Reliable Determination Research Articles

Аналіз впливу похибок вимірювання на абсолютні похибки експериментального визначення ККД вентилятора

The subject of research in this article is the experimental determination of the characteristics of fans of turbofan engines with a high and ultra-high bypass ratio. Increasing the efficiency of fans of engines of the specified class requires solving many complex interrelated problems, one of which is the determination of characteristics based on test results. The goal is to substantiate the need to use a method based on the determination of torque and the formation of requirements for the accuracy of its measurement. Tasks: clarification of previously obtained relationships between measurement errors and accuracy of determination of efficiency and air flow, formation of universal dependencies that allow analysis of absolute errors of determination of efficiency of any fan or compressor based on known measurement errors, analysis of the accuracy of alternative methods of organization of measurements and calculations the specified parameters, a comparative study of the specified methods and the formation of recommendations for their practical use on the example of the characteristics of a real fan. The following results have been obtained: the formulas that relate the absolute errors of calculating the efficiency and air flow with the absolute errors of the measured parameters (mathematical models of errors) have been clarified, as well as the requirements for the accuracy of the torque measurement necessary to determine the efficiency with the specified accuracy have been specified. The scientific and practical novelty of the results obtained is as follows: the mathematical models of errors in determining the efficiency and air flow in the fan have been clarified, which connect the errors of the calculation results with the errors of the measured parameters, because of the use of these models, experimental methods of determining the characteristics of compressors and fans have been developed; for the first time, the distribution of errors in the entire area of determining the characteristics of a specific fan was analyzed in detail. It is shown that the errors in determining the efficiency of the fan depend significantly on the degree of pressure increase and air flow. At small values of these parameters, the errors increase significantly. In the area of low engine operating modes (close to the area of the low air consumption), the errors in determining the efficiency based on the processing of the measurement results are so large that a reliable determination of the efficiency becomes practically impossible without the involvement of additional information, which can be used as the calculated characteristics of the fan, and as well as the mathematical model of the engine and the results of measuring parameters of the work process in other nodes, except for the fan itself.

Target Recognition Initiated Self-Assembly-Based Signal Amplification Strategy for Sensitive and Colorimetric Staphylococcus aureus Detection and Diagnosis of Skin Infection.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), as a Gram-positive bacterium, is commonly encountered in various infectious diseases, such as acute skin and soft tissue infections. Despite that many efforts have been made, sensitive and reliable quantitative determination of S. aureus remains a huge challenge. Here, we depict a novel colorimetric approach for sensitive and accurate detection by combining allosteric probe-based target recognition and chain extension-based dual signal recycling. The single-strand DNA (ssDNA) products generated by the chain extension process lead to the liberation of G-quadruplex sequences, which can fold into active DNAzyme under the assistance of hemin. The active DNAzyme can work as peroxidase mimics to catalyze the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS2-)-H2O2 system, causing the color change of the system. Eventually, the method exhibits a wide detection range from 103cfu/mL to 106cfu/mL. The limit of detection of the approach was determined 232cfu/mL. Considering the robust capability of the approach in S. aureus detection, we believe that it will be a potential alternative tool for biomedical research and clinical molecular diagnostics.

Best Procedures for Leaf and Stem Water Potential Measurements in Grapevine: Cultivar and Water Status Matter.

The pressure chamber is the most used tool for plant water status monitoring. However, species/cultivar and seasonal effects on protocols for reliable water potential determination have not been properly tested. In four grapevine cultivars and two times of the season (early season, Es; late season, Ls, under moderate drought), we assessed the maximum sample storage time before leaf water potential (Ψleaf) measurements and the minimum equilibration time for stem water potential (Ψstem) determination, taking 24 h leaf cover as control. In 'Pinot gris', Ψleaf already decreased after 1 h leaf storage in both campaigns, dropping by 0.4/0.5 MPa after 3 h, while in 'Refosk', it decreased by 0.1 MPa after 1 and 2 h in Es and Ls, respectively. In 'Merlot' and 'Merlot Kanthus', even 3 h storage did not affect Ψleaf. In Es, the minimum Ψstem equilibration was 1 h for 'Refošk' and 10 min for 'Pinot gris' and 'Merlot'. In Ls, 'Merlot Kanthus' required more than 2 h equilibration, while 1 h to 10 min was sufficient for the other cultivars. The observed cultivar and seasonal differences indicate that the proposed tests should be routinely performed prior to experiments to define ad hoc procedures for water status determination.

