Detection Of Sulfur Dioxide Research Articles

Utilizing armchair and zigzag nanoribbons for improved detection of SO2 Toxicity with graphene biosensor

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), with their distinctive structural and electronic characteristics, offer significant potential for use as biosensors in the detection of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) levels. This study employs Density Functional Theory (DFT) to evaluate the sensitivity of armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) to SO₂ gas. Specifically, we investigate the influence of SO₂ molecules on the electronic and transport characteristics of both pure and Cr-doped zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) and Cr-doped AGNRs. Key electronic properties, including band structure, adsorption energy, and density of states (DOS), were analyzed following SO₂ adsorption. The results indicate that Cr doping leads to significant changes in the electronic properties of AGNRs upon SO₂ exposure, including alterations in the Fermi surface that result in band separation and the formation of a forbidden band. The adsorption energy of Cr-doped AGNR increased from 0.07 eV (pristine AGNR) to 0.55 eV (Cr-doped AGNR), nearly eight times higher, indicating strong chemisorption of SO₂. These findings suggest that Cr-doped AGNRs exhibit high sensitivity to SO₂, making them promising candidates for gas detection. Furthermore, this study reveals that SO₂ adsorption in the armchair direction results in a more pronounced peak-to-valley ratio compared to the zigzag direction, highlighting distinct characteristics in SO₂ adsorption behavior. These findings could facilitate the development of advanced sensors with improved sensitivity and selectivity for environmental monitoring and safety applications.

Responsive photoactive probe based photoelectrochemical sensor for sulfur dioxide

AbstractThis study introduces a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor for the highly selective detection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) using an organic photoactive molecule probe (OPM). OPM is synthesized through a one‐step coupling reaction, featuring a typical photosensitizer D‐π‐A structure. By covalently bonding OPM with a TiO2 substrate, a PEC sensor is constructed, exhibiting a significant photocurrent response under visible light excitation. The specific addition reaction between SO2 and OPM disrupts its conjugated structure, reducing the photocurrent response and achieving highly selective detection of SO2. The sensor demonstrates excellent performance in real water samples, emphasizing its practical applications.

Near-infrared frequency upconversion fluorescent probe for rapid and sensitive visual detection of sulfur dioxide

Inflammation is a complex physiological response involving various cellular and molecular events. Sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is usually in the form of HSO3- and SO32- under physiological conditions, plays a...

Room temperature detection of sulfur dioxide using functionalized carbon nanotubes

The construction of a simple sensor structure sensitive to sulfur dioxide (SO2) based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized by nitric acid is described in this study. The functionalized MWCNTs were comparatively analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy methods, and their morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sensitivity to 5 ppm SO2 gas is based on the change of resistance of functionalized MWCNTs. Tests on the fabricated sensor were performed at room temperature and defined that functionalized MWCNTs are sensitive to SO2 gas compared with the pristine MWCNTs.

A near infrared fluorescence probe with dual-site for hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide detection

Both hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are regarded as double-edged swords. They are toxic gases at high concentration, and at low concentration they are beneficial to the human. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop single chemosensor which enable to detect them with different fluorescence signal changes. In this work, a novel dual-site fluorescence probe (AMN-SSPy) with near infrared emission (675 nm) was designed, which realized quantitative detection for H2S and SO2 by fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence quenching, respectively. AMN-SSPy showed advantages such as excellent selectivity to H2S and SO2, strong anti-interference ability, high sensitivity for H2S (LOD 1.03 µM for H2S and 77.08 µM for SO2) and low toxicity. In addition, AMN-SSPy possessed the capacity to successfully image the endogenous and exogenous H2S, and it was also used to demonstrate that Ca2+ could induce accumulation of H2S in cell and zebrafish. Finally, the rapid detection of SO2 by AMN-SSPy in real samples was also established.

