Determination Of Micro Research Articles

Business landscape and growth determinants of micro- and small enterprises working in WASH sector: evidence from Ethiopia

This study aims at assessing business landscape and growth determinants of micro- and small enterprises working in WASH sector. The study also investigates the effect of determinant factors on enterprise growth. The study population comprised 6000 enterprises working in six cities. The study used varieties of data collection instruments including questionnaire administered with randomly selected enterprises and collected valid data from a total of 300 enterprises; conducted 24 Key informant interviews with different officials in the Cities who are concerned with WASH products and services including private WASH goods and service suppliers; conducted 12 FGDs with utility officers; community representatives; enterprise owners to triangulate the data come up with the questionnaire result. The WASH business landscape in Ethiopia faced several challenges that hinder its ability to create demand for WASH products and services among enterprises. These challenges include inadequate and ineffective demand creation efforts, low capacity of private commercial operators, limited financial services available to both the private sector and households, inadequate business support services at the local level, and inadequate workspace for WASH enterprises. However, there are also several drivers of WASH sector development in the city, such as increased government commitment to supporting access to WASH services through policies and budget support, support from development partners like the World Bank, and an increase in the city’s population. The structural equation modeling result revealed that finance resources, administrative skills, marketing competence, and technical support were found to be significant. However, infrastructure facility was found insignificant. The study recommended that the government and stakeholders come together to support enterprises and play their roles in the growth of enterprises in Ethiopia.

Potential of Castanea sativa for biomonitoring As, Hg, Pb, and Tl: A focus on their distribution in plant tissues from a former mining district

Bioavailability of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from the Earth's crust in the soil, e.g., As, Hg, Tl, and Pb, can pose a potential environmental and health risk because of human activities, especially related to mining extraction. The biomonitoring allows to detect PTE contamination through their measurement in living organisms as trees. However, the choice of which plant species and tissue to analyse is a key point to be evaluated in relation to PTE absorption and translocation. The aim of this work was to assess the As, Hg, Tl, and Pb distribution in Castanea sativa Mill. plant tissues, given its importance for both biomass and food production. The study identified two sites in the Alpi Apuane (Italy), with similar environmental conditions (e.g., elevation, exposure, forest type, and tree species) but different soil PTE levels. The topsoil was characterized, and the PTE fractions with different bioavailability were measured. The PTE concentrations were also analysed in chestnut plant tissues (leaves, bark, wood, nuts, and shells) in parallel with and evaluation of plant health status through the determination of micro and macronutrient concentrations and the leaf C and N isotope composition (δ13C or δ15N). Chestnut trees showed a good health status highlighting its suitability for Tl, As, Hg, and Pb biomonitoring, displaying a tissue-specific PTE allocation. Thallium and Hg were detected in all plant tissues at similar concentrations, As was found in leaves, wood, and nuts while Pb only in the bark. The δ15N negatively correlated with leaf Mn and Tl concentrations, suggesting possible changes in N source and/or plant metabolism due to the high contamination level and acid soil pH. Thallium in La Culla site trees was associated with its presence in the carbonate rocks but not in the topsoil, highlighting the potentiality of chestnut in providing valuable information for geochemical surveying.

Determinants of Micro and Small Business Actors on the Motivation to Register for Free Halal Certification in Bondowoso Regency

Introduction: Government regulations on halal products, especially in the 2021 Job Creation Law, have been stipulated in the Halal Product Guarantee Law, this is an important factor for producers in the business sector related to halal products, especially since there is a free halal certification program. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to measure the motivation of micro and small business actors in Bondowoso Regency towards registering for free halal certification. Method: This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis which aims to test the correlation of the variables of Government Regulation (X1), Halal Lifestyle (X2), Perceived Benefits of Halal Certification (X3), Business Competitiveness (X4), Product Safety and Hygiene (X5), to Motivation for Free Halal Certification Registration (Y1). Results: The results showed that government regulations, halal lifestyle, and product safety and hygiene had no significant partial effect on the motivation to register for free halal certification. Meanwhile, the perceived benefits of halal certification and business competitiveness have a partially significant effect on the motivation to register for free halal certification. However, these 5 variables simultaneously affect the motivation to register for free halal certification so it is worthy of being a construct of this study. Implications: The research will provide an overview of the relevant approaches that must be taken to attract micro and small business actors to register for free halal certification.

