Determination Of Carbofuran Research Articles

Detection of carbofuran in fruits and vegetables by Raman spectroscopy combined with immunochromatography.

It has long been desired to develop rapid methods for the rapid identification and quantification of pesticides and their metabolites. Carbofuran, a representative pesticide of the carbamate group, is highly systemic and is used on vegetables, fruits and grains, which has led many countries to test for residues in food and the environment. In this study, gold and silver composite core-shell (Au@Ag) nanoparticles were used to label the carbofuran antibody and Raman molecule 5,5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) to synthesize Raman immune probes. The signal value of DTNB was read using a Raman spectrometer, and the quantitative detection technology of carbofuran was established based on lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (ICA) combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SERS-ICA is a rapid, quantitative and ultrasensitive test for the determination of carbofuran in fruits and vegetables with a sensitivity of 0.1 pg mL-1. Consequently, the results demonstrate that the SERS-based lateral flow immunosensor developed in this study has the advantages of excellent assay sensitivity and remarkable multiplexing capability, and thus it will have great application potential in food safety monitoring.

Paper-based colorimetric sensor using Photoshop and a smartphone app for the quantitative detection of carbofuran.

We developed a smartphone-assisted microchemistry analyzer for the quantitative detection of carbofuran using a paper-based colorimetric sensor, Photoshop software, and a smartphone app. The changes in color of the carbofuran enzymatic reaction in the paper-based sensor were captured and analyzed using a smartphone-controlled analyzer with an LED light source and a smartphone camera. The high accuracy of this method was demonstrated for the determination of carbofuran with a linear response in the range 0.05-1.0 ppm and limits of detection (LOD) of 0.02 and 0.018 ppm using Photoshop and smartphone app colorimetric analysis, respectively. These two methods not only show the high sensitivity and highly quantitative relationships between the concentrations of commercial carbofuran and characteristic color values of the blue channel in smartphone images but were also applied to infusions of tea. Moreover, the smartphone app is able to GPS tag the location of the test and transmit the results to a website that displays quantitative results from carbofuran samples on a map.

Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of carbofuran in food using novel type of modified carbon-based electrode with grafted layers of nickel

A voltammetric determination of carbofuran (CBF) was developed using a novel type of carbon-containing electrode (CCE) modified with carbon ink (CI) and a chromatographic sorbent (CS) based of chromaton (Ch), polyethylene glycol and nickel acetylacetonate with grafted layers of nickel (NiCS, stands for Ni modified CS) further denoted as CI/NiCS/CCE. The surface morphology of this modified electrode was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). CBF which is not electrochemically oxidizable was first hydrolyzed in alkaline medium to give anodically active phenolic analogue CBFP. The electrochemical reactions of CBFP at CI/NiCS/CCE were studied in phosphate buffer (PB) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep adsorptive stripping voltammetry (LSAdSV) using linear scan voltammetry in the first derivative mode (LSVFD). Linear concentration dependences in the concentration ranges from 0.1 to 10 μM and from 10 to 100 μM were obtained by the LSAdSV with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.06 and 0.19 μM, respectively. The novel modified CI/NiCS/CCE showed good stability and selectivity and was successfully used to determine CBF in real samples of vegetables and fruits with LOD 0.01 mg kg−1.

Template-assisted synthesis of Co1Zn0.5–P/CoO/ZnO core-shell heterostructure for the electrochemical detection of carbofuran and diuron