A comparison of Jason-2 plasmasphere electron content measurements with ground-based measurements

Abstract. Previous studies utilizing the Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers aboard Jason satellites have performed measurements of plasmasphere electron content (PEC) by determining the total electron content (TEC) above these satellites, which are at altitudes of about 1340 km. This study uses similar methods to determine PEC for the Jason-2 receiver for 24 July 2011. These PEC values are compared to previous determinations of PEC from a chain of ground-based GPS receivers in Africa using the SCORPION method, with a nominal ionosphere–plasmasphere boundary at 1000 km. The Jason-2 PECs with elevations greater than 60∘ were converted to equivalent vertical PEC and compared to SCORPION vertical PEC determinations. In addition, slant (off-vertical) PECs from Jason-2 were compared to a small set of nearly co-aligned ground-based slant PECs. The latter comparison avoids any conversion of Jason-2 slant PEC to equivalent vertical PEC, and it can be considered a more representative comparison. The mean difference between the vertical PEC (ground-based minus Jason-2 measurements) values is 0.82 ± 0.28 TEC units (1 TEC unit=1016 electrons m−2). Similarly, the mean difference between slant PEC values is 0.168 ± 0.924 TEC units. The Jason-2 slant PEC comparison method may provide a reliable determination for the plasmasphere baseline value for the ground-based receivers, especially if the ground stations are confined to only midlatitude or low-latitude regions, which can be affected by a non-negligible PEC baseline.

Field experiments: How well can seismic monitoring assess rock mass falling?

Rockfall tracking and mass estimation are critical for effective hazard response. While seismic techniques have been applied to the field, systematic analysis remains lacking. In this study, we conducted rockfall experiments using seismic networks to investigate tracking and mass estimation issues. Two methods, time-based and amplitude-based source location methods, were used to identify initial rock-ground impact points. The high-fitness areas (>0.95) overlapping between the two methods showed a location error of <8.7 m for initial rock-ground impact points. However, the combined methods could not track bounce points on the slope. To address the limitation, we further defined a seismic energy ratio, a ratio between target and reference stations. When a reference station was far away from rockfall, the rising or decreasing of high-frequency (70–99 Hz) seismic energy ratios reflected the rock approaching or departing from the target station, respectively. Additionally, the peak low-frequency (1–40 Hz) seismic energy ratio of ground stations indicated the timing of the initial rock-ground impact. Successful implementation of these methods depends on optimal station distribution. The study recommends that different source-to-station distances with triangular station geometry and stations at different elevations provide a reliable location determination and straightforward rockfall tracking. Furthermore, the lowest frequency(fL) satisfied the power spectral threshold of −100 dB during the rockfall moving process correlated with the rock mass(M), M = 38,989FL-2.03 with R2 of 0.62. The relation was practical for estimating rockfalls' mass for future monitoring in the same slope. Our experiments demonstrate that this seismic technique can effectively assist in rockfall assessment.

Complementary use of thermogravimetric analysis and oven to assess the composition and bound CO2 content of recycled concrete aggregates

The carbonation of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) has emerged as a possible significant carbon sink to mitigate the increase of CO2 concentration in atmosphere and global warming. A reliable determination of bound CO2 content is thus needed to optimize carbonation processes but there is no real consensus on the existing quantification methods, mainly based on thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate. With the aim of developing a relevant quantification method of bound CO2 during the carbonation of RCA, an experimental study based on the combination of two main techniques – thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and high-temperature oven – was performed at different scales: paste, mortar, and concrete. XRD analyses allowed highlighting the overlaps between the decomposition of portlandite and calcium carbonate polymorphs during linearly increasing temperatures. Oven and TGA with isothermal steps were found to provide consistent and complementary data on RCA composition and their bound CO2 content from initially dried specimens.