Determinants of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Sustainable Development in Africa

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) accelerate economic growth by creating new products and services; they stimulate new employment, which ultimately results in the acceleration of sustainable economic development in Africa. So, public policy that encourages and supports entrepreneurship and MSMEs’ sustainable development should be considered important for the economic growth of Africa. The purpose of this study was to examine factors contributing to the sustainable development of MSMEs in Africa. In order to achieve this objective, the researchers have used a correlational research design and quantitative research approach in which six hypotheses have been tested. Both primary data were collected from 340 MSMEs operating in Africa through survey questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data. According to the regression analysis, this study revealed that access to finance, infrastructure, and institutional cooperation, access to business information, government support, and information technology utilization led to Micro, small and medium enterprises’ sustainable development in Africa. Based on the findings of the study, a recommendation was forwarded to the concerned bodies who are responsible for improving the sustainability of Micro, small, and medium enterprises in Africa while working on those variables contributing to the MSMEs’ sustainable development.

Determinants of Micro and Small Enterprise’s Interest to Participate in Self-Declare Halal Certification

The Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) market share is expected to increase with the halal certification of their products and services. However, MSEs have limited resources. In response, the Government introduced a self-declare halal certification program in 2022. From the total number of MSEs, which reached 8.7 million units as of March 2023, only about 79 thousand have self-declare halal certificates. Therefore, this study aims to analyze internal and external factors that influence the interest of MSEs towards halal certification through a self-declare scheme. The study involves 86 MSEs respondents from Bogor, West Java. Using Partially Least Square (PLS) with a second-order approach. The findings reveal that internal factors marginally affect MSE's interest to pursue self-declare halal certification. The three strongest indicators of internal factors are: (1) improving human resource performance, (2) increasing efficiency and financial returns, and (3) awareness of religiosity. Interestingly, external factors do not influence the interest of MSEs to obtain self-declare halal certification, except for government policy, which significantly impact the intention in the first-order test. The main implication of this research is the importance of more substantial government support to help MSEs obtaining halal certification such as socialization, training as well as mentoring Halal Self Declare Certification at an affordable cost.

Intentional model of MSMEs growth: a tripod-based view and evidence from Indonesia

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore growth models based on “industry-based capabilities”, “resources-based capabilities” and “institution-based capabilities” in the context of the determinants of micro, small and medium enterprises’ (MSMEs) actors’ intention to grow.Design/methodology/approachThis study involved 188 owners/managers of MSMEs. The analysis was conducted using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Moreover, the importance-performance map analysis package is used to complement the study findings.FindingsThis study uses the framework of the resource-based view (entrepreneurial knowledge), industrial-based view (industrial linkage) and institutional-based view (government support and access to finance) as proxies of the tripod-based view framework. The findings show that entrepreneurial knowledge (skills, competencies and functional), government support, access to finance and industrial linkage (vertical and horizontal) significantly encourage MSMEs’ owner/manager growth intention.Practical implicationsFirstly, this study suggests that MSMEs actors focus on developing entrepreneurial knowledge to boost the skills, competencies and functionalities needed to improve their business capabilities, directly affecting their growth intention. Secondly, this study indicates that the growth intention of MSME players, besides increasing internal capacity, must also be supported by the external environment, such as financial institutions, government and industrial linkage.Originality/valueThis study offers a tripod-based view as a framework for MSMEs’ actors’ intention to grow, where the constructs in the model used so far have not been explored comprehensively in the context of MSMEs. So, the built model brings more relevant factors to explain this topic from various perspectives.

