Deterioration In Use Research Articles

Laser Line Generators for Light‐sectioning in Rail Inspection

AbstractModern measuring techniques often involve using lasers specifically designed for the demanding requirements of industrial tasks. An increasing number of laser diodes have become available in the green and blue region of the visible spectrum so that laser‐diode based modules now cover the full range from UV to IR. A variety of beam‐shaping techniques can be used to produce the particular beam profile necessary for a specific measuring task. One application is the continuous monitoring of rail profiles during rail production or of their deterioration in use by mounting the test system on the train itself. The geometry of the rail can be determined by using laser lines and the laser light‐sectioning method. The in situ measurement of wear ensures that the repair of the affected rail sections is performed in time.

Impact strength of new and used safety goggles

Tests were made on the lenses of several hundred safety goggles and parameters that were thought to have influenced the impact strength were studied. Most of the goggles were retrieved after various periods of use in a wide range of conditions. The important parameters were found to be ambient temperature and whether the goggles were kept in the original boxes. The tests showed that most new goggles had insufficient excess strength to allow for deterioration in use. Some goggle frames were also examined. Although a few possessed an impact resistance at least equal to that of the lens, the frames of most types were found to be incapable of resisting the impact of a standard test.

MAINTENANCE OF CUTTING OILS IN SERVICE

UNLIKE conventional lubricating oils used on machine tools, cutting fluids can be a complex formulations of oils, fats, emulsifiers and chemical additives. These products are carefully formulated to meet specific production requirements but lack of maintenance, both in storage and during use, can seriously affect their performance. Deterioration in use may result in objectionable odours, present a health hazard to the operator or cause corrosion of the work piece and machine tool. Unfortunately, with the possible exception of very large machine shops, the care and maintenance of cutting fluids is often left to a greaser or labourer. Therefore, the object of this paper is to present some basic facts on this much neglected subject.

DETERIORATION OF USED CRANKCASE OILS

Four papers dealing with the deterioration in use of I.C. engine crankcase oils were read before the I.Pet. on 24th March, and we give below, in very brief form, the principal points of each. The papers were based on work carried out by the Shell Petroleum Co. Ltd., at the Thornton Research Centre.