Determination Of Papaverine Research Articles

Development of a New HPLC Method for Determination of Papaverine in Presence of Its Photooxidation Products

A new HPLC method was developed for determination of papaverine in a papaverine naturally photooxidized solution using a Duet C18/SCX column. The mobile phase used was a mixture of phosphate buffer (pH = 3.80) and acetonitrile in 40:60 ratio. The compounds identified were: papaverinol, papaveraldine, papaverine, and pyrrocolonium ion. Very good resolutions, peak shapes, and asymmetries were obtained. An ion exchange experiment was developed in order to identify and separate the pyrrocolonium ion. This was retained completely by a cation exchange resin in its Na+ form, while papaverine, papaverinol, and papaveraldine were retained more or less, due to a retention explained by a combined ion exchange-solvent extraction mechanism. Voltammetric studies showed that natural photooxidation of papaverine occurs in three irreversible steps and yields to stable compounds in solution.

Flow-injection potentiometric and conductometric determination of papaverine hydrochloride in the parent substance and a related pharmaceutical preparation

Papaverine (Pap) ion-selective plastic membrane electrodes based on ion associates of papaverine with phosphotungstic acid (Pap-PTA) and phosphomolybdic acid (Pap-PMA) were prepared and fully characterized in terms of membrane composition, life span, pH, and temperature. The proposed electrodes were applied to potentiometeric determination of papaverine in the parent substance and a related pharmaceutical preparation under batch and flow-injection analysis conditions. In addition, conductometric titrations were used for the assay of papaverine in the parent substance and the related pharmaceutical preparation. The selectivity of electrodes with respect to a large number of foreign inorganic cations, amino acids, and sugars was tested. The solubility product of the ion associate and the rate constant of the precipitation reaction leading to the ion associate formation were determined conductometrically.

Determination of Papaverine by Biotin‐Avidin Amplified ELISA

Papaverine [1‐(3,4‐dimethoxybenzyl)‐6,7‐dimethoxyisoquinoline; PAP] is one of the most important alkaloids among the naturally occurring opium alkaloids. This work developed an indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PAP based on the biotin‐avidin amplification system. The linear range of the calibration curve and the limit of detection (defined as three times of the blank) were 0.02–1000 ng/mL and 0.008 ng/mL, respectively. The established method was successfully applied to determining the concentration of PAP in the pericarpium papaveris with the recoveries between 88% and 120%. It was proved to be a highly sensitive and practical method for trace PAP detection compared with the existing gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) or high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods.

Flow‐Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Papaverine Using Cerium(IV)‐Sulfite System

ABSTRACT A sensitizing effect of papaverine on the weak chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of sulfite with acidic cerium(IV) is studied. In papaverine and cerium(IV) solution, the increase in the fluorescent intensity of cerium(III) at 360 nm with an increasing time indicates a slow oxidation of papaverine by acidic cerium(IV). This reaction results in the formation of intermediate radical of papaverine, which enhanced the CL emission of sulfite–cerium(IV) system. Based on this finding, a flow injection (CL) method is proposed for the determination of papaverine. The CL intensity is proportional to the concentration of papaverine from 1.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−5 M with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The detection limit is 8.7 × 10−8 M (3σ). The relative standard deviation for seven independent determinations of 1.0 × 10−6 M papaverine is 2.0%. The proposed method has been satisfactorily used for the determination of papaverine in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids.

Semi-automated, solid-phase extraction procedure for liquid chromatographic determination of papaverine, diltiazem, desipramine and nicardipine in urine

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for sample clean-up followed by a reversed-phase HPLC procedure is reported for the assay of papaverine, diltiazem, desipramine and nicardipine in urine. Disposable extraction cartridges (DECs) filled with C18, C8, C2, CH and PH silica-bonded phases were used. The effect on recovery of sample pH, composition of washing and elution solvents and nature of SPE cartridge were evaluated. The selectivity of SPE was examined using spiked urine samples and the PH cartridge gave rise to the cleanest extracts. Phenyl cartridges were conditioned with methanol and acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer. Urine sample was buffered and then applied to the DEC. The washing step was with acetone-water and subsequently with methanol-acetate buffer. The analytes were eluted with methanol-acetate buffer. The extract was evaporated to dryness, reconstituted in mobile phase, and chromatographed on a reversed-phase C18 column with UV detection at 212 nm. Recoveries of the tested compounds from spiked urine samples using the PH cartridge were in all cases>80%. The within-day and between-day repeatabilities were<5% and 9%, respectively.

Determination of papaverine by capillary isotachophoresis

Determination of papaverine by capillary isotachophoresis

Determination of papaverine in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Determination of papaverine in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Determination of papaverine in blood samples using a flame-ionization and a nitrogen-phosphorus detector is described. The method is quite simple and permits the determination at blood levels at 5-500 ng/ml.

The determination of papaverine in blood samples using a flame-ionization and a nitrogen-phosphorus detector is described. The method is quite simple and permits the determination of papaverine at blood levels at 5-5oo ng/ml.

Determination of papaverine in human blood by electron capture-gas liquid chromatography

A highly sensitive and specific assay for papaverine in whole human blood at concentrations as low as 10 mg/ml has been developed, using electron capture-gas liquid chromatography (EC-GLC). Blood concentrations of papaverine in humans were measured after oral administration of 4 mg/kg of papaverine. The new extractive technique uses Amberlite XAD-7, nonionic, which permits rapid and accurate papaverine analysis with the advantage of economy. The identity of the GLC peak was checked by GLC coupled with mass spectrometry (MS).

Determination of papaverine in blood samples by gas-liquid chromatography and mass fragmentography

The measurement of papaverine in blood samples by using either a glass capillary column with a flame-ionization detector or a packed column with mass fragmentographic detection is described. The two methods permit the determination of the normal range of concentrations of papaverine in blood (2–500 ng/ml). Owing to its high specificity, mass fragmentography is greatly superior to capillary chromatography, which is sometimes subject to interferences by solvent impurities.

Determination of papaverine and narcotine by using ammonium reineckate.

METHODS of analysis of opium1 and major opium alkaloids are required in determining the place of origin in those areas of the world where illicit traffic in opium arises. The Economic and Social Council of the United Nations in 1949 authorized research into devising chemical methods of identifying opium and invited member governments to participate in such a programme. Under this International Narcotics Research programme, Canada offered to train scientists from governments of other countries. This note is a publication of research results obtained by a U.N.T.A.A. fellow (L. K. T.) under this programme2 and reports a new method of separating papaverine and narcotine.