensional liquid chromatography and double-spike isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry

Background and aimsDevelopment of a candidate reference method based on bidimensional liquid chromatography coupled to ESI-MS/MS and double spike isotope dilution for serum creatinine quantification capable of correcting for creatinine-creatine interconversion during sample pretreatment. Study of the impact of the creatine-creatinine interconversion during the analysis of human serum samples. Materials and methods13C1-creatinine and 13C2-creatine are added to the serum sample. Separation carried out by bidimensional liquid chromatography combining reversed phase and a strong cation exchange chromatography. The heart cut, containing creatine and creatinine, is automatically transferred to the second dimension. Quantification carried out by double spike isotope dilution tandem MS/MS. ResultsMinimization of spectral interferences and ion suppression due to matrix effects while increasing sample throughput compared to the direct coupling of cation exchange chromatography to the ESI source. Trueness of the method studied with the satisfactory analysis of two certified reference materials. Satisfactory intra- and inter-day precisions obtained analysing a serum pool and control sera. Analysis of 93 serum samples revealed negligible interconversions with no correlation with creatine levels. ConclusionsThe method provides adequate analytical figures of merit for serum creatinine determination according to CSLI guidelines. Negligible creatine-creatinine interconversion is promoted with the applied sample preparation procedure.

Comparability and Stability of Serum Creatinine Concentration in Capillary and Venous Blood.

Background: The use of self-collected capillary blood has several advantages over phlebotomy, as such finger-prick testing is rapidly becoming accepted as a routine sample type for adults. However, there is limited evidence that venous and capillary serum is comparable for many analytes. This study aimed to determine whether capillary samples could offer an alternative sampling method to venous samples for the assessment of serum creatinine using the enzymatic method and if this analyte was stable in unspun capillary blood for 3days. Methods: Matched capillary and venous blood samples were collected from 48 patients for the determination of serum creatinine, one set being processed on day zero, the other set being stored at ambient temperature and then processed on day three. Self-collected capillary blood was compared with phlebotomist-collected venous samples. Results: Serum creatinine concentrations from venous and capillary blood samples taken on day zero were compared to concentrations in capillary blood from day three. Data produced showed serum creatinine concentrations from capillary and venous serum to be comparable. Conclusion: It is believed that this is the first published study to determine if self-collected capillary blood sampling is an acceptable alternative to venous sampling for the measurement of serum creatinine concentration; our data indicates that there is no significant difference in results from unspun venous and capillary blood stored at room temperature for at least 3days compared to venous blood tested on the same day of collection.

Zileuton ameliorates aminoglycoside and polymyxin-associated acute kidney injury in an animal model.

Aminoglycosides and polymyxins are antibiotics with in vitro activity against MDR Gram-negative bacteria. However, their clinical use is hindered by dose-limiting nephrotoxicity. The objective of this project was to determine if zileuton can reduce nephrotoxicity associated with amikacin and polymyxin B in a rat model of acute kidney injury. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10, both genders) were administered either amikacin (300 mg/kg) or polymyxin B (20 mg/kg) daily for 10 days. Zileuton (4 and 10 mg/kg) was delivered intraperitoneally 15 min before antibiotic administration. Blood samples were collected at baseline and daily to determine serum creatinine concentration. Nephrotoxicity was defined as a ≥2× elevation of baseline serum creatinine. Time-to-event analysis and log rank test were used to compare the onset of nephrotoxicity in different cohorts. Histopathological analysis was also conducted to characterize the extent of kidney injury. Animals receiving amikacin or polymyxin B alone had nephrotoxicity rates of 90% and 100%, respectively. The overall rate was reduced to 30% in animals receiving adjuvant zileuton. The onset of nephrotoxicity associated with amikacin and polymyxin B was also significantly delayed by zileuton at 4 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Histopathology confirmed reduced kidney injury in animals receiving amikacin concomitant with zileuton. Our pilot data suggest that zileuton has the potential to attenuate nephrotoxicity associated with last-line antibiotics. This would allow these antibiotics to treat MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections optimally without dose-limiting constraints. Further studies are warranted to optimize drug delivery and dosing in humans.

