Detection Of Violence Research Articles

Health Care, Including Mental Health Care, Is Human Right, Trustees Declare

Health Care, Including Mental Health Care, Is Human Right, Trustees Declare

Barriers to Screening Pregnant Women for Domestic Violence: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background informationDomestic Violence (DV) is associated with serious consequences to the survivor’s physical, emotional, sexual, social and mental well-being. DV screening ensures timely detection of violence and hence promotes timely intervention. This timely intervention has the potential of averting adverse outcomes of DV to the survivor. Globally, the prevalence of DV among women is 35% and in Kenya its 49% among women and 13.5% among pregnant women. Despite the adverse outcome of DV in pregnancy, screening during pregnancy lags behind in Kenya.PurposeTo assess the nursing barriers to screening pregnant women for DV.MethodologyA cross-sectional study of 125 nurses selected by random sampling method was conducted at a National Maternity Hospital in Kenya. Data was collected for 8 weeks using researchers developed structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Chi-square test was used to determine significance of relationships between nominal variables. A P-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsStudy results revealed that 16% (n=8) of nurses routinely screened pregnant women for DV. Non-screening behavior of nurses was associated with lack of DV screening training during their education program (P=0.002), fear of the partner’s reaction (P=0.004) and lack of mentors and role models in DV screening (P=0.005). Lack of cooperation from other health professionals was also associated with non-screening of DV (P=0.016).The significance of the studyThe results of this study point to the need of developing hospital’s protocols on DV management and considering integrating DV screening in the routine medical screening of pregnant women during antenatal care.ConclusionThe study showed that the nurse’s prevalence of screening pregnant women for DV is low at 16% due to various barriers.

Detection of domestic violence by community mental health teams: a multi-center, cluster randomized controlled trial

BackgroundDomestic Violence and Abuse (DVA) is associated with a range of psychosocial and mental health problems. Having a psychiatric illness increases likelihood of being a victim of DVA. Despite the evidence of a high risk for DVA and the serious effects of violent victimization in psychiatric patients, detection rates are low and responses are inadequate. The aim of the BRAVE (Better Reduction trough Assessment of Violence and Evaluation) study is to improve detection of and response to DVA in psychiatric patients. In this article, we present the protocol of the BRAVE study which follows the SPIRIT guidelines.MethodsThe BRAVE study is a cluster randomized controlled trial. We will include 24 community mental health teams from Rotterdam and The Hague. Twelve teams will provide care as usual and 12 teams will receive the intervention. The intervention consists of 1) a knowledge and skills training for mental health professionals about DVA, 2) a knowledge and skills training of DVA professionals about mental illness, 3) provision and implementation of a referral pathway between community mental health and DVA services. The follow up period is 12 months. Our primary outcome is the rate of detected cases of recent or any history of DVA in patients per team in 12 months. Detection rates are obtained through a systematic search in electronic patient files. Our secondary aims are to obtain information about the gain and sustainability of knowledge on DVA in mental health professionals, and to obtain insight into the feasibility, sustainability and acceptability of the intervention. Data on our secondary aims will be obtained through structured in depth interviews and a questionnaire on knowledge and attitudes on DVA.DiscussionThis study is the first cluster randomized controlled trial to target both male and female psychiatric patients that experience DVA, using an intervention that involves training of professionals. We expect the rate of detected cases of DVA to increase in the intervention teams. With early detection of victimization of DVA in psychiatric patients we hope to improve the mental health of psychiatric patients in the short and long term.Trial registrationISRCTN:14115257. Date of registration: 15th January 2015.

Notas sobre la agresión en el medio urbano: el caso de Zaragoza

En este trabajo se plantea que la estructura de revisión medico forense en España constituye una importante fuente para el estudio de algunos aspectos de la realidad urbana y sus problemas. Se analiza el perfil de la agresión en una casuística de 167 historias de lesiones. Se trata de una comunicación previa de una investigación interdisciplinar mas amplia, encaminada a la detección de la violencia en la ciudad de Zaragoza, sus factores, aspectos territoriales y la evolución en el tiempo.

Students' Reports of Severe Violence in School as a Tool for Early Detection and Prevention.

Early detection of severe violence is a significant challenge for many schools. Three studies were conducted on samples of 6th, 8th, and 10th graders (12-16years old). The first study, based on paired reports of teachers and students (n=130), showed that a high percentage of both victims and perpetrators of severe violence are not identified by teachers but are known to students. The second and third studies were based on qualitative (n=30) and quantitative methods (n=524) and revealed the factors that explain students' willingness to report or seek help from their teachers. The findings highlight the role of victims as a source of information regarding perpetrators and suggest a new perspective for early identification of severe violence in schools.

