Determinants Of Tourists Research Articles

Marine tourism and environmental preservation: determinants of tourists’ ecofriendly behavior and promotion through word-of-mouth

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the factors that impact tourists’ engagement in environmentally friendly behaviors (BI) and their promotion of a destination through word-of-mouth (WOM) while attending marine tourism. The research uses a stringent methodology, including sufficient/necessary condition analysis and fsQCA, to examine the essential and sufficient conditions for the presence of BI and WOM. By comparing established theory with the proposed model, this research also identifies a combination of factors, such as the presence of moral norm and the absence of social norm, that influence BI and WOM. This study holds potential for theoretical expansion in future tourism studies.

Understanding the behaviour of medical tourists: implications for strategy development

ABSTRACT Strategy and policy development for medical tourism largely depends on knowledge and understanding of the behavioral intentions of patients for cross-border travel to seek healthcare services. This study utilizes the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) and decision tree models to explore the behavioral intentions of medical tourists and identify key factors for predicting medical tourism adoption decisions by patients. Safety expectancy and waiting time are found to be the most influential features for the prediction of behavioral intention and adoption behavior. Though social influence and price-value are found to be very important in predicting behavioral intentions, these features become redundant in predicting medical tourism adoption behavior. This study also reveals that medical tourists rarely consider recreational benefits as a supplementary service besides health services; rather, they decide to pursue medical services based on the primary healthcare service itself. This finding can provide deep knowledge to develop policies and strategies for medical tourism. Highlights An expanded conceptual framework is proposed to explore medical tourism. Six major factors emerged as determinants of tourists’ behavioral intentions. Impact of effort expectancy on behavioral intention is insignificant. Safety expectancy and waiting time are dominant predictors of behavioral intention. No significant impact of hedonic urge on medical tourism adoption behaviour.

Awareness, Participation And Constraints To Cultural Festivals Tourism In Idanre Hills Resort, Nigeria

Festivals are events celebrated in a particular community to showcase the rich cultural heritage of the people. This study investigated the awareness, participation and constraints to cultural festivals tourism in Idanre Hills Resort, Ondo State, Nigeria. Data collection was through admnistration of structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. The sample size was 250 tourists and 20 key informants. Data were analysed and presented descriptively. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data collected through interview was carried out. Logistic regression was used to test the hypothesis. The result of the study established the presence of four cultural festivals currently celebrated at Idanre Hills Resort. More than half of the tourists (57.2%) were not aware of the cultural festivals at the Resort while 26.0% particpated in cultural festivals. In addition, 52.4% of those not currently participating in cultural festivals at the Resort were willing to particpate in the future. The main potential constraints towards the development of cultural festival tourism identified was insecurity (Mean=4.20). Education (p<0.01), employment status (p<0.01), and income (p<0.0 ) were the determinants of tourists’ awareness of cultural festivals at the Resorts while education (p<0.01), religion (p<0.01), and employment status (p<0.01) were the determinants of tourists’ willigness to participate in cultural festival tourism at the Resort. Wider, aggressive, and sustained publicity and promotion of cultural festivals, adequate government support and security at the festivals destination are recommended..

Pro-environmental behavior in tourism and hospitality: science mapping of present and future trends

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the knowledge structure of pro-environmental behavior in the tourism and hospitality industry. Two bibliometric analyses explore current and emerging themes through bibliographic coupling analysis and co-word analysis. Findings depict that the current and emerging streams in pro-environmental behavior are primarily associated with the determinants of tourists’ behavior. The future streams suggest that themes are related to driving pro-environmental behavior through attitudes, values, norms and the development of satisfaction and loyalty. The implications of this study are relevant to stakeholders, operators, and destination practitioners to encourage and promote pro-environmental behavior as part of sustainability development initiatives.