Impact of body mass index on disease progression and outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well defined. This study aimed to assess the presentations, outcomes, and development of liver-related events (LREs) and non-LREs in patients with NAFLD stratified by BMI. Records of NAFLD patients from 2000-2022 were reviewed. Patients were categorized as lean (18.5-22.9kg/m2), overweight (23-24.9kg/m2), and obese (>25kg/m2) based on BMI. Stage of steatosis, fibrosis, and NAFLD activity score were noted in the patients undergoing liver biopsy in each group. Out of 1051 NAFLD patients, 127 (12.1%) had normal BMI, 177 (16.8%) and 747 (71.1%) were overweight and obese, respectively. Median [interquartile range] BMI was 21.9 [20.6-22.5], 24.2 [23.7-24.6], and 28.3 [26.6-30.6] kg/m2 in each group, respectively. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in the obese. Obese patients had significantly higher median [interquartile range] liver stiffness (6.4 [4.9-9.4] kPa) than overweight and lean subjects. A higher proportion of obese patients had significant and advanced liver fibrosis. At follow-up, there were no significant differences in the progression of liver disease, new LREs, coronary artery disease, or hypertension across the BMI groups. Overweight and obese patients were more likely to develop new-onset diabetes by follow-up. The mortality rates in the three groups were comparable (0.47, 0.68, and 0.49 per 100 person-years, respectively), with similar causes of death (liver-related vs non-liver-related). Patients with lean NAFLD have similar disease severity and rates of progression as the obese. BMI is not a reliable determinant of outcomes in NAFLD patients.

Sensitive and Label-Free Colorimetric Detection of Glyphosate Based on the Suppression Peroxidase-Mimicking Activity of Cu(II) Ions.

The sensitive and accurate determination of glyphosate (Glyp) is urgently demanded because it is closely correlated with human health and environmental safety. In this work, we proposed a sensitive and convenient colorimetric assay by employing copper ion peroxidases for the detection of Glyp in the environment. Free Cu(II) ions displayed high peroxidase activity and can catalytically oxidize the colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into blue oxTMB, resulting in an obviously visible discoloration reaction. Once the Glyp is added, the ability of copper ions to mimic peroxidase can be largely suppressed because of the generation of Glyp-Cu2+ chelate. The favorable selectivity and sensitivity were demonstrated in the colorimetric analysis of Glyp. Furthermore, this rapid and sensitive method was successfully applied in the accurate and reliable determination of glyphosate in the real sample, holding promising applications in pesticide determination in the environment.

Pollen characteristics used in determination and systematics of Quercus (Fagaceae): new data and verification of previous concepts

Abstract Quercus (oaks) is a large and important genus of woody angiosperms occurring in a wide range of environments and often occupying a dominant position in temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere or being a minor component in some subtropical and tropical forests. A reliable determination of fossil dispersed oak pollen requires combined light, scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies and relevant comparative data on extant oak species. We provide SEM and TEM data on 22 extant Quercus spp., representing all sections of the genus. The main objectives of our study were to clarify the nature of the so-called geniculus, a characteristic equatorial bulge in the exine of the colpus found in many oak species, and to test previous hypotheses about the structural basic units of the exine in Quercus. Our ontogenetic study and oxidative experiment involving several Quercus spp. and one Trigonobalanus sp. resulted in a more accurate interpretation of the nature of the geniculus and exine elements, their different developmental states and, therefore, their more reliable application in the systematics and evolution of the genus Quercus and Fagaceae in general.

Preoperative estimation of humerus intramedullary nail length using clinical landmarks