Serum Creatinine Determination: Comparison between Colorimetric (Jaffé) and Enzymatic Methods in Renal Transplant Recipients

Background: Serum creatinine is the most requested parameter in current practice in the context of functional exploration of the kidney. Its contribution to medical care is particularly decisive for kidney transplant patients. The aim of the study is to compare the colorimetric and enzymatic techniques available in our laboratory for the determination of creatinine in samples from kidney transplant patients.
 Methods: Prospective study carried out at the Biochemistry laboratory of the University Hospital Center (CHU) Ibn Rochd in Casablanca Morocco, over a period of 8 months, carried out on a series of 45 samples from kidney transplant patients who simultaneously benefited from a creatinine assay by colorimetric and enzymatic techniques. The samples were taken on dry tubes and analyzed on the Alinity ® Abbott analyzer. The statistical study of correlation was made by the SPSS software with calculation of the p-value and the coefficient of Pearson (r).
 Results: During the study period 45 samples were collected. Seventy percent of the prescriptions came from the Nephrology Department. The mean serum creatinine value by enzymatic technique was 39.04 ± 11.7 mg/l, and by colorimetric technique 38.24 ± 12.4 mg/l. The creatinine level by the two techniques was pathological in 69% of cases and normal in 31%. The correlation between the serum creatinine assay by enzymatic Versus colorimetric technique is positive with r=0.994 and P-value<0.001.
 Conclusion: According to literature, colorimetric techniques are sensitive to interference with pseudochromogenic substances, while enzymatic techniques are standardized due to their specificity and performance but remain more expensive. In our study the correlation between the two techniques was positive with a correlation equation: (y = 0.82 + 1*x). According to our results, no significant difference between the two techniques was observed in our laboratory.

Knockdown of histone deacetylase 1 in fibroblasts and pericytes prevents renal interstitial fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), one form of acute kidney failure, often occurs after cardiovascular or renal surgery where there is a decline in blood flow through the kidney. This injury causes damage to renal cells and can lead to the formation of interstitial fibrosis, which will increase the risk of chronic kidney disease. The histone deacetylases (HDAC) protein family controls the expression of genes via epigenetic regulation of deacetylating histone lysine residues. We published that within an hour of bilateral IRI, in male mice, there was an increase of HDAC1 in the epithelium and interstitial cells. Moreover, inhibition of HDAC1 prior to IRI resulted in attenuated interstitial fibrosis. Myofibroblasts secrete collagen contributing significantly to wound healing as well as the development of interstitial fibrosis and these cells are predominantly differentiated fibroblasts and pericytes. We hypothesized that the knockdown of HDAC1 in fibroblasts and pericytes will attenuate interstitial fibrosis in the kidney after IRI. Male control (HDAC1fl/fl) and iFibroblastHDAC1KO (HDAC1fl/fl, Col1A2-CreER, hemizygous mice) were used in the experiment. The mice underwent bilateral renal artery and vein clamping for 18 minutes to induce IRI or sham surgery. Acute kidney injury was confirmed by serum creatinine measurements and determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by transcutaneous FITC-sinistrin clearance 24 hours after injury. GFR was measured weekly for 4 weeks at which point the blood and kidneys were collected for analysis. Renal interstitial fibrosis was quantified by measuring the percentage coverage area of collagen stained by picrosirius red staining. 24 hours after surgery, IRI mice serum creatinine levels were greater in control mice 0.53 mg/dl ± 0.17, n = 9, and iFibHDAC1KO IRI mice 0.25 mg/dl ± 0.053, n = 10, compared to sham mice (control 0.084 mg/dl ± 0.008, n = 5, KO 0.098 mg/dl ± 0.006, n = 4, Pgenotype = 0.3, Psurgery = 0.028, Pinteraction = 0.25). This agreed with the measured GFR that was significantly reduced in the IRI mice (control IRI = 426 ul/min/100g ± 132, KO IRI = 529 ul/min/100g ± 116, Sham control = 1180 ul/min/100g ± 178, sham KO = 1188 ul/min/100g ± 156, Pgenotype = 0.71, Psurgery = 0.0003, Pinteraction = 0.75). The percentage of the collagen-positive area was significantly higher in control than in sham mice (p = 0.0011), while there was no noticeable difference (p = 0.9) between iFibHDAC1KO and sham mice (control IRI = 1.2 % ± 0.2, KO IRI = 0.47% ± 0.12, sham control = 0.35% ± 0.085, sham KO = 0.401% ± 0.073). In conclusion, HDAC1 is activated by IRI in the myofibroblast and promotes interstitial fibrosis. Funding resources: NIH NIDDK R01DK126664, UAB-UCSD O'Brien Center, and the Priya Nagar M.D. Foundation. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Staging of kidney disease today and tomorrow