Determinants of tourists’ willingness to pay for conservation of ecotourism destinations: A case study of Ikogosi Warm Spring Resort, Nigeria

Tourist WTP was estimated using the contingent value method for conservation and protection of Ikogosi Warm Spring Resort in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The Warm Spring is one of Tourist WTP was estimated using the contingent value method for conservation and protection of Ikogosi Warm Spring Resort in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The Warm Spring is one of Nigeria's most beautiful environments, attracting a big number of tourists each year and serving as a significant ecotourism development location. In order to evaluate if demographic characteristics, awareness of natural resource conservation, tourist behavior, motivation, and satisfaction affect WTP, a face-to-face survey employing a questionnaire was done with two groups of tourists, domestic and international visitors to the site. The maximum amount that tourists were willing to pay was computed using the mean and median values. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors that influence tourists' WTP. For domestic tourists, the mean and median maximum amount they were willing to pay was US$2.57 and US$2.37 respectively, and for international tourists, US$1.27 and US$1.00. Age, education, income, domicile, and nationality all had an impact on the tourists' WTP, according to the research. It has been suggested that the site's management may use these elements to segment tourists for marketing purposes in order to secure the site's long-term viability.

Tourist satisfaction with online car-hailing: evidence from Hangzhou City, China

ABSTRACT This study develops a theoretical framework based on the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) model to examine the formation and determinants of tourists’ satisfaction with online car-hailing. Self-administered questionnaires were used to survey 486 tourists in Hangzhou, China. The results show that the perceived quality and value of online car-hailing have a significant positive impact on tourist satisfaction. Perceived value partially mediated the relationship between perceived quality and tourist satisfaction. Further, perceived quality and perceived value played a chain mediating effect on the relationship between tourist expectation and tourist satisfaction. In addition, this study verified that satisfaction negatively impacts complaints and positively impacts loyalty, and complaints negatively impact loyalty. Management implications and recommendations for future research are also discussed.

Determinants of tourists’ intention to share travel experience on social media: an fsQCA application

ABSTRACT Sharing travel experience on social media has gained substantial popularity in the Internet era. However, existing knowledge about tourists’ determinants for sharing remains inconsistent and scattered. This study seeks to propose an innovative direction to analyze the determinants of tourists’ intention to share travel experience on social media. Building upon the complexity theory, this study implemented an asymmetrical analysis by applying the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) approach on a sample of 383 valid questionnaires. A structural equation modeling analysis and cross-tabulation analysis were also performed. The results revealed five causal configurations of determinants that lead to Chinese tourists’ high sharing intention on WeChat. The finding fills the gap in research on determinants to share travel experiences on strong-tie social media platforms and offers practical insights and marketing advice about how to encourage tourists to share their travel experiences on mainstream social media.

Determinants of tourists' length of stay.

This paper aims to identify the determinants of the length of stay (LoS) of international tourists in Norway. The paper reassesses the standard assumption related to tourists’ LoS; it refers to the travel industry’s current trends, and it postulates a more sustainable approach to analyzing tourists’ LoS at the destination level. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations. The data for this study were collected during 153 data collection days and among 5,300 travelers in Norway. The determinants of LoS were analyzed by means of an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. The results indicate that tourists’ LoS is positively related to their age, interests (nature-based tourists), origin (German, Dutch tourists) and mode of travel organization (package tourists). A negative and significant effect on tourists’ LoS was found for tourists’ interests (urban-based tourists), spending, and origin (home market, long-haul tourists). No significant results were revealed for two covariates, namely, gender and repeat visitation.

Determinants of tourists’ intentions to agrotourism in vietnam from perspectives of Value – Belief – Norm theory

ABSTRACT This study proposed a theoretical framework based on Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) theory to examine tourists’ intentions to undertake agrotourism and to behave pro-environmentally while travelling in Vietnam, and assess the moderating effect of tourist sources. The results validate VBN theory explaining that tourists’ intentions could be determined through the chain of values beliefs, and personal norms, contributing to the theoretical evidence within the context of Vietnam’s agrotourism. Practical implications were drawn from the findings that reveal some similarities and differences between Vietnamese and international tourists, indicating that two groups are not homogeneous then suggest marketing strategies for Vietnam’s agrotourism market.