Highly Selective Chemiresistive SO2 Sensor Based on a Reduced Graphene Oxide/Porphyrin (rGO/TAPP) Composite

AbstractThe emergence of toxic pollutants due to heavy human intervention in the ecosystem causes serious environmental problems. Therefore, sensors based on material having a strong affinity towards specific environmental gaseous pollutants are urgently needed. The present study deals with chemiresistive gas sensors for the detection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) based on a composite of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (TAPP). The improved Hummers method was used to synthesize graphene oxide (GO); it was further thermally reduced to rGO. The pattern of the copper electrode was coated on glass slides with a shadow mask using thermal evaporation. Then, GO was drop-cast between the two copper electrodes, thermally reduced to obtain rGO, and then modified by TAPP. The spectroscopic, structural, morphological, electrical, and optical studies were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, current–voltage (I–V) and UV–visible spectroscopy, respectively. The developed sensor shows high selectivity towards SO2 gas analytes among exposed gaseous analytes. It exhibited reproducible response from 50 ppm to 200 ppm with enhanced repeatability at 50 ppm. The rGO/TAPP sensor exhibited a significant response (57 s) and recovery time (61 s), with a 5 ppm limit of detection. Graphical Abstract

An Interference-Free Voltammetric Method for the Detection of Sulfur Dioxide in Wine Based on a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode and Reaction Electrochemistry.

This paper describes a new, simple, and highly selective analytical technique for the detection of sulfur dioxide in wine, as a real sample with a relatively complicated matrix. The detection of the above analyte was based on the electrogeneration of iodine from iodide on a boron-doped diamond electrode, without modifications, in the presence of 0.1 mol dm-3 HClO4 as a supporting electrolyte. The electrogenerated iodine reacted with sulfur dioxide, forming iodide ions and sulfuric acid (i.e., a Bunsen reaction). The product of this reaction, the iodide ion, diffused back to the surface of the boron-doped diamond electrode and oxidized itself again. This chemical redox cycling enhanced the voltammetric response of the boron-doped diamond electrode. The selectivity of the determination was assured using NaOH and formaldehyde during sample preparation, and a blank was also measured and taken into account. The detection limit was estimated to be 10-6-10-7 mol dm-3. However, the content of sulfur dioxide in wine is significantly higher, which can lead to more accurate and reliable results.

Dual-response and lysosome-targeted fluorescent probe for viscosity and sulfur dioxide derivatives

Viscosity and sulfur dioxide levels are important factors to evaluate the changes of cell micro-environment because a series of diseases usually occur when they are abnormal. At present, dual-response probes that can detect both viscosity and sulfur dioxide are rare. Therefore, we developed a novel fluorescent probe CBN for simultaneous detection of sulfur dioxide and viscosity. Besides, probe CBN could target lysosome of which normal function will be disrupted by the abnormality of viscosity. Therefore, probe CBN has the potential to be served as an effective biological tool to monitor the intracellular micro-environment.

Algorithm theoretical basis for ozone and sulfur dioxide retrievals from DSCOVR EPIC

Abstract. On board the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR), the first Earth-observing satellite at the L1 point (the first Lagrangian point in the Earth–Sun system), the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) continuously observes the entire sunlit face of the Earth. EPIC measures the solar backscattered and reflected radiances in 10 discrete spectral channels, four of which are in the ultraviolet (UV) range. These UV bands are selected primarily for total ozone (O3) and aerosol retrievals based on heritage algorithms developed for the series of Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometers (TOMS). These UV measurements also provide sensitive detection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and volcanic ash, both of which may be episodically injected into the atmosphere during explosive volcanic eruptions. This paper presents the theoretical basis and mathematical procedures for the direct vertical column fitting (DVCF) algorithm used for retrieving total vertical columns of O3 and SO2 from DSCOVR EPIC. This paper describes algorithm advances, including an improved O3 profile representation that enables profile adjustments from multiple spectral measurements and the spatial optimal estimation (SOE) scheme that reduces O3 artifacts resulting from EPIC's band-to-band misregistrations. Furthermore, this paper discusses detailed error analyses and presents intercomparisons with correlative data to validate O3 and SO2 retrievals from EPIC.