Since September 2022, there is a new, German-language glossary for the nomenclature of renal function and renal disease, aligned with international technical terms and KDIGO guidelines for a more precise and uniform description of the facts. Terms such as "renal disease," "renal insufficiency," or "acute renal failure" should be avoided and replaced with "disease" or "functional impairment."The KDIGO guideline recommends in patients with CKD stage G3a, in addition to the determination of serum creatinine, the additional determination of cystatin to confirm the CKD stage. A combination of serum creatinine and cystatin C to estimate GFR without taking into account the so-called race coefficient seems to be more accurate in African Americans than the previous eGFR formulas. However, there is no recommendation on this in international guidelines yet. For Caucasians, the formula does not change.Renal function impairment lasting more than 7 days but less than 3 months is called acute kidney disease (AKD). The AKD stage is the critical time window for therapeutic interventions to reduce the risk of progression in kidney disease.A future, expanded AKI definition incorporating biomarkers will allow patients to be divided into subclasses according to functional and structural limitations, thus mapping the two-dimensionality of AKI. By using artificial intelligence, large amounts of data from clinical parameters, blood and urine samples, histopathological and molecular markers (including proteomics and metabolomics data) can be used integratively for the graduation of CKD and thus contribute significantly to individualized therapy.

Plasma Galectin-3 Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease

Assessment of renal function is based on determination of serum creatinine and creatinine-based equations to assess GFR. However, this marker is not perfect or accurate, especially for longitudinal monitoring of kidney function in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD patients). Decreased kidney function can be slowed or even anticipated with early detection, so as to avoid secondary complications. So it is important to find new biomarkers that can identify individuals at risk as early as possible. Plasma galectin-3 is a ?-galactoside-binding lectin expressed in monocytes, which plays an important role in inflammation, immunity, cancer, and is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, diabetes, renal fibrosis and asthma. Higher galectin-3 levels were associated with reduced eGFR in a cross-sectional study. Galectin-3 is essential in various biological activities including cell growth, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing, transformation, angiogenesis, inflammation, fibrosis, fibrogenesis and host defense. Galectin-3 is a stable biomarker and is not associated with age, body mass index or sex. Galectin-3 is also useful for detecting the early stages of some diseases. Galectin-3 shows no circadian variation and increases slightly after exercise, returning to normal levels after 1-3 hours. Higher concentrations of galectin-3 may be associated with CKD development, indicating the potential for new mechanisms related to galectin-3 expression that may contribute to CKD development. Galectin-3 has also been reported to play an important role in renal interstitial fibrosis. Thus, galectin-3 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent kidney disease progression.

A narrative review on laboratory investigations of serum creatinine and solutions to problems therein

Introduction: It is of utmost importance to assess renal function accurately for the proper management of renal failure. Serum creatinine level is used to calculate the creatinine clearance which is used to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and in grading different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, the accurate measurement of serum creatinine is of great importance. This review aimed to explain the different methods used in serum creatinine determination and solutions to problems in some of the methods. Methods: A narrative review was conducted with 28 articles searched through the Web searching engine Google Scholar and academic research databases using keywords creatinine, isotope dilution mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Jaffe reaction, creatinase enzyme and bilirubin. Results: There are different methods available in the determination of serum creatinine level in the medical laboratory sector including isotope dilution mass spectrometry, HPLC, Jaffe reaction and creatinase enzymatic method. Conclusion: Jaffe reaction is the most widely used method to determine serum creatinine levels worldwide. However, this method has several drawbacks and corrective methods are adopted.
 