Psychometric evidence of the transcultural adaptation of the Vulnerability Abuse Screening Scale (VASS) for the detection of violence against the elderly

Abstract Objective: to present preliminary psychometric evidence of the cross-cultural adaptation of the Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale. Method: The steps of cultural adaptation verified conceptual, item, semantic and measurement equivalence. For measurement equivalence and verification of the psychometric data of the study samples of 30 and 66 elderly persons, respectively, were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics (KR-20, T-Student Test, Pearson correlation, univariate ANOVA and the Fleiss’ Kappa Index) were used for analysis of results. Results: It was found that the age of the participants ranged between 60 and 84 years, with a majority of older women participants (n=38). The KR-20 value for the overall score of the instrument was 0.688. The values for the four dimensions proposed by the authors of the instrument were 0.528, 0.289, 0.552 and 0.303, respectively. Only the values of the subscales Vulnerability and Coercion proved to be close to those of the original study (0.550 and 0.390). Conclusion: The internal consistency values found in the present study ranged from moderate to good, indicating that the results were satisfactory, despite being initial findings.

Evaluation of a two-question screening tool in the detection of intimate partner violence in a primary healthcare setting in South Africa

Introduction: Intimate partner violence has been recognised globally as a human rights violation. It is universally under-diagnosed and the institution of timeous multi-faceted interventions has been noted to benefit intimate partner violence victims. Currently the concept of using a screening tool to detect intimate partner violence has not been widely explored in a primary healthcare setting in South Africa, and for this reason the current study was undertaken. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the operating characteristics of a two-question screening tool for intimate partner violence (Women Abuse Screening Tool–short); and (2) to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence among women attending an outpatient department, using a validated questionnaire (Women Abuse Screening Tool). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted prospectively at the outpatient department of a primary care hospital, with systematic sampling of one in eight women over a period of three months. Participants were asked about their experience of intimate partner violence during the past 12 months. The Women Abuse Screening Tool–short was used to screen patients for intimate partner violence. To verify the result of the screening, women were also asked the remaining questions from the full Women Abuse Screening Tool. Results: Data were collected from 400 participants, with a response rate of 99.3%. Based on the results for the Women Abuse Screening Tool, the prevalence of intimate partner violence in the sample was 32%. The Women Abuse Screening Tool–short was shown to have a sensitivity of 45.2% and specificity of 98%. Conclusion: With its high prevalence, intimate partner violence is a health problem at this facility. The Women Abuse Screening Tool–short lacks sufficient sensitivity and therefore is not an ideal screening tool for this primary care ambulatory setting. The low sensitivity can be attributed to the participants’ understanding of the screening questions, which utilise Eurocentric definitions of intimate partner violence. Improvement in the sensitivity of the Women Abuse Screening Tool–short in this setting may be achieved by lowering the threshold for a positive result.

Evaluation of a two-question screening tool in the detection of intimate partner violence in a primary healthcare setting in South Africa

Introduction: Intimate partner violence has been recognised globally as a human rights violation. It is universally under-diagnosed and the institution of timeous multi-faceted interventions has been noted to benefit intimate partner violence victims. Currently the concept of using a screening tool to detect intimate partner violence has not been widely explored in a primary healthcare setting in South Africa, and for this reason the current study was undertaken. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the operating characteristics of a two-question screening tool for intimate partner violence (Women Abuse Screening Tool–short); and (2) to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence among women attending an outpatient department, using a validated questionnaire (Women Abuse Screening Tool).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted prospectively at the outpatient department of a primary care hospital, with systematic sampling of one in eight women over a period of three months. Pa...

Evaluation of the users violence in primary health care: Adaptation of an instrument

Background/Objetivo: According to the World Health Organization, one out of every four violent workplace acts takes place in the health setting. The aims of the study are to study the prevalence of workplace violence in primary healthcare (PHC) professionals by adapting the Healthcare-worker's Aggresive Behaviour Scale-Users (HABS-U), to establish the frequency of exposure to hostile indicators and to determine which professional group is most exposed. Method: Study through qualitative and quantitative methodology in PHC professionals of the Region of Murcia (Spain). In the qualitative phase in-depth interviews were conducted and during the quantitative phase the instrument was used to 574 professionals of 39 PHC centres. Results: The resulting scale shows excellent psychometric properties and correlates significantly with job satisfaction, burnout components, the factors of empathy and psychological well-being. There was a 90.2% prevalence of user violence, and non-medical personnel were found to be the professional group most exposed. Conclusion: The distribution of user violence is not homogeneous among the different professional groups of PHC. The adaptation of the scale may be useful for detection of user violence, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of intervention programs.