DEVELOPING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-BASED TOURISM: STUDY ON A TOURIST VILLAGE

Advances in information technology demand adaptation in all aspects of life, including the tourism sector. The development of technology-based tourism must align with the increasingly massive use of social media, internet and the emergence of a cashless society. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence tourists' perceptions of the development of technology-based tourism and the determinants of tourists' decisions to revisit tourist destinations, with the OLS and Logistic Model. The regression analysis shows that the increasing use of social media, cashless habits, and the younger age are prefer to develop technology-based tourism. Tourists will revisit the destination if the tourist attraction and satisfaction level are more reliable.

Determinants of Tourists’ Site-Specific Environmentally Responsible Behavior: An Eco-Sensitive Zone Perspective

This study examines the role of individual values, attitudes, and situational reasons for determining site-specific environmentally responsible behavior (s-ERB) at eco-sensitive zones. It deploys a mixed-methods approach that includes in-depth interviews with 25 visitors to elicit reasons for/against s-ERB, and a survey of 540 visitors to empirically validate the proposed model using structural equation modeling. The qualitative interviews evoked four reasons for s-ERB (felt responsibility, environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, personal norm) and three reasons against s-ERB (structural constraints, conflicting goals, tokenism). The model validation confirms that the reasons serve as an important linkage between the tourists’ biospheric values and their pro-environmental attitude and s-ERB, with no direct relation between values/attitudes and behavior. This work affirms the simultaneity of reasons for and against evoking s-ERB, and it conveys the importance of eco-sensitive zone managers activating the reasons for and suppressing the reasons against promoting s-ERB to tourists.

Explore the World Responsibly: The Antecedents of Ethical Tourism Behaviors in China

While ethical tourism is becoming more important in the tourist industry, relatively little is known about ethical tourism in China and what motivates Chinese tourists to undertake ethical tourism. This study examines this issue by adopting the planned behavior theory to explore the impact of Chinese tourists’ personal factors, positive social influence, image of destination and quality of services on their behavioral intentions in order to better understand what motivate Chinese tourists to participate ethical tourism. The results show that knowledge of ethical tourism, attitude toward ethical tourism, influences from family and friends, and local environment of the destinations are the key factors that drive Chinese tourists to undertake ethical tourism. In addition, service customization, service support and past experiences with ethical tourism are also important determinants of tourists’ satisfaction with ethical tourism, which further affects Chinese tourists’ intention to visit. Implications for ethical tourism marketing and management are then discussed with reference to how to promote more ethical tourism.

Determinants of tourists' length of stay in cultural destination: one-night vs longer stays

PurposeThis paper aims to empirically analyze tourists' length of stay in Istanbul, an important cultural destination. The objective of the study is twofold: (1) uncovering the qualitative difference between one-night visitors and longer stay visitors and (2) for those visitors staying longer at the tourism destination, investigating the key determinants of length of stay.Design/methodology/approachThis research was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to international tourists who were about to leave the destination. To perform the analysis, we applied a two-step approach: first, we opted for classical binary logit to investigate the tourists' group membership (one-night vs longer stays); second, we applied a zero-truncated Poisson model for uncovering the drivers of length of stay for longer stay visitors.FindingsThe results confirmed the structural difference between the two visitor subgroups. Moreover, we found a positive impact of cultural attributes on tourists' length of stay.Practical implicationsThe findings provide useful information for destination managers and planners, highlighting the importance of designing different tourism policies in light of tourists' heterogeneity. Moreover, the results confirmed the importance of the preservation and promotion of cultural attributes, given that these are a key factor in determining the success of a destination.Originality/valueThe importance and originality of this study are that it explores the impact of cultural/heritage attributes of the destination on tourists' length of stay. Moreover, it sheds light on the qualitative difference between short- and long-stay visitors.