 Keywords: Creatinine, Isotope dilution mass spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Jaffe reaction, Creatinase method, Bilirubin

Proteomics profiling of kidney brush border membrane from rats using LC-MS/MS analysis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by a reduced renal function, that is, glomerular filtration rate, and the extent of kidney damage is assessed by determining serum creatinine levels and proteins in urine, diagnosed as proteinuria/albuminuria. Albuminuria increases with age and can result from glomerular and/or proximal tubule (PT) alterations. Brush border membranes (BBMs) on PT cells are important in maintaining the stability of PT functions. An LC-MS/MS bottom-up proteomics analysis of BBMs from four groups of rat models was applied to investigate protein abundance alterations associated with CKD progression. Moreover, systems biology analyses were used to identify key proteins that can provide insight into the different regulated molecular pathways and processes associated with CKD. Our results indicated that 303 proteins showed significantly altered expressions from the severe CKD BBM group when compared to the control. Focusing on renal diseases, several proteins including Ctnnb1, Fah, and Icam1 were annotated to kidney damage and urination disorder. The up-regulation of Ctnnb1 (β-catenin) could contribute to CKD through the regulation of the WNT signaling pathway. Overall, the study of protein abundance changes in BBMs from rat models helps to reveal protein corrections with important pathways and regulator effects involved in CKD. Although this study is focused on rat models, the results provided more information for a deeper insight into possible CKD mechanisms in humans.

Correlative study on the effect of toxic paint chemicals on the hepatorenal of paint factory workers in Enugu, Nigeria

Objective: Some chemical components of paint have been classified as toxigenic and carcinogenic to human health. The liver and kidney function markers have been found useful in assessing toxic effect of substances. This study assessed the liver and kidney function parameters of paint factory workers in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and forty apparently healthy men, aged (21-40 years), were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Eighty paint factory workers (PFW) as test subjects and sixty non-paint factory workers (NPFW) as controls. Blood samples were collected from participants for the determination of serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), conjugated and total bilirubin using standard methods. Data were analysed using SPSS computer software version 22. Results: The results showed that mean serum level of AST, ALP, Sodium and Chloride were significantly higher in PFW compared to NPFW (P< 0.05). Workers use of personal protective equipment were hand gloves (20%), goggles (7.5%), safety boots (52.5%), dust masks (20%), factory gown (36.25%). Self-reported occupational health problems amongst the PFW was also evaluated, and headache had the highest percentage (68.75%), followed by eye irritation (60%), skin irritation (56.25%), dizziness (23.75%), sleep disorder (20%), anxiety (12.5%), memory loss (0%). Conclusion: This study shows that occupational exposure of humans to volatile organic compounds and heavy metals in paints may have long term deleterious effects on liver, kidney or brain function in paint factory workers.

Three-step post-synthetic modification metal-organic framework as a ratiometric fluorescent probe for the detection of creatinine

Creatinine (Cre) measurement in biological fluids is an increasingly important clinical measure for evaluating renal insufficiency, thyroid dysfunction, and muscle injury. Therefore, a simple, fast, and reliable Cre analysis method is of great significance to human health. Herein, a novel ratiometric fluorescence sensor, Ag-Eu-MOF-808-EDTA, was synthesized by introducing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Ag + , and Eu 3+ into the framework of MOF-808 through three steps of post-synthesis modification, and was used to detect Cre in PBS buffer of pH 7.2 at 35 °C with a “turn-on” ratio response in the presence of various interfering ions and several biomolecules. In this strategy, the characteristic emission of Eu 3+ at 551 nm can be turned on due to coordination between Cre and Ag + , while emission at 613 nm is independent of Cre, which produces a significant ratio response change throughout the cycle. Experimental results showed that the ratio fluorescence sensor displayed a wide linear range for Cre from 0.5 to 350 μM with a low detection limit of 0.42 μM. Finally, a good recovery rate (96.7–102.9%) and appropriate relative standard deviation (RSD <2.39%, n = 3) were obtained during the determination of creatinine in real urine and serum. This work provides additional insights into the detection of creatinine in clinical blood samples. • Ag-Eu-MOF-808-EDTA was prepared by three-step post-synthetic modification. • The material was used for a ratiometric fluorescence sensing of creatinine. • The ratiometric sensor showed a wide linear range and low detection limit for Cre.