Violence against women and cervical cancer screening: a systematic review.

To present a systematic review of papers published on the relationship between violence against women and cervical cancer screening. Violence against women is a serious public health problem. This phenomenon can have negative effects on victims' health and affect the frequency at which they receive cervical cancer screening. A systematic literature review. This study was carried out in October 2015 with searches of the Lilacs, PubMed and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: violence, domestic violence, battered women, spouse abuse, Papanicolaou test, vaginal smears, early detection of cancer and cervix uteri. Eight papers published between 2002-2013 were included in this review, most of which were cross-sectional studies. Three studies found no association between victimisation and receiving Pap testing, and five studies reported an association. These contradictory results were due to higher or lower examination frequencies among the women who had experienced violence. The results of this study indicate that the association between violence against women and cervical cancer screening remains inconclusive, and they demonstrate the need for more detailed studies to help clarify this relationship. Professionals who aid women should be knowledgeable regarding the perception and detection of violence so that they can interrupt the cycle of aggression, which has harmful impacts on victims' health.

The Impact of Intimate Male Partner Violence on Women's Sexual Function: A Study in Iran.

Sexuality is an integral part of a woman's life. A variety of factors can affect a woman's sexuality, among them physical disorders, social-religious beliefs, age, psychological factors, depression, mental tension, disbelief, an unfulfilling relationship with one's spouse and emotional and physical violence. The present study aimed to explore the rate of domestic violence against women and its impact on women's sexuality. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 813 women referring to the gynaecology clinics of Jahrom, Iran, from April to October 2015. Data were collected using a demographics questionnaire, a violence questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The collected data were analysed using Student's t-test and logistic regression. The prevalence of violence was found to be 43.2%. Also, there was a significant relationship between violence and age (OR=1.33 95% CI=2.22-7.95, p<0.001). The rate of violence was found to increase by 3.1 times with an increase in the length of marriage (OR=3.1595% CI=1.42-4.12, p<0.001). Moreover, domestic violence significantly correlated with women's education level (OR=11.75 95% CI=2.15-64.12, p=0.002) and their husband's education level (OR=0.194, 95%CI=0.329-0.919, p=0.02). The results showed that the sexual function mean score of non-abused women and abused women were 17.74±8.82 and 14.59±10.63, respectively. However, a significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the domains of sexual function (p<0.05). This study showed that the frequency of domestic violence is rather high and that can increase the risk of sexual dysfunction. Thus, routine screening for violence and sexual dysfunction is recommended for early detection of violence and sexual dysfunction.

Violencia en la relación de pareja de los alumnos de enfermería, 2015

Introducción: La Encuesta Nacional sobre Diná­mica de las Relaciones en los Hogares (ENDIREH) 2011, reporto que el 46.1% de las mujeres de más de 15 años han sufrido violencia de parte de sus parejas. Objetivo: Conocer y adentrarse en el estudio de violencia en las relaciones de pareja de los estu­diantes de la ENEO-UNAM. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, la unidad de observación fueron alumnos de las carreras: Lic. en Enfermería y Lic. en Enfermería y Obstetricia, el muestreo fue no probabilístico. Se aplicó un cuestionario exprofeso “Detección de violencia en pareja”, de 15 reactivos. Resultados: Se estudiaron 112 alumnos, el 84.8% correspondió al género femenino, el 51% tienen menos 20 años, 37% tiene entre 20-23 y el 12% más de 23 años de edad. El 85.7% de las (os) alumnos, informo que tiene violencia emocional (controla su tiempo, celos y la acusa de ser le infiel), El 38.3% está en proceso de gestación de dependencia, el 15.8% tiene violencia económica, el 1.8% dijo tener violencia física, el 8.9% reportó violencia psicoló­gica y solo se reportó un caso de violación por parte de su pareja. Conclusiones: Se confirma que existe violencia en las relaciones de pareja de tipo: emocional, dependencia, física, económica y sexual en los alumnos de enfermería, por lo que se debe de implementar y aplicar una intervención para dismi­nuir esta. Es necesario fomentar que toda pareja llegue a acuerdos, donde se establezcan límites y distancias, sobre todo fomentar el mutuo respeto.

Detection of intimate partner violence and recommendation for joint family mediation: A randomized controlled trial of two screening measures.

