Determination Of Magnesium Concentrations Research Articles

Magnesium at physiological pregnancy and at its complications

Sources of literature on the role of the trace element magnesium and the assosiation with calcium in physiological processes in the body of reproductive aged women and pregnant women, the importance of its main functions and role in preventing the main pregnancy complications were analyzed.
 Magnesium is the fourth most important extracellular cation after sodium, potassium and calcium and the second intracellular cation in importance after potassium. Many researchers have proven the participation of magnesium in almost everyone important functions in the body. Magnesium performs the following functions which are closely interconnected: metabolic, energetic, enzymatic, cardiovascular, antithrombotic, vascular, neuroprotective, structural, is an antagonist of calcium and an agonist of NMDA receptors. Magnesium realizes its functions in close interaction with cations of sodium, potassium and calcium. It acts as a calcium antagonist. It should be noted attention to the understanding of the interaction of divalent cations-competitors of magnesium and calcium. Calcium has complex influences on interaction of magnesium with blood proteins, reduces its concentration, which can affect physiological processes during pregnancy and in non-pregnant women.
 Today, magnesium is used only for prevention and treatment of eclampsia, in which anticonvulsants are commonly used ineffective. It can be assumed that different convulsive states have different intracellularly or extracellularly magnesium concentration is important in the pathogenesis and occurrence of eclampsia. Determination of magnesium concentration never was indicated in the recommendations for the management of preeclampsia. Magnesium use is insufficiently substantiated in cases of uterus contraction activity in any conditions (threat of abortion, premature birth) and prevention of pathological blood clot formation (as causes of multiple complications of pregnancy), neuroprotective effect on a child.
 The role of magnesium in the production of steroid hormones has been proven. However, this effect remains unrealized in obstetrics and gynecology practice.
 Data from literature sources given in the article help justify the use of magnesium and analyze its interaction with calcium during pregnancy.

Magnesium in Idiopathic Mitral Valve Prolapse

Abstract The aim of our research was to increase the effectiveness of the therapy administered to the patients with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse by pharmacological correction of magnesium deficiency. 79 patients (23 females and 56 males with average years of age 35.7±4.3 ) with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia and mitral valve prolapse of the 1st and 2nd degree were examined. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals, comparable by sex and age. A test by the UNESCO Institute for Microelements was used for the preliminary diagnostics of magnesium deficiency. Daily ECG monitoring with heart rate variability analysis, echodopplercardiography with the assessment of left ventricular diastolic function and determination of magnesium concentration in blood serum were performed. For the demonstration of autonomic dysfunction “the test for detection of the signs of vegetative changes” was used (10). For the assessment of situational and personal anxiety an “anxiety test” by Ch. D. Spielberg and Y. L. Hanin (25, 26) was used. The succeeding study was performed after 6 months. It was found that complex therapy with magnesium orotate in patients with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse helps to reduce the frequency of clinical manifestations of neurovegetative disturbances in the majority of examined patients contributing to harmonization of the autonomic nervous system function. It has a favorable effect on dysplastic changes and the state of bioelectrical activity of the heart, as well as correction of the psychoemotional state.

Serum concentration of magnesium in dogs suffering from tumors of the perianal glands

The aim of this study was to determine serum magnesium concentrations in dogs with benign and malignant tumors of the perianal glands. The magnesium concentration was determined in samples taken from 45 tumor-affected and 17 healthy males. Twenty one dogs suffered from malignant tumors (Malignant group), while benign changes were diagnosed in 24 cases (Non-malignant group). All dogs with neoplastic disease were treated with antiandrogens and antiestrogens. Determination of magnesium concentrations in serum obtained from dogs before the start of treatment (baseline), and one and six months later was performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. One-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey's HSD test were used to compare differences between the groups investigated and time-related changes. Significantly higher serum magnesium concentrations were found in the group with malignant tumors when compared to the control and non-malignant groups (P<0.001). Serum magnesium concentrations in dogs with non-malignant neoplastic changes had increased gradually by 17% and 41% at one and six months when compared to the baseline values (P<0.05). In conclusion, the malignant neoplastic process in dogs was associated with a higher baseline serum magnesium concentration. Thus, determination of the serum magnesium concentration might be helpful for diagnostic differentiation between malignant and benign perianal tumors in dogs.

Isotope ratio measurements of magnesium and determination of magnesium concentration by reverse isotope dilution technique on small amounts of 26Mg-spiked nutrient solutions with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

In the present work, an analytical method has been developed for the measurement of magnesium isotope ratios and the determination of magnesium concentration in 26Mg-spiked plant nutrient solutions by the reverse isotope dilution technique. The experimental parameters of the mass spectrometric measurements using quadrupole-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were optimized with respect to the lowest relative standard deviation (RSD) in the magnesium isotopic ratio ( 25Mg/ 24Mg and 26Mg/ 24Mg). The RSD of the measured isotopic ratios was determined in different concentrations of isotopic standard solution (NIST SRM 980T 26Mg-enriched isotopic standard) of natural isotopic abundances (from 1 to 50 μg/L with 1.9% to 0.22% RSD, respectively). Long-term isotopic ratio measurements using 50 μg/L isotopic standard solution (NIST SRM 980) yielded 0.14% RSD for 25Mg/ 24Mg and 0.23% RSD for 26Mg/ 24Mg. The accuracy of measured isotopic ratios was 0.1% to 0.3% [ 25Mg/ 24Mg 0.12684 ± 0.00018 (measured) versus 0.12663 ± 0.00013 (certified) and 26Mg/ 24Mg 0.13958 ± 0.00036 (measured) versus 0.13932 ± 0.00026 (certified)]. Synthetic isotopic mixtures of NIST SRM 980 and highly enriched 26Mg solutions were prepared and the measured isotopic ratios were compared with the calculated ones. The RSD of the isotope ratios measurements ranged between 0.14% to 0.07% for the 25Mg/ 24Mg ratio and 0.2-0.04% for the 26Mg/ 24Mg ratio. The developed method has been successfully applied for the determination of the magnesium isotope ratios and the concentration measurements in 26Mg-enriched plant nutrient solution samples with reverse isotope dilution technique. The nutrient solutions investigated contained high amounts of calcium and potassium (20–35 μg/ml and 9.7–30 μg/ml, respectively). Magnesium concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ICP-MS with external calibration and the measured values are in agreement with the results obtained by the reverse isotope dilution technique.