Results of a community-based screening programme for chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors, (obesity, diabetes and hypertension) in a Samoan cohort

ObjectivesIn 2019, under the World Kidney Day theme of ‘Kidney health for everyone everywhere’, the National Kidney Foundation of Samoa undertook an extensive community screening campaign to detect the estimated...

Chronic kidney disease and associated factors among adult population in Southwest Ethiopia.

In Ethiopia, data on the burden and determinants of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population is limited. This community-based study was conducted to assess the burden and associated factors of CKD among adults in Southwest Ethiopia. The study was conducted from August 23, 2018-October 16, 2018. Study participants were selected using a random sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant data. Blood pressure and anthropometric indices were measured following standard procedures. About 5 ml of urine sample was collected and the dipstick test was performed immediately. A blood sample of 3-5ml was collected for serum creatinine and blood glucose level determination. The three commonest estimators of glomerular filtration rate and the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative were used to define and stage CKD. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Multivariable logistic regression was employed and p-value <0.05 was used to indicate statistically significant results. A total of 326 participants with a mean age of 39.9(SD±11.2) years were enrolled in the study. The proportions of female participants (59.8%) were relatively higher than male participants (40.2%). The mean eGFR using CKD-EPI, CG and MDRD was 124.34 (SD±23.8) mL/min/1.73m2, 110.67(SD±33.0) mL/min/1.73m2 and 131.29 (SD±32.5) mL/min/1.73m2 respectively. The prevalence of CKD was 7.4% using CKD-EPI & MDRD and 8% using CG. Similar finding using CKD-EPI & MDRD may indicate that either CKD-EPI or MDRD can be used to estimate GFR in this study area. In the age and sex-adjusted logistic regression model, hypertension was significantly associated with CKD using CKD-EPI & MDRD and age ≥40 years old was significantly associated with CKD using CG. Behavioral characteristics and other traditional risk factors were not significantly associated with CKD in the current study. The prevalence of CKD was high in the study area. Only hypertension and age ≥40 years old were significantly associated with CKD. More of the increased prevalence of CKD in the current study remained unexplained and deserves further study.

Preoperative Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and the Risk of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients With Diabetes and Pre-diabetes Undergoing Coronary Arteriography or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing coronary arteriography/percutaneous coronary intervention (CAG/PCI). We evaluated whether preoperative fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients who underwent CAG/PCI influenced the occurrence of CIN. From June 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021, 687 patients were divided into five groups based on their preoperative FBG levels. Blood samples were collected at admission and at 48hours and 72hours after the procedure to determine serum creatinine levels. The P value for trend was used to analyze the trend between preoperative FBG levels and the increased risk of CIN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to exclude the influence of confounding factors, and some high-risk confounders were selected for subgroup analysis. The results of our cross-sectional study show that elevated preoperative FBG levels are independently associated with the risk of CIN in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients undergoing CAG/PCI. Furthermore, the incidence of CIN gradually increases with the rise in preoperative FBG levels. Patients with elevated preoperative FBG at admission should be carefully monitored and more active measures should be taken to prevent CIN.

Značaj nefroprotektivnog efekta sartana u terapiji hipertenzije

Arterial hypertension can be both a cause and a consequence of renal dysfunction. Assessment of the existence of impaired renal function, determination of serum creatinine and urate, as well as the ratio of albumin and creatinine in urine, is an integral part of the diagnostic algorithm for patients with arterial hypertension. The main postulates for the treatment of hypertension in patients with renal dysfunction, regardless of the presence of diabetes mellitus, include good control of blood pressure and reduction of proteinuria. Attenuation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor type 1 blockers (sartans) slows renal impairment in diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy. However, their simultaneous use is contraindicated, because it does not lead to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, and increases the risk of hypotension, hyperkalemia and adverse renal outcomes. In this review article, we summarize in a practical way the most important aspects of early detection and treatment of renal damage in patients with hypertension, with special emphasis on the importance of nephroprotective effects of sartan.