Currently, numerous lethal hazardous substances such as insecticides, and pesticides exist in the water bodies, food products causing acute health effects in humans and animals. It is crucial to monitor & control the level of toxicity in the water bodies, and daily food cycle with rapid and cost-effective detection techniques. Therefore, we have chosen the electrochemical sensing technique for the individual & simultaneous determination of carbofuran (CF) and diuron (DU) in environmental water and food samples. Herein, the core–shell structured Co1Zn0.5-P/CoO/ZnO hybrid was prepared as a dynamic electrocatalyst for the sensing of CF and DU. The microstructural features of the Co1Zn0.5-P/CoO/ZnO hybrid having a large surface area offers more electrocatalytic sites for electrochemical performances. Remarkably, the fabricated Co1Zn0.5-P/CoO/ZnO/GCE has enhanced active sites arising by the heterostructure results in an excellent detection limit of 1.94 nM for CF and a 4.04 nM for DU with linear concentrations of 2–429 µM (CF) and 2–149 µM (DU) for individual detection. Besides, the achieved LODs were 2.98 and 2.52 nM for simultaneous sensing of CF and DU with the linearity of 2–185 µM. The Co1Zn0.5-P/CoO/ZnO/GCE demonstrated with good storage stability, reproducibility, and excellent selectivity for CF and DU along with the potential interfering species. The environmental and food samples were analyzed to determine the levels of CF and DU, the recovery results were found to be the suitable candidate for the real-time sensing performances.

Deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by smartphone digital image colorimetry for the determination of carbofuran in water samples.

A detection method of carbofuran (CBF) in water samples was reported using deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with digital image colorimetry (DIC), which was environmentally friendly, solvent-saving, rapid, and convenient. Under alkaline conditions, the green and multifunctional extractant DESs dissociated into linalool and heptanoic acid, and CBF was hydrolyzed to 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol and further coupled with fast blue BB salt to form an azo derivative. Heptanoic acid led to the dispersion of linalool to extract the orange-red azo derivative; DIC was used for quantitative analysis using a smartphone with its associated ease of data-acquisition. This experiment optimized the types, molar ratios, and volumes of DESs and the amounts of sodium carbonate and sodium chloride. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 0.024-0.032 mg L-1 and 0.081-0.108 mg L-1, respectively. The extraction recoveries in real samples (tap, pond, and river water) were 92.4-101.0% with a relative standard deviation below 4.6%. This method has successfully analyzed CBF in different water samples and shows prospects for the monitoring and control of CBF residues in other environmental samples.

A paper chromatographic-based electrochemical analytical device for the separation and simultaneous detection of carbofuran and carbaryl pesticides

We developed an electrochemical paper-based device (ePAD) for the online separation and simultaneous determination of structurally similar carbofuran (CBF) and carbaryl (CBR). Our device combined paper chromatography and an electrochemical sensor as a single system for increasing the selectivity to simultaneous detection of the two pesticides. During the simultaneous detection of CBF and CBR, the separation of the two carbamate compounds depends on the differences between the movements of the substances on the chromatographic paper in the moving phase flow. The isolated pesticides were electrochemically measured using an amperometric method. Under optimal conditions, which include the effect of the mobile phase, separation channel, and the applied potential, the proposed device provides a linear range for the simultaneous determination of CBF and CBR from 0.1 to 2.0 and 0.5–7.5 mg L−1, with the limits of detection at 0.06 and 0.40 mg L−1, respectively. Furthermore, we successfully used the developed device to determine CBF and CBR in water, cucumber, and cabbage samples. The obtained results correspond to results obtained from a standard method. This developed ePAD is low-cost and uses a low sample volume (2 µL). Moreover, it is disposable, portable, and a promising tool for the on-site quantification of pesticides in actual samples.

Electrochemical sensors for the determination of carbofuran in natural objects (a review)

The review is devoted to the analysis of literature data on the development of modern electrochemical sensors for the determination of carbofuran in natural objects (water, soil, food). Sensors for the determination of carbofuran can be conditionally divided into two groups according to the type of electrode materials used: carbon-containing and biosensors. Carbon-containing sensors manufactured using nanotechnologies based on 0D – 3D allotropic modifications of carbon (carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerene) exhibit unique properties such as structural polymorphism, high surface area, thermal and chemical stability, biocompatibility, and original catalytic properties. At the same time, biosensors are considered promising analytical systems that complement traditional analytical methods due to the possibility of rapid on-site monitoring and miniaturization. Currently, biosensors used for the determination of carbofuran are mainly divided (proceeding from the type of bio-recognition elements) into enzyme biosensors (acetylcholinesterase and other enzymes) and immunosensors (antibodies and aptamers). Two detailed tables present data on electrochemical sensors developed for the determination of carbofuran in natural objects, including their advantages and shortcomings. All the developed sensors for the determination of carbofuran are characterized by high sensitivity, selectivity, rapidity, and low manufacturing cost, which makes electroanalytical methods a worthy alternative to the methods of analysis traditionally used for the determination of pesticides (liquid and gas chromatography, spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis, etc.). Preparation of vegetable and fruit samples for analysis using sensors of various types is described: the main stage of sample preparation is the alkaline hydrolysis of carbofuran, which is electrochemically inactive, to carbofuran-phenol. This review may be of interest to laboratories for the quality control of agricultural products and foodstuffs.

Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of carbofuran in herbs on chromatographic sorbent modified electrode

• Novel carbon-containing modified electrode was developed for carbofuran determination. • Carbon ink containing chromatographic sorbent, polyethylene glycol, and iron acetylacetonate was used. • The practical applicability of the novel electrode was verified on determination of carbofuran in herbs. The determination of carbofuran (CBF) in herbs (wild chamomile and Saint-John's-wort) was developed using a carbon-containing electrode (CCE) modified with carbon ink (CI) containing chromatographic sorbent (CS) based on chromaton (Ch), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and iron acetylacetonate (Fe(AA) 3 ). The surface morphology of the Ch/PEG/Fe(AA) 3 /CI/CCE was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in backscattered-electron (BSE) mode and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochemically inactive CBF was converted to an electrochemically active phenolic analogue CBFP by an alkaline hydrolysis. The electrochemical behavior of CBFP at Ch/PEG/Fe(AA) 3 /CI/CCE was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 6.86 in the potential range from −0.4 to 1.2 V. Under the optimal experimental conditions, linear concentration dependences in the concentration range from 0.25 to 10 µmol·L −1 were obtained by linear scan voltammetry in the first derivative mode (LSVFD) with limit of detection ( LOD ) 0.08 µmol·L −1 . The proposed Ch/PEG/Fe(AA) 3 /CI/CCE demonstrated good sensitivity and selectivity for the determination of CBF after its conversion to CBFP. The use of sorbents as modifying agents of electrodes for the determination of carbamate pesticides opens up the possibilities for “green” electroanalytical chemistry.

Simultaneous determination of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran in duck liver by an UPLC-MS/MS

AbstractCarbofuran is a carbamate pesticide, a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, low-residue, and highly toxic insecticide, acaricide, and nematicide, widely used in agriculture. Carbofuran is most harmful to birds, and birds or insects killed by furan poisoning can be killed by secondary poisoning after being foraged by raptors, small mammals, or reptiles. In this paper, an UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of carbofuran and its metabolite, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, in duck liver. Liver tissue was first ground into a homogenate and then passed through ethyl acetate liquid-liquid extraction processing samples. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for quantitative analysis, m/z 222.1 → 165.1 for carbofuran, m/z 238.1 → 180.9 for 3-hydroxycarbofuran and m/z 290.2 → 198.2 for an internal standard. The standard curves of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran in duck liver were within a range of 2–2000 ng/g, where the linearity was good, the lower limit of quantification was 2 ng/g. The intra-day precision of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran was <14%, and the inter-day precision was <13%, the accuracy range was between 91.8 and 108.9%, the average extraction efficiency was higher than 75.1% with a matrix effect between 93.4 and 107.7%. The developed method was applied to a situation of suspected duck poisoning at a local farm.

Ultra-selective determination of carbofuran by electrochemical sensor based on nickel oxide nanoparticles stabilized by ionic liquid

In this work, an electrochemical sensor based on glassy carbon electrode modified with nickel oxide nanoparticles assisted by ionic liquid was developed for selective determination of carbofuran in green vegetables. Controlled synthesis of NiO nanoparticles was carried out by aqueous chemical growth procedure. Synthesized NiO nanoparticles were found to be ostensible candidate for selective determination of carbofuran, which is a highly toxic and hazardous pesticide. The crystallinity and morphology of as-synthesized NiO was confirmed by XRD, EDXS, and SEM. The average size of IL-assisted NiO nanoparticles was calculated to be 22.7 nm. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to compare the electrochemical behavior of NiO nanoparticles-modified glassy carbon electrode using IL with bare glassy carbon electrode by discriminating oxidation peak current response. For the determination of carbofuran, the linear dynamic range for IL-assisted NiO nanoparticles was achieved as 5.0–305 µM with limit of detection 0.5 µM. The developed sensor was successfully applied for selective determination of carbofuran in real samples of green vegetables with the percent recoveries observed from 93.3 to 103.5.

