Determination Of Promethazine Hydrochloride Research Articles

Spectrophotometric Determination of Promethazine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation by Oxidative Coupling.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Promethazine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation by Oxidative Coupling.

Electrochemical Sensor Based on Multiwall Carbon Nanotube-Paste Electrode for Determination of Promethazine in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Blood Plasma

A multi-walled carbon nanotube modified paste electrode (MWCN-PE) was used for determination of promethazine (PMZ) in drug formulations and blood plasma by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. Results revealed that the MWCN-PE shows an electrocatalytic activity toward the anodic oxidation of PMZ by a marked enhancement in the current response in buffered solution at pH 5.0. At the MWCN/CPE, the anodic peak potential of PMZ was shifted by 28.0 mV to more negative potential in comparison with bare carbon paste electrode. The detection limit for this method was 0.025 µmol L-1. Results indicated that the modified electrode could be employed for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations and plasma samples.

Determination of Promethazine Hydrochloride with Palladium(II) and Na2WO4 by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering and Resonance Nonlinear Scattering Spectra

ABSTRACT In a weak acidic medium, promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ) reacted with Pd(II) to form 2:1 cationic chelate ([Pd(PMZ)2]2+), it further reacted with Na2WO4 by virtue of electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic force to form 1:1 ternary ion-association complex ([Pd(PMZ)2] · ()), which can result in the large-scale enhancement of the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS), second-order scattering (SOS) and frequency doubling scattering (FDS). The maximum RRS, SOS and FDS peaks of [Pd(PMZ)2] · were located at 310 nm, 570 nm and 391 nm, respectively, and the enhancements of scattering were proportional to the concentration of PMZ in the range of 0.0081–2.6 µg mL−1 (RRS method), 0.02–3.0 µg mL−1 (SOS method) and 0.08–2.6 µg mL−1 (FDS method). Above three methods' detection limits (3σ) were 2.1 ng mL−1, 4.4 ng mL−1 and 6.6 ng mL−1 respectively. Using Pd(II) and Na2WO4 as probe, we have developed three new, sensitive, and rapid methods for the determination of PMZ. The RRS method was applied in the determination of PMZ in the pharmaceutical form with satisfactory results. In this work, the optimal reaction conditions and the influences of coexisting substances were investigated, the composition of ion-association complex and the reaction mechanism were also discussed by the RRS method.

Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS method for the determination of Promethazine hydrochloride in human plasma and urine

We developed and validated a sensitive and low sample volume liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) method for determination of Promethazine hydrochloride in human plasma (0.5 ml) or urine (0.1 ml). The lower limit of quantification in human plasma and urine was 1.00 ng/ml. The inter- and intra-day precisions (CV %) in both plasma and urine were lower than 10%, the mean method accuracies and recoveries from spiked plasma samples at three concentrations were more than 97%. The developed method was successfully applied to determine Promethazine hydrochloride in human plasma and urine, and proved suitable to clinical pharmacokinetic study.

Spectrophotometric determination of some phenothiazine drugs using chloramine-T-iodine-starch

A simple, accurate, and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride (PMH), prochlorperazine maleate (PCPM), trifluoperazine hydrochloride (TFPH), trimeperazine tartrate (TMT), fluphenazine dihydrochloride (FH), and trifluopromazine hydrochloride (TPH) is described. The method is based on the oxidation of the studied drugs by a known excess of chloramine-T in a hydrochloric acid medium and subsequent determination of the unreacted oxidant by interacting it with iodide in the same acid medium. Liberated iodine subsequently reacts with starch to form a stable starch-iodine complex. The reacted oxidant corresponds to the drug content. The colored complex exhibits a maximum absorption at 590 nm. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity values are in the range 4.07 × 104 − 1.18 × 105 L/mol cm and 45.00−95.00 ng/cm2, respectively. The proposed method has been applied to the assay of phenothiazine drugs in pure and dosage forms. The reliability of the analysis was established using parallel determination by the reference method.

Individual and simultaneous determinations of phenothiazine drugs using PCR, PLS and (OSC)-PLS multivariate calibration methods