PurposeIntramedullary interlocking nailing is one of the accepted methods of treating humerus diaphyseal fractures. Appropriate nail length and diameter are of paramount importance to achieve a stable fracture fixation. Estimating the nail length can be as challenging in certain cases as it is important. This study aims to provide an easy-to-use formula utilizing clinical measurements from contra lateral arm to accurately estimate humeral nail length. MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at 3 tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore, India. Patients above the age of 18 years coming to the outpatient department with elbow, shoulder or arm complaints requiring radiological investigation from July 2021 to July 2022 were included. Patients with fractures or dislocations of upper limbs, malunited or non-united fractures of upper limbs, congenital or developmental deformities and patients with open growth plates were excluded. Patients’ variables (like age and gender), radiological humerus length and contralateral arm clinical measurements were recorded. An independent samples t-test was used for univariate analysis, and linear regression analysis was done to estimate the desired nail length using the clinical measurement of the humerus (cm) in both genders separately. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. ResultsOur study included 204 participants of which 108 were male and 96 were female. The formula for predicting humeral nail length in males is (−2.029) + (0.883 × clinical measurement). The formula for females is 1.862 + (0.741 × clinical measurement). A simplified formula to determine humeral nail length is 0.9 clinical length – 2 cm (in males) and 0.7 × clinical length + 2 cm (in females). ConclusionTo improve the stability of fixation with intramedullary nails it is imperative to select the appropriate nail length. There have been studies that devised reliable methods of determining nail lengths in the tibia and femur using preoperative clinical measurements. A similar clinical method of determining humeral nail length is lacking in the literature. Our study was able to correlate radiological lengths of the humerus medullary canal with clinical measurements performed using anatomical landmarks to arrive at a formula. This allows for a reliable and easy nail length determination preoperatively.

Chord mu and chord alpha as postoperative predictors in multifocal intraocular lens implantation.

With the aging population, the prevalence of presbyopia and the popularity of multifocal intraocular lenses is also growing worldwide. Unfortunately, in some cases, they are still associated with postoperative visual disturbances. Recent literature started to evaluate angle kappa- and angle alpha-derived metrics of chord mu and chord alpha as possible predictive values for visual outcomes after multifocal intraocular lens implantation but the published results are inconsistent between studies. Thus, this article aims to review the role of chord mu and chord alpha as postoperative predictors after multifocal intraocular lens implantation and lay the foundation for further research. Relevant articles were identified using the following keywords: "presbyopia," "multifocal intraocular lens," "angle kappa," "angle alpha," "Chord mu," and "Chord alpha" up to June 2022. An attempt was made to present the majority of publications that addressed the topic. Chord mu and chord alpha have a predictive role on the outcomes after multifocal intraocular lens implantation but to a different extent. Cataract surgeons should take them into consideration and avoid implanting a multifocal intraocular lens for patients with speculated critical values of chord mu and alpha above 0.5-0.6mm, depending on the device used for measurement and the multifocal intraocular lens implanted. Currently, chord alpha seems to be a more stable, more widely applicable, and reliable determinant in predicting postoperative outcomes and in patient selection prior to multifocal intraocular lens implantation when compared to chord mu. To draw conclusions on the topic, a controlled study is needed.

Growth of κ-([Al,In]xGa1-x)2O3 Quantum Wells and Their Potential for Quantum-Well Infrared Photodetectors.

The wide band gap semiconductor κ-Ga2O3 and its aluminum and indium alloys have been proposed as promising materials for many applications. One of them is the use of inter-sub-band transitions in quantum-well (QW) systems for infrared detectors. Our simulations show that the detection wavelength range of nowadays state of the art GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) could be substantially excelled with about 1-100 μm using κ-([Al,In]xGa1-x)2O3, while at the same time being transparent to visible light and therefore insensitive to photon noise due to its wide band gap, demonstrating the application potential of this material system. Our simulations further show that the QWIPs efficiency critically depends on the QW thickness, making a precise control over the thickness during growth and a reliable thickness determination essential. We demonstrate that pulsed laser deposition yields the needed accuracy, by analyzing a series of (InxGa1-x)2O3 QWs with (AlyGa1-y)2O3 barriers with high-resolution X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). While the superlattice fringes of high-resolution X-ray diffraction only yield an average combined thickness of the QWs and the barrier and X-ray spectroscopy depth profiling requires elaborated modeling of the XPS signal to accurately determine the thickness of such QWs, TEM is the method of choice when it comes to the determination of QW thicknesses.