Methods to improve the accuracy of spectrophotometer determination of serum creatinine

In order to solve a series of problems that affect the accuracy of spectral quantitative analysis of complex solution components, based on the “M + N” theory, this paper proposes a system for quantitative analysis of serum components by spectroscopy. At the same time, feasible methods are used in each step of the system to effectively reduce the influence of noise and interference factors, and obtain the spectral signal of serum components with high signal-to-noise ratio, so that the model has good prediction performance. In this paper, serum creatinine was taken as the research object. This paper collects multi-location and multi-mode spectral data, and uses the wavelength elimination method to optimize the wavelength to avoid over-fitting, then, based on PLS modeling, the cubic fitting is used to optimize the model, so as to reduce the influence of spectral nonlinearity caused by the scattering characteristics of solution components. After using the above methods, the prediction ability and robustness of the model are improved. Compared with the results without these methods, the correlation coefficient of creatinine concentration of all samples predicted by the model established by using the reasonable methods is increased by 32.43%, and the root mean square error is reduced by 53.61%. The above experiments show that this article combines multi-mode spectrum, the wavelength variable optimization method, the cubic equation optimization model method and other methods to quantitatively analyze the complex solution components based on the spectrum, which can improve the accuracy and robustness of the results.

Association between plasma endothelial microparticles and contrast-induced nephropathy in patients underwent coronary angiography.

We aim to investigate the association between plasma endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and contrast-induced nephropathy of patients underwent coronary angiography.The patients were divided into normal renal function group and renal dysfunction group based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Among the 180 cases, 117 received determination of EMP and serum creatinine after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and/or coronary angiography. The patients were divided into contrast-induced-nephropathy (CIN) group and non-CIN group. EMPs collection and determination were performed, together with biochemical analysis and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) analysis.Spearman correlation showed that the expression of EMP was negatively correlated with eGFR (r = –0.201, P < .01). The serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), cystatin C (Cys-C), uric acid (UA) were significantly higher in CIN group than that in the non CIN group. Spearman correlation showed that the expression of EMP was positively correlated with serum interleukin-6 (IL-6, r = 0.393, P < .01). The expression of EMP was positively correlated with serum hs-CRP (r = 0.360, P < .01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), eGFR, UA, and Cys-C were correlated with the incidence of contrast induced nephropathy.In patients with contrast-induced-nephropathy, the plasma EMPs were significantly increased after coronary angiography. The expression of plasma EMPs may play a role in the occurrence of contrast-induced-nephropathy.

Molecularly imprinted polymer capped near infrared fluorescent emitting Ag2S-functionalized-COOH quantum dots for detection of creatinine as a nanosensor with high sensitivity and selectivity

Maintaining creatinine at high and low level is critical because it causes so many problems such as diabetic nephropathy, muscular dystrophy, renal failure, and urinary tract blocking. In this study, a high-performance near-infrared fluorescent Ag2S-functionalized-COOH quantum dots (QDs) capped with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was developed (Ag2S@MIP) and used as a facile selective and sensitive detector for creatinine. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker and creatinine as template molecules was used to prepare Ag2S@MIP fluorescent nanoparticles (∼42 nm) of the core-shell structure and by grafting methacrylic acid monomer on the surface of methacrylate-functionalized Ag2S QDs using suspension polymerization.The Ag2S@MIP nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by FESEM, FT-IR, DLS, TGA, XRD, and EDS. The Ag2S@MIP nanoparticles displayed a fluorescence emission band at ∼834 nm and quenched strongly upon the addition of creatinine. The adsorption of creatinine at various experimental conditions such as fluorescent emission, selectivity, adsorption/desorption processes, and reusability of Ag2S@MIP was measured. The outstanding adsorption capacity (∼492 mg/g) and the selectivity factor of Ag2S@MIP give a promising sensor for the detection and determination of creatinine in the human serum.