On-line Solid-Phase Extraction-Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Carbofuran and 7-Phenolcarbofuran in Cervical-Uterine Epithelial Tissue

A method for the trace level determination of carbofuran and 7-phenolcarbofuran in cervical-uterine epithelial tissue samples is proposed. The finely chopped tissue is methanol extracted in an ultra- sonic bath; the extract is evaporated, diluted with water and acidified to eliminate hydrophobic impurities by precipitation. Precon- centration and additional cleanup are carried out in a polymeric (PLRP-S) precolumn by loading the filtrated extract and successively washing with acetonitrile-water 5:95 (v/v) and 0.01 M aqueous ammonia. The precolumn is finally on-line eluted and analysed by reverse-phase HPLC with UV detection at 280 nm. Recoveries >90% and relative standard deviation of ∼12% were obtained in the analysis of non-contaminated tissue samples spiked at 0.2 μg/g of the pesti- cide and metabolite. Absolute limits of detection were 20 ng of ana- lyte in a cervical biopsy (150-950 mg of epithelial tissue). Application to the analysis of three samples from countrywomen exposed to carbofuran revealed the probable presence of 7-phenolcar- bofuran in two of them.

Voltammetric Determination of Carbofuran Pesticide in Biological and Environmental Samples using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensor, a Multivariate Optimization

Increasing application of pesticides and their toxicity made it essential to develop reliable and accurate methods of their trace quantification. This research was aimed to develop an electrochemical nanocomposite sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for selective and sensitive determination of carbofuran. The proposed sensor was made based on incorporation of carbofuran MIP in the carbon paste. The square wave voltammetric (SWV) method was applied for the electrochemical measurements. The experimental design was then used to optimize parameters affecting the sensor response according to selected experimental domain. The obtained linear range after optimization of the parameters was from 1 × 10–9 to 1 × 10–6 M. The calculated detection limit was 3 × 10–10 M. Under optimized extraction and determination conditions, the proposed modified sensor indicated the considerable sensitivity and selectivity to determine carbofuran in some real samples (human urine, tap and river water) without any special sample pre-treatment before the analysis.

Simultaneous and rapid detection of carbofuran and 3-hydroxy-carbofuran in water samples and pesticide preparations using lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay

ABSTRACT It is long-cherished to develop rapid approaches for the identification and quantification of pesticide and its metabolites. Carbofuran (CBF) and its metabolite 3-hydroxy-carbofuran (3-OH-CBF) are highly toxic to humans and non-target organisms, which makes it mandatory for the detection of their residues in foods and the environment in many countries. Herein, a colloidal gold-strip assay based on a broad-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) for simultaneous determination of CBF and 3-OH-CBF was developed. The colloidal gold-strips have a runtime within 5 min without complex sample pretreatment and perform a cut-off limit of detection (LOD) of 7–10 ng/mL for both carbofuran and 3-OH-CBF. The developed portable strip assay is a versatile and robust tool for the rapid and simultaneous detection of CBF and 3-OH-CBF in water samples as well as for the determination of illegal addition of CBF in other pesticide preparations.