Fault branch determination method based on the amplitude information of the first wave head of the initial traveling wave of the fault

In order to solve the difficult problem of fault branch determination in multi-branch distribution networks, the transmission characteristics of fault traveling waves in the distribution line are analyzed. The variation law of fault traveling wave amplitude with fault distance and frequency is deduced theoretically, and the reasons for the difficult determination of fault branch in the distribution line are revealed. A fault branch determination method based on the energy spectral density of the amplitude of the first wave head of the fault initial traveling wave is proposed. The reference node and the reference end of distribution networks are defined. The ratio of the intrinsic amplitude matrix to the real fault matrix before offline is calculated. The fault branch determination matrix is established to realize the reliable determination of the fault branch. PSCAD is used to build a 10 kV multi-dominant network model to simulate various fault conditions to verify the fault branch determination method. The simulation results show that the method can effectively identify the fault branch and has strong reliability.

A Large-Scale Application of the Stochastic Approach for Estimating the Shear Strength of Natural Rock Discontinuities

Reliable shear strength determination of large in situ discontinuities is still a challenge faced by the rock mechanics field. This is principally due to the limited availability of surface roughness and morphology information of in situ discontinuities and the unresolved management of the ‘scale effect’ phenomenon. Recently, a stochastic approach for predicting the shear strength of large-scale discontinuities was established, encompassing random field theory, a semi-analytical shear strength model, and a stochastic analysis framework. A key aspect of the new approach is the application at field scale, thereby minimising or bypassing the scale effect. The approach has been validated at laboratory scale and an initial large-scale deterministic-based validation showed promising results. However, to date, no large-scale experimental-based validation has been undertaken. This paper presents the first rigorous application of the employed semi-analytical shear strength model and the stochastic approach on a 2 m-by-2 m discontinuity surface, with comparison of prediction to experimental shear strength data. The shear strength model was found to generally produce peak and residual predictions within a ± 10% relative error range, with good agreement between predicted and observed damage areas. It was observed that, applying the stochastic approach to seed traces with gradient statistics equivalent to that of the surface, produced predictions that closely resemble the experimental results. Whereas, predicting shear strength from different seed traces results in more variability of predictions, with many falling within ± 20% of the experimental data. The predictions of residual shear strength tended to be more accurate than peak shear strength.

Multiclass determination of drug residues in water and fish for bioaccumulation potential assessment

In this work, a wide-scope liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantitative determination of environmental levels of multiclass drugs and their metabolites in water and fish samples was developed. The method allowed the reliable determination of 44 drugs, covering a rather wide range of chemistries and physicochemical characteristics. In order to obtain a reliable and robust analytical protocol, different combinations of extraction and cleanup techniques were systematically examined. Aqueous samples were extracted using a simple Oasis HLB SPE enrichment protocol with pH-optimized sample percolation (pH 3). The extraction of cryo-homogenized biota samples was performed using double extraction with MeOH basified with 0.5% NH3, which allowed high extraction recoveries for all target analytes. The problem of the coextracted lipid matrix, which is known to be the key obstacle for reliable biota analysis, was systematically examined in a series of model cleanup experiments. A combination of cryo-precipitation, filtration, and HLB SPE cleanup was proposed as a protocol, which allowed reliable and robust analysis of all target compounds at low ng/g levels. At the final conditions, the method which was validated at three concentration levels showed high extraction recoveries (68–97%), acceptable matrix effects (12 to −32%), accuracies (81–129%), and reproducibilities (3–32%) for all analytes. The developed method was used to determine drug concentrations in river water and in feral freshwater fish, including whole fish and muscle tissue, from the Sava River (Croatia), in order to estimate their corresponding bioaccumulation potential. With respect to bioaccumulation potential in whole fish and fish muscle, the most relevant drugs were lisinopril, sertraline, terbinafine, torsemide, diazepam, desloratadine, and loratadine with estimated bioaccumulation factors ranging from 20 to 838 and from 1 to 431, respectively.

Molybdenum is not a risk factor for changes in serum testosterone

Molybdenum is a bio-essential trace nutrient, and elevated urinary molybdenum has been implicated as correlating with lower testosterone levels in men. To properly address the contention that molybdenum constitutes a potential health risk factor, we reviewed statistical research findings on molybdenum exposure and somatic levels in humans in a biological plausibility context, which is an indispensable component of reliable risk factor determination. Our analysis applied advanced nonparametric statistical modeling that expands linear regressions to include more potential variables and common confounders. The analysis shows that previously published negative molybdenum-testosterone associations no longer retain statistical relevance. In place of molybdenum as a stressor responsible for lowered testosterone levels, body mass index, age, related hormone variability, and underlying global downward trends in testosterone are shown to be the factors responsible for this effect.