Retracted: Understanding memorable tourism experiences as the determinants of tourists’ behavior

Retracted: Understanding memorable tourism experiences as the determinants of tourists’ behavior

Determinants of Tourists’ Arrivals in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Conceptual Framework

Determinants of Tourists’ Arrivals in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Conceptual Framework

Determinants of tourists’ length of stay at various tourist attractions based on cellular data

ABSTRACT This paper aimed to investigate contributing factors in length of stay at various types of tourist attractions based on cellular data. Accelerated failure time (AFT) models with three error terms distribution were compared: Weibull, log-normal, and log-logistic. The model with frailty was further used to accommodate unobserved heterogeneity. Potential factors related to attractions and trip characteristics are selected. A case study on Yi-Lan County, Taiwan, where has a variety of sightseeing spots attracting visitors, was conducted. The estimation results show that the Log-normal AFT model with frailty performs best. The key contributing factors in length of stay are city of origin, travel distance, entrance time, travel mode, and sequence of visited spots.

Understanding memorable tourism experiences as the determinants of tourists' behaviour

AbstractThis study empirically investigated a theoretical model predicting the direct and indirect effects of memorable tourism experiences (MTEs) on behavioural intentions via destination image and tourists' satisfaction in yoga tourism. This research was conducted using data collected from 502 tourists visiting Rishikesh in India. Using confirmatory factor analysis and SPSS macro (PROCESS), findings confirmed that MTEs influenced behavioural intentions both directly and indirectly via destination image and tourists' satisfaction. MTEs were found as the strongest influencer of behavioural intentions in yoga tourism. This study opposes those researchers and practitioners who argued tourists' satisfaction alone as the most significant influencer of destination performance.

Does Motivation and Trust Important for Tourists’ Loyalties? A Quantitative Perspective from Golf Tourism in Bali of Indonesia

Golf is one of several sport tourist attractions that are increasingly demanding by domestic and foreign tourists during their visit to Bali. Unlike the others type of tourist attractions, golf tourism could be classified as a quality attraction. Tourists who play golf spend more money than other sport activities. Refers to this fact, golf tourism could be an alternative to realizing the establishment of quality tourism in Bali. This work aims to study the significance of the determinants of tourists' satisfaction as well as their loyalty in visiting Bali as a destination that offers golf attractions. Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation from golfers are positioned as the antecedent of the level of satisfaction with their trust to the golf providers acts as the mediation of the causal relationship occured. Using 5-scale Likert questionnaire, the opinions of 113 foreign tourists who played golf in Bali were used to examine the structural equation models that were built. The results of the analysis show that both types of motivation have positive influences on tourist trust in golf operators, and through the trust mediation, these motivations positively influence the level of tourist loyalties. The results of the analysis also showed that tourists’ trust to the golf operators had a significant effect on tourist loyalty. The main findings of this research conclude the vital role of tourists’ trust to the golf operators in Bali in increasing their loyalty to play golf while visiting Bali.
 Keywords : golf, trust, satisfaction, loyalties, motivation, SEM.

The economic value and determinants of tourists’ counterfeit purchases: The case of Hong Kong

Counterfeiting of fashion brands is a multi-billion dollar industry with an increasing number of goods being counterfeited. This research takes a demand-side approach to measuring counterfeiting activity among tourists in Hong Kong. Non-deceptive counterfeit purchases by tourists in Hong Kong amount to US$761.32 million per year. Tourists’ decision of whether to purchase counterfeit goods depended on a mix of extrinsic and intrinsic factors including psychometric variables, trip-related characteristics, and sociodemographics. Lowering the prices of genuine goods and explaining the risks of purchasing counterfeit goods would be the most effective anti-counterfeit measures. However, lowering the price of genuine goods can diminish the brand image of these luxury items.

Familiarity and visit characteristics as determinants of tourists' experience at a cruise destination

The main aim of this study was to examine the differences in the interrelationships between destination image-satisfaction-behavioural intention across cruise tourists with varying visit characteristics (length of stay and type of visit arrangement) and familiarity. The data for the study was obtained through interviews with cruise passengers visiting a major Spanish port of call. The results revealed that both familiarity (informational and behavioural) and type of visit arrangement (excursion versus independent visit) moderated the hypothesized structural relationships. The moderating role of length of stay onshore was only demonstrated on the impact of satisfaction on behavioural intentions. The findings make several contributions to the current literature on cruise tourist behaviour.