Determination Of Mercury In Urine Research Articles

Determination of mercury values in urine and air of chloralkali workers by copper nanoparticles functionalized in carboxylic carbon nanotubes and the effects of mercury exposure on oxidative stress

Mercury exposure can produce toxic organic compounds in the body. Also, mercury can potentially cause oxidative damage and cellular disorders. In this study, the determination of mercury values in urine and air of chloralkali workers based on copper nanoparticles functionalized in carboxylic carbon nanotubes (CuNPs@CNT-COOH) were obtained by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometer (CV-AAS). The urine samples were determined by magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) at pH 8.0. By measuring the mercury level in the air and the urine sample of workers, the level of oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (Cat)), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) as the proinflammatory cytokines were measured in the subject group. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the mercury level of the urine samples in the case and control groups (p<0.001). Similarly, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly different between the two research groups (p<0.001). Catalase concentration was not significantly different in the two groups (p=0.059). The LOD and linear range for mercury determination in urine were achieved at 0.012 µg L−1 and 0.05-7.0 µg L−1, respectively. Workers’ exposure to mercury can significantly increase oxidative stress and inflammatory cell signaling molecules such as cytokines.

Atomic absorption determination of mercury in urine by cold steam method using mercury- hydride prefix

Mercury is one of the most common in various industries and at the same time dangerous chemicals. It is able to be deposited in the body and have a toxic effect for a long time after the cessation of contact. Under the influence of mercury, workers can develop various intoxications, as a result of which pathological changes in the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, immune and reproductive systems are possible.Under production conditions, mercury enters the body, usually in the form of vapors (absorbed about 80%) and suspended particles. Inorganic forms of mercury are excreted mainly in the urine (60%). However, insufficient attention is currently being paid to the problem of determining the mercury content in urine samples. To date, in world practice there is no systematic approach to the determination of small doses of mercury in the body, as a result of which it is difficult to timely identify public health disorders. This is largely due to the lack of highly sensitive and highly effective methods of analysis, allowing routine measurements with minimal cost and high accuracy. The methods currently used are either quite expensive or have low accuracy/sensitivity.The aim of the study was to develop a method of atomic absorption determination of mercury in urine by cold steam, which would allow at minimal cost to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of mercury detection in the body.Materials and methods. Quantitative measurement of mercury in urine samples was carried out on an atomic absorption spectrometer with a mercury-hydride prefix using model solutions of different concentrations.Results. The study determined the optimal conditions for sample preparation of urine samples, set the range of concentrations for the construction of the calibration schedule, studied the effect of the matrix on the accuracy of the analysis by the “introduced-found” method. The lower limit of detection of the developed technique was 0.05 mcg/l, the upper limit–100 mcg/l (if necessary, it can be increased by additional dilution). The relative error of determination depending on the concentration varied from 3 to 15%.Conclusions. A highly sensitive, affordable and relatively inexpensive method for the determination of mercury in urine has been developed, which will allow to diagnose with high accuracy the background contents of mercury in urine, which is especially important when inspecting workers of industries associated with the use of mercury and its compounds, as well as the population living in areas close to these industries.

Determination of mercury in urine by flow injection hydride generation cold atomic absorption spectrometry

Determination of mercury in urine by flow injection hydride generation cold atomic absorption spectrometry

Atomic amplisensor by microwave digestion for determination of mercury in urine

目的 探讨微波消解--原子荧光法测定尿汞的可行性.方法尿样经微波消解后,样品中的汞被加入的硼氢化钾还原成原子态汞,由氩气载入到原子化器,在空心阴极灯发出的特定光线照射下,被激发跃迁到较高的能级上,并在回到较低的能级时辐射出荧光,荧光的强度与汞原子的浓度成正比,与标准系列比较后定量.结果分别进行了线性、回收率、精密度、检出限试验.其回收范围:87.2%～105.3%;线性平均相关系数:r=0.999 6;相对标准偏差＜5%;最低检出限:DL=0.013μg/L.结论方法操作简便,重现性好,灵敏度高,可满足职业病尿汞测定需要。

Determination of mercury in urine of Mexican dentists

Mercury levels in the urine of Mexican dentists were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. A control group with no suspicion of contamination by mercury was also studied. Acid digestion was used for samples treatment and the presence of 203Hg was determined by gamma spectroscopy. The ranges of mercury concentration found in urine were: for the dentists group from 0.19 to 11.56 mg Hg/l, with a mean value of 3.16 mg Hg/l and standard deviation of 2.74 mg Hg/l, and for the control group from 0.03 to 0.05 mg Hg/l with a mean value of 0.04 mg Hg/l and standard deviation of 0.01 mg Hg/l. The mercury levels found in urine of dentists are associated with several exposure factors which appear to be positively correlated to its concentration, such as years of dental practice, amalgamation techniques, etc.