Given controversy about whether mediation is a safe option for parties with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV), there is agreement that staff should conduct systematic IPV screening prior to conducting family mediation sessions; yet, measures to do so are limited and new. The present study is a randomized controlled trial comparing use of a standardized, behaviorally specific screen (Mediator’s Assessment of Safety Issues and Concerns, MASIC) to a less specific mediation clinic IPV screen (Multi-Door screen) for rates of IPV detection. We also examined rates of recommendation to joint mediation resulting from use of the 2 screens. The sample was 741 divorcing or never married parties seeking mediation at the D.C. Superior Court’s Multi-Door Dispute Resolution Division. Results indicated that parties were at greater odds of reporting IPV and IPV-related risk factors (i.e., injury, fear) on the MASIC compared with the Multi-Door screen. However, overall, neither screen was more likely than the other to lead to a case not being recommended for joint mediation. Regardless of screen, cases identified as higher risk were less likely to be recommended for joint mediation, and relative to the Multi-Door screen, the MASIC identified more high risk cases. Thus, a greater percentage of high risk cases were not recommended for joint mediation when the MASIC was used. In exploratory analyses, findings suggest that type of IPV behavior reported, level of IPV and abuse victimization, and the recency of such behaviors significantly impact recommendation decisions.

Traumatic episodes and mental health effects in young men and women in Rwanda, 17 years after the genocide

ObjectivesTo investigate mental health effects associated with exposure to trauma in Rwanda during the 1994 genocide period, and over the lifetime, in Rwandan men and women aged 20–35 years.SettingThis was...

Percepción y etiquetado de la experiencia violenta en las relaciones de noviazgo juvenil

ObjectiveTo describe the intimate partner violence suffered by youth and to identify the descriptions that best classify it according to gender. MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among a sample of 3,087 adult Spanish students. The CUVINO questionnaire was used, which measures 8 forms of intimate partner violence and uses 3 descriptions to classify it (abuse, fear and entrapment). Logistic regressions were carried out to identify differences by gender and associations between the subtypes of intimate partner violence and descriptions of the violent experience. ResultsNearly half of the sample (44.6%) had some situation of unperceived violence, mainly of “detachment” (30.0%) and “coercion” (25.1%). All subtypes of intimate partner violence were more frequently perpetrated by women. The largest difference by gender was found in “emotional punishment” (experienced by 20.9% of men vs. 7.6% of women) and “physical violence” (6.6% vs. 2.3%). A total of 28.7% felt trapped, 11.8% felt fear and 6.3% felt mistreated. Men more frequently described themselves as trapped, but less often as afraid or abused. The subtype of intimate partner violence most associated with the feeling of entrapment was coercion in both men (OR=3.8) and women (OR=5.7). ConclusionsMen and women face intimate partner violence while dating differently; resources are needed to address them specifically. The inclusion of routine questions about the sense of entrapment may contribute to the early detection of intimate partner violence. Subtle forms of violence, such as coercion, should be taken into account in awareness campaigns.

Family violence among older adult patients consulting in primary care clinics: results from the ESA (Enquête sur la santé des aînés) services study on mental health and aging.

To document the reliability and construct validity of the Family Violence Scale (FVS) in the older adult population aged 65 years and older. Data came from a cross-sectional survey, the Enquête sur la santé des aînés et l'utilisation des services de santé (ESA Services Study), conducted in 2011-2013 using a probabilistic sample of older adults waiting for medical services in primary care clinics (n = 1765). Family violence was defined as a latent variable, coming from a spouse and from children. A model with 2 indicators of violence; that is, psychological and financial violence, and physical violence, adequately fitted the observed data. The reliability of the FVS was 0.95. According to our results, 16% of older adults reported experiencing some form of family violence in the past 12 months of their interview, and 3% reported a high level of family violence (FVS > 0.36). Our results showed that the victim's sex was not associated with the degree of violence (β = 0.02). However, the victim's age was associated with family violence (β = -0.12). Older adults, aged 75 years and older, reported less violence than those aged between 65 and 74 years. Our results lead us to conclude that family violence against older adults is common and warrants greater public health and political attention. General practitioners could play an active role in the detection of violence among older adults.