Sensitive Detection of Sulfur Dioxide by Constructing a Protein Supramolecular Complex: a New Fluorescence Sensing Strategy

Sensitive Detection of Sulfur Dioxide by Constructing a Protein Supramolecular Complex: a New Fluorescence Sensing Strategy

Synergistic effect of cubic C3N4/ZnO/C hybrid composite for selective detection of sulfur dioxide

Synergistic effect of cubic C3N4/ZnO/C hybrid composite for selective detection of sulfur dioxide

A Highly Sensitive Photonic Crystal Fiber Gas Sensor for the Detection of Sulfur Dioxide

A Highly Sensitive Photonic Crystal Fiber Gas Sensor for the Detection of Sulfur Dioxide

Detection of Sulfur Dioxide by Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (BBCEAS).

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important precursor for the formation of atmospheric sulfate aerosol and acid rain. We present an instrument using Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (BBCEAS) for the measurement of SO2 with a minimum limit of detection of 0.75 ppbv (3-) using the spectral range 305.5–312 nm and an averaging time of 5 min. The instrument consists of high-reflectivity mirrors (0.9985 at 310 nm) and a deep UV light source (Light Emitting Diode). The effective absorption path length of the instrument is 610 m with a 0.966 m base length. Published reference absorption cross sections were used to fit and retrieve the SO2 concentrations and were compared to fluorescence standard measurements for SO2. The comparison was well correlated, R2 = 0.9998 with a correlation slope of 1.04. Interferences for fluorescence measurements were tested and the BBCEAS showed no interference, while ambient measurements responded similarly to standard measurement techniques.

Au@Ag@ZIF-8 multifunction probe with internally o-phenylenediamine encoding for the colorimetric, fluorescence, and SERS multi-mode optical detection of reactive sulfur species

Visual, highly selective, and sensitive detection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and its derivatives (SO32-) in vitro/in vivo is of great significance in maintaining cell homeostasis. A new Au@Ag@ZIF-8 optical sensor with o-phenylenediamine (OPD) internal coding surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tags based on the free radical reaction was synthesized for multi-mode detection of sulfite. First, Co2+ is oxidized to Co3+. Second, the oxidoreduction between SO32- and Co3+ produces SO4-• and Co2+ to complete the cycle. The resulting SO4-• is further reacted with the chromogenic substrate OPD to form the polymer. Due to the UV–vis absorbance of OPD polymer being stronger than that of OPD, but the fluorescence intensity is lower, and their Raman peaks are obviously different, this sensor can be used for the detection of SO32- through colorimetric, fluorescence, and Raman multi-mode. The main advantages are as follows: (1) high selectivity; (2) achieve fast, visual, and highly sensitive detection of SO32-, and the low limit of detection (LOD) is 1 nM; (3) improve the reliability of detection and expands the detection range (1 nM-800 μM); (4) demonstrate the applicability in recognizing SO32- in HeLa cells to provide accurate information on the dynamic distribution of sulfur in cells.

MOF-based hybrid film for multiphase detection of sulfur dioxide with colorimetric and surface-enhanced Raman scattering readout

• The TM-Ag@NU-901 can be used as a colorimetric probe for detection of SO 2 . • The TM-Ag@NU-901 film enables reliable quantitative SERS analysis of SO 2 . • The TM-Ag@NU-901 film-based dual-mode strategy can be used for accurate detection of SO 2 in multiphase system. Accurate and selective on-site determination of gaseous molecules in real systems has spurred extensive attention because of complicated matrix and low affinities toward analytical interface. Here, we designed a smart film of porous NU-901 wrapping on thiol-magenta modified Ag nanoparticles (TM-Ag@NU-901) as chromogenic and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for detection of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). Benefiting from the SO 2 -induced nucleophilic addition reaction, the color of TM-Ag@NU-901 can change from deep-red color to pink then to colorless, leading to deterioration of colorimetric intensities and increment of SERS signals. Consequently, TM-Ag@NU-901 film can be used not only as a calibrated scale for visual discrimination towards SO 2 but also as a high-sensitive SERS sensor for credible determination of SO 2 because of their superior extraction performance and affinity toward SO 2 . Importantly, the bimodal strategy offers substantial improvement in accuracy, quantitative performance of SO 2 compared with single-channel method, and facilitates the detection of SO 2 in gas, commercial wine, and food samples in a reliable and rapid feature. The TM-Ag@NU-901 film-based sensing platform is anticipated to pave a venue for in-field applications in various environmental activities and food security.