Determination of Mercury in Urine and Seawater by Flow Injection Vapor Generation Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

AbstractA simple and inexpensive laboratory‐built vapor generator was used with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) for the determination of mercury in urine and seawater samples. The applications of vapor generation ICP‐MS alleviated the non‐spectroscopic interferences and the sensitivity problem of mercury determination encountered when the conventional pneumatic nebulizer was used for sample introduction. The concentration of mercury was determined by isotope dilution method. The isotope ratio of mercury was calculated from the peak areas of each injection peak. The repeatability of the peak areas and isotope ratio determinations of seven consecutive injections of 1 ng mL−1 Hg solution were 2.3% and 2.2%, respectively. This method has a detection limit of 0.07 ng mL−1 for mercury. This method was applied to determine mercury in a CASS‐3 nearshore seawater reference sample, NASS‐4 open ocean seawater reference sample, NIST SRM 2670 freeze‐dried urine reference sample and several urine and seawater samples collected from National Sun Yat‐Sen University. The results for the reference samples agreed satisfactorily with the reference values. Results for other samples analyzed by the isotope dilution method and the method of standard additions agreed satisfactorily. Precision was better than 10% for most of the determinations.

Determination of mercury in urine by electrothermal vaporization isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Electrothermal vaporization isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ID-ICP-MS) was applied to the determination of mercury in urine samples. The isotope ratio of mercury in each analytical run was calculated from the peak area of each isotope. Various modifiers were tested in order to obtain the greatest sensitivity for mercury. After preliminary studies, a mixed modifier of palladium, Mg(NO 3 ) 2 and 2% HCl was used. The ETV-ID-ICP-MS method was applied to the determination of mercury in NIST SRM 2670 Toxic Metals in Freeze-Dried Urine and several fresh urine samples collected from graduate students. The results obtained for NIST SRM 2670 agreed satisfactorily with the certified values. The results for other samples analysed by isotope dilution and by the method of standard additions agreed satisfactorily. The detection limit of mercury, calculated from the standard additions calibration plot, was about 0.02 ng ml –1 with the ETV-ICP-MS method. The precision between sample replicates was better than 8% for all determinations.

Determination of mercury in urine by ET-AAS using complexation with dithizone and extraction with cyclohexane

A precise and accurate graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of mercury in urine was developed. Samples were subjected to hydrolysis with nitric acid. Then, mercury in the sample was complexed by dithizone and extracted by cyclohexane. Mercury concentrations were determined against a urinematched calibration curve. Coated graphite notched partition tubes (Varian) and forked pyrolytic platforms (Varian) were used. The detection limit of the method ( x blank + 3 SD blank) was 1 μg 1 −1. The between run precision CV's were 4.7 and 3.4% for urine with a mercury concentration of 48.2 and 156.2 μmol 1 −1, respectively; the within run precision CV's were 8.9 and 2.9% for urine with a mercury concentration of 17.0 and 172 μg 1 −1, respectively.

Determination of mercury in urine by flow-injection cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry

A simple, rapid and accurate method was developed for the determination of total mercury in urine samples. The method uses on-line addition of KMnO 4 after adding a bromate-bromide reagent to the sample to decompose organic mercury compounds to inorganic mercury(II) ions at room temperature, and determines mercury by flow-injection cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. The recoveries of five mercury compounds added to urine were studied; with the proposed method the recoveries of all the mercury compounds used were complete. Good agreement with certificate values of urine reference materials was also obtained. The detection limit of the method based on three standard deviations of the blank was 0.1 μg Hg 1 −1 in urine with a 500-μl sample loop, achieving a same throughput of 100 h −1. The calibration graphs were linear up to 30 μg 1 −1 and with a dynamic range up to 100 μg Hg 1 −1. At a concentration of 5 μ Hg 1 −1 in urine, the relative standard deviation was about 2%.

The Direct Determination of Mercury in Urine

Abstract Mercury is accumulated in the kidneys on prolonged exposure, especially exposure to mercuric compounds, and is eliminated slowly.1 It has been known2 since the 19th century that mercury is excreted in urine. Most of the early data were obtained from studies of patients exposed to Hg as a treatment for syphilis.