Determinants of micro and small enterprises financial performance in the non-farm sector of Ghana: A quantile regression approach

Determinants of micro and small enterprises financial performance in the non-farm sector of Ghana: A quantile regression approach

Quantification of calcium, phosphorus, and cerium in novel biocompatible materials by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

An approach to the determination of the composition of novel biocompatible materials based on cerium-containing calcium phosphates by TXRF is proposed. The ranges of analyte contents in solutions for the correct determination of Ca, P, Ce by the external standard method were determined. A systematic underestimation of the calcium signal at a Ca content in the analyzed composite sample above 30 mg/liter is noted. The Compton scattering spectra for the ceramic sample solution were analyzed to assess the compliance of the sample with the thin layer criterion, the maximum value was 16. 8 keV (96°). According to the graph of the mass attenuation coefficient for a film of a given composition, the attenuation of the calcium line is not related with the absorption effect of the sample. The internal standards (Gd and Cu) were selected and conditions for the determination of micro- and macro-components in solutions and suspensions of samples were determined. It is shown that with a calcium content up to 50 mg/liter in the sample, it is possible to determine correctly Ca, P, and Ce by TXRF method in solutions and suspensions with Sr 0.05 and 0.09, respectively. The convergence of the results obtained is noted by the methods of external and internal standards with appropriate dilutions of solutions and suspensions.

Intensity of the creative economy agency and partnership in empowering micro and small enterprises

Purpose ─ This paper analyzes the determinants of micro and small enterprise company performance and its employees in Indonesia using a data set covering 2010 – 2019. Method ─ This study uses the robust estimation of the panel data regression method to estimate an alternative least squares regression that does not require strict assumptions and is not sensitive to outliers. Findings ─ The study's findings are as follows: 1) Improving resources, markets, entrepreneurs, and institutions has different impacts on business performance and workers' compensation due to the complexity and size of businesses, 2) The formal education of micro and small business entrepreneurship and institutionalization of partnerships have improved workers' compensation but not business performance, 3) Improving resource access, market orientation, and policies indirectly implemented by the Creative Economy Agency have improved business performance but not workers' compensation. Therefore, programs aimed at enhancing productivity of entrepreneurs and workers through partnerships are a key factor in improving the competitiveness of micro and small enterprises. Originality ─ Four determinants of the business environment of micro and small enterprises were analyzed to determine their impact on entrepreneur and worker performance, in order to identify the key factors contributing to the successful empowerment of these businesses.

Determinants of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises: The Case of an Emerging Economy in Indonesia

The covid-19 pandemic has worsened Indonesia’s economic situation. Most households have tried to survive by running their own business because they have just been fired from their latest company. Unfortunately, this business cycle forced families to reduce production costs due to less aggregate product demand. Many of them collapsed, and fewer survived. The condition of natural selection is to make government create a proper policy to prevent bad things happen in the future since MSME is categorized as an informal sector with many forms, such as culinary, services, and education. Most empirical studies show that the informal sector contributes more than 60% to Indonesia economic outcome. The aggregate demand for MSME products is only consumed by 20% of below-income group households. This study aims to analyse the effect of input factor on MSME productivity, proving that labour and capital investment is determinants for the extreme resilience of MSME in Indonesia. It used secondary data from 2016 to 2020 about the MSME sector in Indonesia and the Ministry of Cooperation using a proxy of MSME productivity and the MSME export ratio of total exports of all economic sectors. This research was then analyzed using the Linear Regression with Ordinary Least squares with STATA 14. The results showed that the labour and capital investment in the MSME sector had a positive and significant effect on the productivity and export ratio of MSMEs. T-statistics and F-statistics indicate both are higher than T and F table (p-value < 0,05). The regression model also does not suffer from classical assumption tests such as heteroskedasticity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation.

Determinants of Micro and Small Enterprise Growth: Three Selected Woreda Cases in Gulachi District, Ethiopia

Determinants of Micro and Small Enterprise Growth: Three Selected Woreda Cases in Gulachi District, Ethiopia

Determinants of micro, small, and medium-scale enterprise performers’ income during the Covid-19 pandemic era