Individual and simultaneous determinations of some phenothiazine drugs are described. The individual determination method is based on the reaction of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPH), promethazine hydrochloride (PH), trifluoperazine hydrochloride (TFPH), trimipramine maleate (TPM) and thioridazine hydrochloride (TRDH) with complex of [Fe(Bpy)3]3+. In the presence of phenothiazine derivatives, [Fe(Bpy)3]3+ is reduced easily to the colored complex [Fe(Bpy)3]2+, which shows an absorption maximum at 525 nm. The individual method is highly sensitive and suitable for 0.3-190 ?g ml-1 concentrations, with detection limits in the range 0.18-2.46 ?g ml-1. Simultaneous kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of ternary mixture of CPH, PH and TPM using principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS) and orthogonal signal correction (OSC)-PLS multivariate calibration methods is also described. The simultaneous methods are based on the difference observed in the reduction rate of the [Fe(Bpy)3]3+ complex with CPH, PH and TPM in acidic media. The results showed that the simultaneous determination of CPH, PH and TPM can be performed in the concentration ranges of 0.5-120.0, 0.3-80.0 and 5.0-100.0 ?g ml-1, respectively, for three methods (PCR, PLS and OSC-PLS). The root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) of CPH, PH and TPM were 0.346, 0.663 and 0.820 (for PCR) 0.317, 0.659 and 0.830 (for PLS) and 0.087, 0.124 and 0.085 (for OSC-PLS), respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the individual and simultaneous determination of phenothiazine derivatives in pharmaceutical preparations, the results of which compared well with those obtained by the official method, and several synthetic (spiked) samples, whereby satisfactory results were obtained.

Determination of phenothiazines in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine using capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection

A CE instrument coupled with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was designed for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride (PTH) and promazine hydrochloride (PMH) in real samples. An important enhancement of the CL emission of luminol with potassium ferricyanide was observed in the presence of these phenothiazines; so this system was selected for their detection after CE separation. Parameters affecting the electrophoretic separation were optimized in a univariate way, while those affecting CL detection were optimized by means of a multivariate approach based on the use of experimental designs. Chemometrics was also employed for the study of the robustness of the factors influencing the postcolumn CL detection. The method allows the separation of the phenothiazines in less than 4 min, achieving LODs of 80 ng/mL for PMH and 334 ng/mL for PTH, using sample injection by gravity. Electrokinetic injection was used to obtain lower LODs for the determination of the compounds in biological samples. The applicability of the CE-CL method was illustrated in the determination of PTH in pharmaceutical formulations and in the analysis of PMH in human urine, using a previous SPE procedure, achieving an LOD of 1 ng/mL and recoveries higher than 85%.

Determination of promethazine hydrochloride and its preparations by highly accurate nephelometric titration

A highly accurate nephelometric titration for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride and its preparations was presented. The titration operating conditions were studied and the solubility product constant of promethazine tetraphenylboron precipitation was determined. The result of the titration is comparable to those of control experiments. The proposed method has been found to be accurate, precise, specific and linear.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Antiallergic Drug in Bulk Powder and in Its Pharmaceutical Formulations

Two simple, rapid and selective spectrophotometric methods have been described for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride (PMH) either in pure or pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the formation of a green colored product with sulphanilic acid (SPA) in presence of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or a red colored, chloroform soluble product with p-nitroaniline (PNA) in presence of ceric ammonium sulphate (CAS). The chromogen formed has maximum absorption at 600 nm and at 510 nm with SPA and PNA, respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters are evaluated. Beer's law is valid in the concentration range of 0.5–25 μg/mL (R= 0.9983) with SPA and 2–75 μg/mL (R = 0.9981) with PNA. Molar absorptivity values as calculated from the Beer's law data are 5.54 × 103 L/mol/cm and 3.05 × 103 L/mol/cm for SPA and PNA, respectively. The results are in good agreement with those of the official method. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical excipients.

Determination of promethazine hydrochloride with bromophenol blue by a turbidimetric method and flow injection analysis

A flow injection analysis procedure for the turbidimetric determination of promethazine is proposed. The sample solution is injected directly into the carrier reagent stream, which is composed of 1.16 × 10 −3 M bromophenol blue at pH 1.20. The calibration graph is linear over the range 25–197 ppm of promethazine. The influence of some foreign substances was also investigated. The method is applied to promethazine determination in a pharmaceutical formulation.

High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Promethazine Hydrochloride in the Presence of its Thermal and Photolytic Degradation Products: A Stability Indicating Assay

Abstract A stability indicating method has been developed for the quantitation of promethazine hydrochloride in the presence of its photolytic and thermal degradation products. Following a basic extraction with acetonitrile, promethazine is separated from its internal standard, promazine, and vehicle components by direct high performance liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detection (249 nm) and a stainless steel column 25 cm in length, 0.46 cm i.d. packed with octa-decyl silica 5μ in diameter. A linear relationship was obtained between peak height ratio (promethazine/promazine) and promethazine hydrochloride in water over the range 30–600 g/ml. The percent coefficient of variation of the assay is 0.8% and the recovery of promethazine hydrochloride from aqueous solutions is 99.7%. The photolytic degradation of promethazine hydrochloride does not follow simple first order kinetics. Potassium iodide and p-benzoquinone had a significant effect on the degradation rate of promethazine during the first 30 m...