Rationally motivated computational discovery and optimization of solid electrolytes require the development of reliable descriptors for fast ionic conductivity. However, many of the fundamental motivations for superionic behavior in solids remain enigmatic, which has generally slowed progress in screening electrolyte candidates, as well as in tuning existing materials to maximize ionic conductivity. I will discuss our efforts using first-principles molecular dynamics simulations to unravel various mechanisms of ionic conductivity in model classes of solid electrolytes. Using computational “experiments”, our simulations systematically isolate factors such as stoichiometry, strain, composition, and crystal structure in the determination of ionic conductivity. Collectively, the results point to the importance of a frustrated energy landscape in promoting ultrafast diffusion. Different types of frustration in model superionic conductors will be discussed, arising from factors such as off-stoichiometry, competition between interstitial site occupancies, symmetry incompatibilities between local bonding character and lattice geometry, and dynamical frustration coupled to anharmonic processes. Physicochemical origins of the relevance of these factors for cation mobility will be explored, with a view towards developing design rules for engineering faster ionic conductors. Our findings suggest that the relative contributions of the different frustration paradigms depend chiefly on the fundamental nature of the lattice-forming ions, suggesting there may be no single universal descriptor for ionic conductivity, but rather classes of superionic conductors with similar underlying motivations. Specific examples will be drawn from our recent results on superionic materials based on oxides, halides, and polyatomic anions. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.