Automated determination of mercury in urine and blood by the Magos reagent and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.

Automated determination of mercury in urine and blood by the Magos reagent and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.

Zur direkten Bestimmung von Quecksilber im Urin nach der Kaltdampf-Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie-Methode

A method is described for the determination of mercury in urine by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The organically bound mercury is oxidized by treatment of the urine with KMnO4, followed by dilution with a mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4. The sample is then treated with NaBH4 to release the mercury vapor. This procedure measures total mercury (inorganic and organically bound) in the urine. The method was compared with the standard addition method and with the determination after wet digestion with concentrated HNO3. A good correlation was found between the three methods. Other organic and inorganic compounds present in urine do not interfere. Using 1 ml urine samples, the detection limit is 2 micrograms/l Hg. Sensitivity is also 2 micrograms/l Hg. Urinary mercury in a non-exposed population (30 men, 30 women) was found to be less than 4 micrograms/l Hg.

Anwendbarkeit der Zeeman-Effekt/Atomabsorption in der Komplexchemie und Spurenanalyse

The compensation of non specific background absorption is the main problem connected with determinations of traces of metals in the presence of large amounts of concomitants which volatilize together with the metal to be determined. This analytical problem manifests itself especially in flameless atomic absorption spectrometry used in coordination chemistry and trace analysis and can be very effectively mastered by the use of the Zeeman-effect atomic absorption spectrometry. This method works very well in the presence of 0.1 m KNO 3 or NAClO 4, where the most commonly used method, the deuterium background compensation, fails at this concentration of supporting electrolytes in most cases. The high compensating power of the Zeeman-effect method is also demonstrated by the determination of mercury in urine after a simple matrix modification by addition of HNO 3, Br 2 and KBr. The mechanism of the stabilization of mercury by this matrix modification is also discussed. The deuterium system failed in these determinations.

Rapid determination of mercury in urine by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry.

Rapid determination of mercury in urine by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry.

Automated method for determination of mercury in urine.

I describe a sensitive, specific, automated method for determination of mercury in urine by the "flameless atomic absorption" technique. One can analyze 20 samples per hour, with less than 0.5-ml samples of urine. The detection limit is 0.01 mumol/liter (2mug/liter) and the mean coefficient of variation 12%. The procedure is being used to monitor mercury excretion by workers exposed to mercury.

Intercomparison Program of Lead, Mercury, and Cadmium Analysis in Blood, Urine, and Aqueous Solutions

Sixty-six European laboratories participated in an intercomparison program of lead, mercury, and cadmium analysis in blood, urine, and aqueous solutions. The experimental protocol was designed in such a way that the effect of precision, experience, and analytical method could be evaluated. For all the analyses, the scatter of the reported results is important. The major factor influencing the variability of the results is the intralaboratory variation. Analytical methods and degree of experience do not seem to have a significant influence. However, with the exception of mercury determination in urine, a satisfactory intralaboratory precision is not sufficient to make the interlaboratory variation acceptable. It appears that systematic errors are responsible for the high interlaboratory variation observed between "precise" laboratories.

The determination of methyl mercury in urine.

The determination of methyl mercury in urine.

Microdetermination of mercury in biological samples. 3. Automated determination of mercury in urine, fish and blood samples.

Download options Please wait... Article information DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9729700148 Article type Paper Download Citation Analyst, 1972,97, 148-155 BibTex EndNote MEDLINE ProCite ReferenceManager RefWorks RIS Permissions Request permissions Microdetermination of mercury in biological samples. Part III. Automated determination of mercury in urine, fish and blood samples I. Skare, Analyst, 1972, 97, 148 DOI: 10.1039/AN9729700148 To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content. Social activity Tweet Share Search articles by author I. Skare

A rapid method for the determination of mercury in urine.

A rapid method for the determination of mercury in urine.

Determination of mercury in urine by atomic absorption.

A procedure is described for the determination of submicrogram. quantities of mercury in urine. The method is based on the absorption of the 2537 A mercury resonance line. The urine specimens are extracted by an ammonium pyrrolidino dithiocarbamate/methyl/isobutyl ketone (APDC/MIBK) system and the MIBK extract is evaporated on a tantalum boat. The mercury is detected by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Measurement of the absorption peak height is used to determine the quantity of mercury present. A 50 ml urine sample is required, which allows for many replicate runs.