Determinación de plaguicidas en suelo agrícola mediante extracción en fase sólida y cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia (HPLC) acoplada a un detector de arreglo de diodos (DAD)

Se presenta el desarrollo de un método para determinar carbofuran (CB), diuron (DI), profam (PR), dicloran (DC), clorpropham (CH) y tetradifón (TE) mediante cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia acoplada a un detector de arreglo de diodos (HPLC-DAD, por sus siglas en inglés). Se optimizó 1) Separación por HPLC-DAD, 2) Pretratamiento de muestra de suelo y 3) Extracción en fase sólida (SPE, por sus siglas en inglés). Se logró separar completamente los seis plaguicidas en 17 min. La separación fue aplicada a muestras de suelo agrícola. Con este objetivo, se optimizó el pretratamiento y la SPE del suelo. Para ambas optimizaciones se definieron las variables a optimizar y se aplicó un diseño fraccional factorial. Con los resultados se construyeron las gráficas de superficies de respuesta para definir las condiciones de análisis óptimas. El método se validó en muestras de suelo, de acuerdo con guías internacionales, evaluándose la selectividad, linealidad, límite de detección y cuantificación, así como la exactitud de este. Finalmente, el método se aplicó a otras muestras obteniéndose bajo efecto matriz. Este método podría ser aplicado en otros laboratorios para determinación de estos contaminantes en suelo.

Design and Application of a Non‐enzymatic Sensor Based on Metal‐organic Frameworks for the Simultaneous Determination of Carbofuran and Carbaryl in Fruits and Vegetables

AbstractA novel, stable and sensitive non‐enzymatic sensor was developed with metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) that have attracted great attention in electrochemical sensors applications in recent years. The pore structures of MIL (Fe)‐101 and MIL (Fe)‐53 are the families of MOFs that were constructed via a simple solvothermal procedure. The 35MIL‐101(Fe)‐reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite has been used for modification of glassy carbon electrode for the determination of carbofuran (CBF) and carbaryl (CBR). The porosity of the composites increased the voltammetric responses significantly for CBF and CBR in a mixed solution that makes the simultaneous determination of both carbamate pesticides possible. Characterization of MIL (Fe)‐101 and MIL (Fe)‐53 were performed with FT‐IR, XRD, BET and SEM. Finally, the introduced sensor under the optimal conditions showed low detection limits of 1.2 and 0.5 nM within the linear ranges of 5.0–200.0 nM and 1.0–300.0 nM for CBF and CBR, respectively. The non‐enzymatic sensor was successfully used to monitoring of carbamates residue in vegetable and fruit samples.

Carbofuran: analytical methods and its determination in natural water samples by flow injection DPA(III)–H2SO4 chemiluminescence

ABSTRACTThis study proposes, a simple, rapid and sensitive chemiluminescent (CL) method for determination of carbofuran based on diperiodatoargentate(III) (DPA)-sulfuric acid (H2SO4) reaction coupled with flow injection (FI) methodology. Under optimum conditions, a linear standard curve is achieved in the range of 0.001–8.0 mg L–1 (R2= 0.9994 (n = 11) with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.4–3.7% (n = 4)), a limit of detection (LOD) 5.0 × 10–4 mg L–1 (S/N = 3) and injection throughput 180 h–1. The proposed method was applied satisfactorily for the analysis of carbofuran in freshwater samples using solid phase extraction (SPE) technique with the recoveries of 94–110% (% RSD = 1.7–3.8, n = 4). A possible CL reaction mechanism has also been discussed briefly.

Roll‐to‐Roll printed PEDOT/PSS/GO Plastic Film for Electrochemical Determination of Carbofuran

AbstractIn this work, we developed a roll‐to‐roll printed poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulphoanate without graphene oxide (GO) (PEDOT/PSS) and with graphene oxide (PEDOT/PSS/GO) plastic films for the electrochemical determination of carbofuran. Both the PEDOT/PSS and PEDOT/PSS/GO plastic films showed electroactivity towards the oxidation of carbofuran. Incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) improves the electrochemical activity of carbofuran and increased its sensitivity. The printed plastic films were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), surface profilometer, four point probe and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effects of pH, deposition time, deposition potential and film thickness on the oxidation peak current of carbofuran were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, a dynamic linear range of 1 μM–90 μM with a detection limit of 1.0×10−7 M (S/N=3) were obtained. The printed PEDOT/PSS/GO plastic electrode was applied for the determination of carbofuran in vegetable and fruit samples with recoveries between 94.4 and 101.8 %.

