Blood Urea Nitrogen Determinations Research Articles

Renal function in children with leukemia; a clinical and pathological study.

Although many authors * have commented on the frequency of parenchymal infiltration of the kidneys in leukemia, there has to date been no systematic study of kidney function during the course of the disease. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the investigation of renal function in 35 patients with leukemia in the pediatric age group who have been studied during a two-year period, 1954-1955, inclusive. Clinical results were supplemented by the pathological findings in 14 of the 35 patients who came to postmortem examination. <h3>Methods</h3> Blood urea nitrogen determinations, urinary specific gravity, and routine urinalyses were performed on 35 patients in whom a definite diagnosis of leukemia was established, both by bone marrow and peripheral blood examinations. The blood urea nitrogen was performed by a spectrophotometric method using glycerol urease.⁷By this method values from 10 to 16 mg/100 ml. are considered within the range

A Rapid Method for the Determination of Blood Urea Nitrogen

A Rapid Method for the Determination of Blood Urea Nitrogen

Intraarterial transfusions in hemorrhagic emergencies; complete recovery following massive pulmonary artery hemorrhage.

Intra-arterial transfusion has recently acquired a significant place in the medical literature. The following case report is one involving cessation of respiration and cardiac action following massive hemorrhage and the application of successful resuscitative measures. It may also emphasize the importance of having means for intra-arterial transfusion set up as standard equipment in the operating room and the delivery room. REPORT OF CASE A man aged 27, a slightly obese Puerto Rican, had pulmonary tuberculosis since August 1946. A roentgenogram revealed that the right lung was functionless and the left lung overexpanded but otherwise normal. Preoperative laboratory studies showed normal blood count, bleeding time and coagulation time and normal urine. The serum protein level was 8 Gm. per 100 cc. The blood urea nitrogen determination was 17 mg. per 100 cc. Right pneumonectomy was performed on May 20, 1949 with the patient under cyclopropane-ether anesthesia administered through an oral endotracheal

An improved method for the determination of urine urea nitrogen by direct nesslerization

Abstract 1.1. A new method for the determination of urea nitrogen in urine has been developed. The urine, if neutral or alkaline, is made just acid to litmus with glacial acetic acid, diluted, and treated with permutit to remove the ammonia. The urea in the urine is then hydrolyzed to ammonium carbonate by the action of a highly concentrated urease reagent in fifteen minutes at 50 °C. The concentrated urease and any other interfering proteins are then removed from the urine by treatment with tungstic acid. Urea nitrogen is determined colorimetrically, without turbidity interference, after nesslerization of the filtrate. 2.2. The above method for the determination of urine urea nitrogen is an application of the Taylor-Blair method for determining blood urea nitrogen. 3.3. In our hands this method for determining urine urea nitrogen values has proved comparable in accuracy to the standard aeration and titration methods. It has shown a high degree of accuracy in the recovery of urea added to urine. 4.4. The method offers a degree of ease and practicability of manipulation which allows many determinations to be made at the same time, requires no additional apparatus, and eliminates technical difficulties and inaccuracies of aeration and distillation procedures. 5.5. This method, when combined with the Taylor-Blair method for the determination of blood urea nitrogen, gives a marked degree of speed and accuracy, which makes the blood urea clearance determination as a clinical measure of kidney function readily available.

THE UREA TOLERANCE TEST

This investigation was undertaken to determine whether the changes in blood urea concentration following the ingestion of urea could be utilized in the estimation of kidney function. Certain properties of urea, which are generally recognized, make this substance suitable for such purposes. Urea is extremely soluble. It is rapidly absorbed unchanged from the gastro-intestinal tract.1 It is distributed in uniform concentration in practically all the tissues of the body.2 It is nontoxic even in large doses.3 Urea is a normal metabolite and a natural stimulus to the kidneys in direct proportion to its concentration in the blood.4 The determination of blood urea nitrogen is simple and accurate. Under normal conditions, urea is excreted chiefly by the kidneys; elimination through the intestine and skin being negligible.1 There is some evidence indicating that urea is more than an inert excretory product of nitrogen metabolism. The addition of urea to perfusion

THE INFLUENCE OF HIGH PROTEIN DIET ON THE KIDNEYS

Seven groups of rats were fed on diets containing protein varying in amount from 1.36 to 40.13 per cent derived mainly from grain, casein, meat, and milk with carbohydrate, fat, and vitamines. From a number of animals one kidney was removed to double the load on the remaining one. The time of feeding was from 9 weeks to 6 months. Blood uric acid, blood urea nitrogen determinations, and microscopic examinations of the kidneys revealed no evidence of kidney damage. There was evidence of kidney hypertrophy consisting of increased weight of the kidney, large diameters of the capillary tufts, convoluted tubules, and kidneys in the animals receiving high protein diet. The nephrectomized animals that ate high protein had no kidney changes save hypertrophy and this amounted to an increase in weight of an average of 0.54 gm. or 85 per cent of the average weight of the right kidneys of the controls.