Verbalno in posredno nasilje v urgentni dejavnosti

Uvod: Namen raziskave je bil proučiti pojavnost verbalnega in drugih oblik posrednega nasilja na vzorcu zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi v urgentni dejavnosti, in sicer identificirati pogostost doživljanja, oblike nasilja, najpogostejše povzročitelje nasilja, zaznane vzroke ter demografske spremenljivke zaposlenih, ki nasilje na delovnem mestu zaznavajo pogosteje. Metode: Raziskava je bila opravljena na nenaključnem vzorcu zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi v urgentnih ambulantah primarne in sekundarne ravni zdravstvenega varstva (n = 62) v severnoprimorski regiji. Uporabljen je bil strukturirani vprašalnik, ki je vključeval 18 vprašanj. Podatki so bili obdelani s frekvencami, strukturnimi deleži in testom χ2. Rezultati: Dve tretjini udeležencev (46 izborov oz. 74,2 %) je že doživelo verbalno ali druge oblike posrednega nasilja na delovnem mestu, predvsem v obliki aktivnega neposrednega verbalnega nasilja s strani svojcev in pacientov. Najpogosteje zaznani razlogi nasilja so neustrezni, prenapolnjeni čakalni prostori (36 izborov). Tovrstno nasilje pogosteje zaznavajo zaposleni z daljšo delovno dobo (χ2 = 9,841, p = 0,003) ter starejši delavci (χ2 = 4,891, p = 0,041). Stopnja verbalnega in posrednega nasilja se je po oceni udeležencev z leti zmerno do opazno povečala. Diskusija in zaključek: Dobljeni rezultati so primerljivi z rezultati raziskav v tujini. Nadaljnje raziskave se morajo usmeriti v podrobnejšo fenomenološko izkušnjo doživljanja nasilja na delovnem mestu.

Interventions with families in difficulty and the role of the multi-disciplinary team (MDT): The UK approach

Introduction: Early prevention and detection of problem parenting, family violence and child maltreatment is traditionally classified into three levels: primary prevention (universal services aimed at the whole population); secondary prevention (targeted services for families identified as in need of further support); and tertiary prevention (services offered once difficulties have occurred). However, increasingly it has been argued that problem parenting and child maltreatment should be considered within the broader context of child welfare, families and communities (World Health Organisation, 2002; Browne et al, 2006). This has been termed the public health approach which promotes child care and protection within the broader context of child welfare, families and communities. Families who come into contact with health and social services can be assessed in terms of need by considering the following three factors: • Assessment of children’s development needs in general • Assessment of the parent(s) capacity to respond appropriately to their child’s needs • Assessment of the wider social and environmental factors that impact on the capacity to parent Aims: The primary focus of health care professionals is the prevention of child disability, morbidity and mortality. To promote the early detection of child maltreatment, history-taking by doctors and nurses should include components that identify risk factors associated with child abuse and neglect. Conclusion and discussion: However, the risk approach will identify a number of false alarms and so these at risk families should not be labelled but placed in priority for services. Most authors conclude that a multi-sector, multi-disciplinary team (MDT) approach is the most effective way of working together to promote children’s rights to grow and develop in a safe family environment and provide care and protection to children.

VSD, a public dataset for the detection of violent scenes in movies: design, annotation, analysis and evaluation

Content-based analysis to find where violence appears in multimedia content has several applications, from parental control and children protection to surveillance. This paper presents the design and annotation of the Violent Scene Detection dataset, a corpus targeting the detection of physical violence in Hollywood movies. We discuss definitions of physical violence and provide a simple and objective definition which was used to annotate a set of 18 movies, thus resulting in the largest freely-available dataset for such a task. We discuss borderline cases and compare with annotations based on a subjective definition which requires multiple annotators. We provide a detailed analysis of the corpus, in particular regarding the relationship between violence and a set of key audio and visual concepts which were also annotated. The VSD dataset results from two years of benchmarking in the framework of the MediaEval initiative. We provide results from the 2011 and 2012 benchmarks as a validation of the dataset and as a state-of-the-art baseline. The VSD dataset is freely available at the address: http://www.technicolor.com/en/innovation/research-innovation/scientific-data-sharing/violent-scenes-dataset..

Nurse(s) make a Difference on Early Detection of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Pregnancy: A Study Case

Violence against women in the perinatal period is common and leads to negative health outcomes for women and infants. This case presentation demonstrates the value of home visit interventions and nursing implications for abused pregnant woman. A single case study was utilized in this research. The only participant in this study was Canan K.*, a 20 year-old pregnant living in Izmir, Turkey. Home visiting interventions addressing intimate partner violence in perinatal period have been effective in minimizing intimate partner violence and improving outcomes. In this case, the nursing educators and primary health care nurse served as an advocate for the abused woman, supporting her in her decision-making and providing necessary resources and referrals.