A microfluidic chip containing a molecularly imprinted polymer and a DNA aptamer for voltammetric determination of carbofuran.

An electrochemical microfluidic chip is described for the determination of the insecticide carbofuran. It is making use of a molecularly imprinted film (MIP) and a DNA aptamer as dual recognition units. The analyte (carbofuran) is transported to the MIP and captured at the identification site in the channel. Then, carbofuran is eluted with carbinol-acetic acid and transported to the DNA aptamer on the testing position of the chip. It is captured again, this time by the aptamer, and detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The dual recognition (by aptamer and MIP) results in outstanding selectivity. Additionally, graphene oxide-supported gold nanoparticles (GO-AuNPs) were used to improve the sensitivity of electrochemical detector. DPV response is linear in the 0.2 to 50nM carbofuran concentration range at apotential of -1.2V, with a 67 pM detection limit. The method has attractive features such as its potential for high throughput, high degree of automation, and high integration. Conceivably, the method may be extended to other analytes for which appropriate MIPs and aptamers are available. Graphical abstract Schematic of an electrochemical microfluidic chip for carbofuran detection based on a molecularly imprinted film (MIP) and a DNA aptamer as dual recognition units. In the chip, targets were recognized by MIP and aptamer, respectively. It shows promising potential for the design of electrochemical devices with high throughput, high automation, and high integration.

Selective amperometric flow-injection analysis of carbofuran using a molecularly-imprinted polymer and gold-coated-magnetite modified carbon nanotube-paste electrode

Herein, we propose a new approach for selective determination of carbofuran (CBF) in vegetables, based on a simple flow-injection system using a molecularly-imprinted amperometric sensor. The sensor design is based on a carbon-paste electrode decorated with carbon nanotubes and gold-coated magnetite (CNTs-Fe3O4@Au/CPE) coated with a molecularly-imprinted polymer (MIP) for CBF sensing. The MIP was synthesized on the electrode surface by electropolymerization using a supramolecular complex, namely 4-ter-butylcalix [8] arene-CBF (4TB[8]A-CBF), as the template. We used o-phenylenediamine as the functional monomer. Our results demonstrate that incorporation of the MIP coating improves the electrochemical catalytic properties of the electrode, increases its surface area, and increases CBF selectivity by modulating the electrical signal through elution and re-adsorption of CBF. The imprinted sensor (MIP-CNTs-Fe3O4@Au/CPE) was used in a flow-injection analysis (FIA) system. Experimental conditions were investigated in amperometric mode, with the following optimized parameters: phosphate buffer solution (0.1M, pH 8.0) as the carrier, flow rate 0.5mLmin−1, applied potential +0.50V. When used in the FIA system, the designed imprinted sensor yields a linear dynamic range for CBF from 0.1 to 100µM (r2 = 0.998) with a detection limit of 3.8nM (3Sb), and a quantification limit of 12.7nM (10Sb). The sensor exhibits acceptable precision (%RSD = 4.8%) and good selectivity toward CBF. We successfully applied the electrode to detect CBF in vegetable samples.

Voltammetric detection of carbofuran determination using screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide

Carbofuran is a highly toxic pesticide that is heavily used in agriculture due to its high effectiveness and low cost. Improved methods that are simpler and lower cost are needed for carbofuran detection in food and agricultural samples. Herein, we describe the development of a unique electrochemical method for carbofuran-phenol, which is the main hydrolysis product of carbofuran. We have successfully developed a highly accurate and precise method in a portable size using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) that is modified with graphene oxide (GO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Consequently, the developed electrode is highly sensitive to and selective for carbofuran. Using the central composite design (CCD) approach, we optimized the method for analysis parameters including the electrode surface loadings of GO and AuNPs as well as the working solution pH. The method exhibited a wide linear range of 1–250µM for analyte detection using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on AuNPs/GO-SPCE under the optimized conditions. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.22 and 0.72µM, respectively. In addition, we also report the application of the method for carbofuran determination in real cucumber and rice samples. This sensitive and selective carbofuran detection method is very promising for simple and low cost analysis in real agricultural fields.