TLC-Freeze SERS: APowerful Tool for Monitoring Synthetic Reactions.

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is widely used to confirm the formation of the target compound in chemical synthesis. The key issue in TLC is spot identification relying on retention factors. Coupling of TLC with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which gives direct molecular information, is a possible choice, to overcome this challenge. However, interference from the stationary phase and impurities on the nanoparticles added for SERS measurements significantly degrades TLC-SERS efficiency. We have found that freezing effectively eliminates such interferences and dramatically improves the performance of TLC-SERS. This study shows that TLC-freeze SERS is a powerful tool for monitoring essential organic reactions. This method can identify the product and side-products of similar structures, detect compounds with high sensitivity, and provide information of quantities that allows the reliable determination of the reaction time based on kinetic analysis.

A Deep Learning Approach to Extracting Nuclear Matter Properties from Neutron Star Observations

Understanding the equation of state of dense neutron-rich matter remains a major challenge in modern physics and astrophysics. Neutron star observations from electromagnetic and gravitational wave spectra provide critical insights into the behavior of dense neutron-rich matter. The next generation of telescopes and gravitational wave detectors will offer even more detailed neutron-star observations. Employing deep learning techniques to map neutron star mass and radius observations to the equation of state allows for its accurate and reliable determination. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using deep learning to extract the equation of state directly from observations of neutron stars, and to also obtain related nuclear matter properties such as the slope, curvature, and skewness of nuclear symmetry energy at saturation density. Most importantly, it shows that this deep learning approach is able to reconstruct realistic equations of state and deduce realistic nuclear matter properties. This highlights the potential of artificial neural networks in providing a reliable and efficient means to extract crucial information about the equation of state and related properties of dense neutron-rich matter in the era of multi-messenger astrophysics.

Rapid determination of acetaminophen in plasma by LC-MS/MS

Objective: To establish a method for the rapid determination of acetaminophen (APAP) in human plasma by LC-MS/MS. Methods: The plasma samples were extracted by methanol and acetonitrile (1: 1) and purified directly. C(18) column was used for sample separation. The mobile phase were methanol (5 mmol/L ammonium acetate) and water (5 mmol/L ammonium acetate). Samples were analyzed by LC MS/MS with the electrospray ionization multi reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Results: The calibration curves of APAP was linear in the concentration range of 0~10 mg/L, the correlation coefficient (r) was greater than 0.999 0. The relative standard deviation within and between batches was less than 10%. The recovery rate were 96.81%~101.7%. The detection limit of the method was 0.1 μg/L and the lower limit of quantification was 0.3 μg/L. Conclusion: This method has strong specificity, high sensitivity and reliable determination results. It is suitable for the rapid analysis of clinical plasma samples.

An enhanced approach for targeted multi-residue screening of pesticides in complex herbal medicines by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem ion mobility/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Recently, serious concerns have been raised about potential safety risk posed by exogenous pesticide contaminants in herbal medicines. It is highly desirable to have reliable detection and determination of suspected pesticide residues for understanding of their overall quality. However, inherent metabolites abundant in herbal medicines typically make screening of trace-level pesticide residues arduous. Taking Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) as an example, the current study investigated the capability of a three-dimensional separation system, ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem ion mobility/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IM/Q-TOF MS), for qualitative detection of numerous pesticides when suffering from complex matrix interferences. The comparison of collision gases was first performed to improve unwanted dissociations of pesticides, particularly labile ones, and nitrogen was ultimately chosen instead of argon. Further optimization of key MS parameters resulted a data-independent high-definition MSE (HDMSE) method was developed. Then, an in-house pesticide scientific library (PSL) containing 438 pesticides was constructed following a four-step workflow. Based on multi-dimensional information in this library, different identification criteria were compared and an enhanced qualitative screening approach for 432 targeted pesticides was finally proposed and validated. By its application to 104 batches of LJFs, the approach was demonstrated effective in resolving complex matrix interferences. Moreover, collision cross section (CCS) for identification purpose was favorable to improve detection sensitivity while maintain ideal accuracy.