The global Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact on all aspects of life, even in Indonesia, inflation was 2.96% year on year. The pandemic has also caused a decline in production, sales and income of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), for which recovery is necessary. This study aims to analyze the influence of factors, age, number of workers, length of business, empowerment, human capital, business capital, type of business, business category, and production technology on the income of MSME performers'. This research was conducted in Surakarta which was determined purposively, with a population of all MSME performers' with various types of businesses. This study uses quantitative methods with survey techniques. Samples were taken randomly as many as 210 MSME performers’. Data were collected through structured interviews with questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results of multiple regression data analysis using OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) and dummy variables indicate that the factors of age, number of workers, length of business, empowerment, human capital, type of business and production technology have a significant effect on income. The use of manual and modern technology, types of culinary businesses and other businesses have a significant influence on income. Own business capital and those from loan capital, as well as micro and small business category are not significant to income. All production factors together have a contribution to income of 42.53 percent (R2). The results of the analysis t-test also show that there is a significant difference between the income of MSMEs that have less than 3 employees and have more than 3 employees, While empowerment can increase MSME income, MSME performers who often participate in empowerment and those who rarely participate in empowerment have no different income. The implications of the results of this study can be used as the basis for formulating an empowerment model for MSME performers that is in accordance with pandemic conditions.

The Determinants of Micro and Small Enterprises Performance: An Empirical Study of Millennial and Centennial Entrepreneurs

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the enterprise performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) among generations Y (millennial) and Z (centennial) entrepreneurs during the Covid-19 pressure under the theory of Resource-Based View. Data were collected by online questionnaires to 227 generation Y and Z respondents and were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The data analysis findings indicate that risk-taking and networking positively affect micro and small enterprise performance positively and positively affect entrepreneurial competencies. Entrepreneurial competencies also significantly positively affect micro and small enterprise performance. While technology usage has no significant effect on micro and small enterprise performance, it substantially affects entrepreneurial competencies. Theoretical and practical contributions are provided.

Determinan Minat Financing UMKM Pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah (Studi Kasus UMKM Disekitar Malioboro Yogyakarta)

This study aims to analyze the determinants of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) interest in conducting the financing from Islamic Financial Institutions and to find out what factors are the most dominant influence on MSMEs interest in applying for financing at Islamic financial institutions. The data used in this study is primary data. The subject of this research is the owner of MSMEs around Malioboro Yogyakarta. In this study using a sample of 100 respondents. The sampling technique is using the Non Probability Sampling technique by means of Purposive Sampling. The data collection method used a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The analytical tool used is multiple regression which is supported by SPSS 16 software. Based on the analysis conducted, the results show that service, reputation and procedure variables have a positive and significant influence on interest

Growth Determinants of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs): Evidence from Entrepreneurs in the Eastern Region of Ethiopia

Growth Determinants of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs): Evidence from Entrepreneurs in the Eastern Region of Ethiopia

Micro- and small-scale enterprises’ financing preference in line with POH and access to credit: empirical evidence from entrepreneurs in Ethiopia

The purpose of this study was to examine factors that determine micro- and small-scale enterprises’ financing preference in line with pecking order theory and access to credit in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State of Ethiopia. The study used primary data collected using cross-sectional survey questionnaire. The sample of this study was 296 enterprises selected using proportional stratified random sampling technique. The data were analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression analysis. The results of probit estimation revealed that business experience, collateral, gender, motivation and enterprises’ sectoral engagement affect financing preference. To investigate access to credit determinants, only enterprises that need to raise capital through credit were considered. The empirical results, therefore, revealed that business experience, size, sectoral engagement, collateral, interest rate, loan repayment period, and preparation of business plan, financial reporting, location and educational background of entrepreneurs affect access to credit of enterprises. Before any generalization of the results can be made, more evidence is needed on enterprises’ financing preference and access to credit determinants for the fact that the empirical tests were conducted only on 296 entrepreneurs since 2019. Therefore, the findings are valid and practicable only for the entrepreneurs under the study and the results cannot be assumed to extend beyond this group of entrepreneurs to different study periods. The study makes an original contribution to the literature of small business finance by investigating determinants of micro- and small-scale enterprises’ financing preference and access to credit in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State of Ethiopia as a developing country.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Micro- and Macroelements in Fruit Peel Powder Mineral Supplement for Osteoporosis Patients and Their Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease depicted by the reduced bone mass, an adequate supply of minerals is needed to support bone remodeling, and their deficiency causes bone-related diseases, osteoporosis in particular, and has osteoprotective effects. The aim of this recent research was to quantify the micro- (Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn) and macroelements (Mg, K, and Ca) in the peel powder of some common fruits (pomegranate, orange, lemon, mango, and grapefruit) by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). The extraction of micro- and macroelements in peel powder was done by using dilute acids in an ultrasonic bath. Apple leaves were used as standard reference material (SRM, NIST 1515) to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method at varied operating parameters. Maximum response was obtained for extracting of minerals in 500 mg SRM at 60°C temperature, setting a vortexing time of 5 min while using 5.0 mL extracting agent HNO3 (0.5 M)-H2O2 (10%) at 90% sonication amplitude of ultrasound bath for 6 min. While analyzing the SRM, the percentage recovery was obtained in a range between 96.8 and 102.7% to assure the accuracy whereas repeatability (n = 10) study in terms of % RSD yielding ≤2.29 supports well the precision of the proposed method, and limits of quantitation (μg/g) were 0.034, 0.061, 0.065, 0.057, 0.017, 0.175, and 0.053 for Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, K, and Ca, respectively. The proposed UAE method was reliable, efficient, and advantageous over the conventionally employed acid digestion method with regard to less consumption of reagents and short analysis time for the determination of micro- and macroelements in fruit peel powder.

