Determination Of Busulfan Research Articles

Determination of Busulfan and Melphalan in Plasma by Turbulent Flow Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Melphalan and busulfan are DNA-alkylating agents that are often used concurrently in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) conditioning regimens. Studies have demonstrated that this combination of alkylating agents is very effective and well-tolerated prior to HCT. This combination is widely used for acute leukemia, advanced lymphoid malignancies, and multiple myeloma. Our goal was to develop an assay for the rapid measurement of both compounds simultaneously in the hopes that rapidly measuring their concentrations could possibly shorten the length of hospital stay. It would also simplify specimen handling in the clinic and the laboratory, reduce the amount of blood drawn, and allow for rapid reporting of the drug levels, thereby facilitating rapid dose adjustments.This chapter describes a validated method that measures both compounds simultaneously. Melphalan and busulfan were extracted from plasma with methanol containing deuterated internal standards. Turbulent flow chromatography coupled with reversed-phase HPLC was used for separation, while the mass spectrometer was set in the positive ion mode. This method has proven accurate and rapid and allowed for timely dose adjustments. The assay was linear over the clinically relevant ranges; the analytical measurement range for busulfan and melphalan was 10-5000ng/mLand 10-15,000 ng/mL, respectively. Specimens containing elevated drug levels were diluted yielding a final clinically reportable range of 10-25,000ng/mL for busulfan and 10-75,0000ng/mL for melphalan. This method is very suitable for simultaneous measurements of these drugs and is currently being used to support pharmacokineticstudies.

HPLC method for the development and validation of busulfan in pharmaceutical formulation

A validated HPLC method was developed for the determination of Busulfan (BUS) in pharmaceutical formulation.It is a new simple, accurate, precise and reproducible HPLC method has been developed for the estimation of Busulfan (1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate) in its inject able dosage.The method developed in High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method using suitable column (YMC Pack ODS-A (150 x 4.6) mm, 3µm). All the components of the system are controlled using SCL-10Avp System Controller. Data acquisition was done using LC Solutions software.The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. Thus, the proposed HPLC method can be successfully applied for the routine quality control analysis of formulations. The method developed is simple and is better than the methods reported in the literature and the method is capable to give a good detector response, the recovery calculated was within the range of 98% to 102% of the specification limits.

Stability-Indicating Method Development and Validation for Busulfan Drug Substance by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector.

A new, simple and stability-indicating gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of busulfan and its organic impurities (OI) in drug substance without derivatization. The chromatographic attributes were achieved on a fused silica capillary column (0.53mm × 30m, 1.0μm, USP Phase G42), using hydrogen as a carrier gas with a split ratio of 1:1. Forced degradation studies were conducted to establish the stability-indicating capability and method specificity that showed the stressed busulfan peak was free from any co-elution. Robustness study demonstrated the chromatograms remained mostly unaffected under deliberate, but small variations of chromatographic parameters, establishing the reliability of the method during routine usage. The method was shown to be reliable, sensitive, specific, linear, accurate, precise and rugged in the 1,4-butanediol concentration range of 1-20μg/mL. The method, intended for compendial uses, is suitable for quantitative analysis of busulfan and its organic impurities in drug substances.

Early fluctuations in busulfan levels with therapeutic dose monitoring during allogeneic stem cell transplantation: do they matter?

Therapeutic dose monitoring is widely adopted for determination of busulfan (Bu) dose for use as a conditioning regimen. However, while dose adjustments are being incorporated, transient fluctuations of Bu levels may occur. We aim to understand if these fluctuations affect clinical outcomes of these patients. We compared outcomes in patients in whom the absolute dose changes and fluctuation of AUC were ≥ median% versus < median%. Rates of sinusoidal obstructive syndrome, grades 2–4/grades 3–4 acute and chronic graft versus host disease were not different between the two cohorts. The Kaplan–Meier curves for overall survival showed no significant differences. Six patients required >50% dose adjustment and four had a fluctuation in AUC of >50%. One of these patients died of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and two died of infections. In our study, the transient fluctuations in Bu levels did not affect clinical outcomes; hence obviating the need for test dose strategy.

Quantitative Determination of Busulfan in Human Plasma by UPLC

A rapid and reliable UPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of busulfan in human plasma. After protein precipitation, derivatization, and liquid–liquid extraction, separation of derivatized busulfan was achieved on an Acquity BEH C18 column using a gradient mobile phase consisting of a trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution (0.2%, v/v) and acetonitrile. The column temperature was maintained at 50 °C and UV detection was carried out at 254 nm. The complete analytical run time was 1.3 min, 7-fold faster than our previous LC methodology. Quantification was performed using external standardization and calibration curves were linear (r ≥ 0.999) over the dynamic range of 0.05–5.00 μg mL−1. Intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation were ≤6.9 and 3.9%, respectively, across the range of concentrations. Accuracy of the analytical method expressed as the relative error percentage was better than 5.4%. LOD and LOQ were 0.013 and 0.025 μg mL−1, respectively. Data obtained using the UPLC method was compared to those obtained from our previously used LC method by Deming regression analysis. The UPLC method was accurate, sensitive, and greatly increased sample analysis throughput as compared to our previous LC methodology allowing for a 4-fold increase in the number of patients who could be monitored during transplant therapy.

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of busulfan in plasma

Busulfan (Myleran; 1,4-bis-(methanesulfonyloxy) butane; BU) is a bifunctional alkylating agent used in clinical practice since 1959. It is currently included at high doses in conditioning regimens for bone marrow transplantation, usually in combination with cyclo-phosphamide. A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of BU in plasma. The basis of the assay is a derivatization with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate at 32°C in the presence of 1-bromo-1-deoxy-3,6-anhydrogalactitol as internal standard. Analysis is performed on a cyano column with heptane-isopropanol-glacial acetic acid as mobile phase and UV detection at 280 nm. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range 0.18–46.40 μM BU in plasma. The limit of detection was 0.1 μM. The precision and accuracy were between the limits required by good laboratory practice.

Determination of busulfan in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization and fluorescence detection

A rapid, sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for busulfan in human plasma was developed. After extraction of plasma samples with acetonitrile and methylene chloride, busulfan and the internal standard [1,5-bis(methanesulfonyloxy)pentane] were derivatized with 8-mercaptoquinoline to yield fluorescent compounds which were detected with a fluorescence detector equipped with filters of 360 nm (excitation) and 425 nm (emission). Calibration graphs showed a linear correlation ( r>0.9990) over the concentration range of 20–2000 ng/ml. The recovery of busulfan from plasma standards was 70±5%. The detection and quantification limits for busulfan in plasma samples were established at 9 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml, respectively. The intra- and inter-assay variations were lower than 8% and 10%, respectively. The applicability of the method was verified by analyzing the plasma concentrations of busulfan in a patient to whom it was administered orally on two different days.

Determination of Busulfan in Tablets by NMR Spectroscopy

Abstract A simple NMR spectroscopic method is described for the assay of busulfan in tablets. Methenamine is used as the internal standard and chloroform-d as the solvent. The mean recovery value for the drug from standard mixtures was 99.3 ± 0.182% w/w (n = 5) by the NMR method and 99.2% (n = 2) by the official method. The mean content of busulfan in commercial tablet samples was 99.4 ± 0.16 (range 99.1 – 99.6)% w/w (CV = 0.16%, n = 10) by the NMR method and 99.5 ± 0.17 (range 99.2 – 99.8)% w/w (CV = 0.17%, n = 10) by the official method.