Addressing the Gap Areas Crucial for Survival by Focusing on the Key Growth Determinants of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in India: A Critical Analysis Pertaining to Textile Sector MSMEs

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are crucial for the overall development of the country. Realising the same, there are various policy support measures introduced by the government. This paper attempts to study the gaps in the present policies available for the MSMEs with respect to the textile sector MSMEs. Through a systematic approach, based on secondary literature and stakeholder engagement, the study attempts to come up with a decision matrix based on the identified key growth determinants of MSMEs. A questionnaire was developed for collecting the responses from expert stakeholders to rank the identified list of determinants influencing the growth of MSMEs. A mix of top-down and bottom-up methodology has been adopted to identify the key determinants of MSMEs having the major influence on the sector’s growth. It was found that the top 10 determinants influencing the growth of MSMEs are profitability, quality of product, entrepreneurial behaviour, legal structure, product differentiation strategy, new/improved products produced, industry friendly policies, employee sensitiveness, ability to fund enterprise growth from profits generated. It is argued that in order to make MSMEs sustainable, policymakers should take a targeted approach focusing on these key growth determinants so as to create a conducive ecosystem for MSMEs. JEL Codes: O100, L210, L250

Determinants of Micro and Small Business Financing In Sharia Commercial Banks In Indonesia

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of bank size, efficiency, liquidity, and BI rate on MSME financing at Sharia Commercial Banks (BUS) in Indonesia. Research data in the form of secondary data obtained from the official website of Bank Indonesia. The data is analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Before the information is further explored, several classic assumption tests are performed, including normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test and autocorrelation test. Based on testing the hypothesis using the t-test it was concluded that bank size has a positive effect on MSME financing, efficiency does not affect MSME financing, liquidity has a positive impact on MSME financing, and the BI rate has a positive impact on MSME financing

Socioeconomic determinants of micro and small enterprise growth in North Wollo and Waghimira Zone selected towns

This study aims to investigate the socioeconomic determinant factors that affect the growth of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in North Wollo and Waghimira Zone selected towns. In this study, a cross-sectional research design with both descriptive and explanatory research design has been employed, and 303 owners of enterprises have participated. The towns were selected purposely, and the respondents were also selected by using a simple random sampling technique. The data were analyzed by using STATA v-14 and applied descriptive and binary logistic regression analysis (odds ratio). The finding of the study revealed that age of the owner, access to finance, family business background, and interest rate most likely affect the growth of the enterprises with the statistically significant level. On the contrary, entrepreneurship training, the experience of the owner, the inflation rate, and competition less likely affect the growth of the enterprises with a statistical significant level. The remaining factors such as gender of the owners, education background, business age, business type, business location, social responsibility, tax rate, and social attitude were not statistically significant to determine the growth of MSEs.