Paper-based manganese and β-cyclodextrin sensors for colorimetric sulfur dioxide detection

Reported herein is a novel detection method for sulfur dioxide in aqueous solutions, in which the presence of sulfur dioxide leads to color changes of filter paper modified with both β-cyclodextrin and manganese. This detection method is rapid (less than 5 min required for complete color change), sensitive (limits of detection as low as 33 ppm), broadly applicable (tolerant of a range of pH values), and practical (color changes can be observed via naked eye detection and quantified via straightforward color analysis). Extensive optimization of each component provides insight into the unique stabilizing effect of cyclodextrin in preventing the filter paper from permanganate-induced degradation, and mechanistic analysis points to an oxidation-reduction reaction as responsible for the observed color changes. Overall, these results lay the groundwork for the development of practical sulfur dioxide sensors for use in the food and beverage industry, and provide precedent for the use of cyclodextrin as a stabilizing force in paper-based chemical sensors.

Phenoxazine-conjugated-benzoeindolium as a novel mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for turn-on detection of sulfur dioxide and its derivatives in vivo

As a vital important signaling molecule, sulfur dioxide (SO2) was closely related to steady state equilibrium in the body. In this study, a new turn-on fluorescent probe (PhB) has been designed and synthesized by combining phenoxazine and benzoeindolium moieties, which can adequately detect SO2 and its derivatives (HSO3-/SO32-) with high sensitivity and selectivity in PBS-DMSO (8:2, v/v, pH = 7.4) solution. Only by adding SO2 and its derivatives (HSO3-/SO32-) can lead to the dramatical enhancement of fluorescence emission at 470 nm, whose sensing mechanism was demonstrated to be the nucleophilic addition of the electron deficit carbon–carbon double bonds with SO2 and its derivatives (HSO3-/SO32-). PhB displayed a low detection limit (0.10 µM) and fast response time (200 s). Meanwhile, the probe featured the fluorescence sensing ability in a wide pH range (5.5–8.0), meaning that PhB showed an excellent light-up fluorescence recognition of SO2 and its derivatives (HSO3-/SO32-) under the physiological conditions. Furthermore, PhB possessed good cell membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity, which was successfully employed to monitor the level of HSO3- in the mitochondria of HCT116 cells and zebrafish.

A sulfur dioxide Covariance-Based Retrieval Algorithm (COBRA): application to TROPOMI reveals new emission sources

Abstract. Sensitive and accurate detection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from space is important for monitoring and estimating global sulfur emissions. Inspired by detection methods applied in the thermal infrared, we present here a new scheme to retrieve SO2 columns from satellite observations of ultraviolet back-scattered radiances. The retrieval is based on a measurement error covariance matrix to fully represent the SO2-free radiance variability, so that the SO2 slant column density is the only retrieved parameter of the algorithm. We demonstrate this approach, named COBRA, on measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) aboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) satellite. We show that the method reduces significantly both the noise and biases present in the current TROPOMI operational DOAS SO2 retrievals. The performance of this technique is also benchmarked against that of the principal component algorithm (PCA) approach. We find that the quality of the data is similar and even slightly better with the proposed COBRA approach. The ability of the algorithm to retrieve SO2 accurately is further supported by comparison with ground-based observations. We illustrate the great sensitivity of the method with a high-resolution global SO2 map, considering 2.5 years of TROPOMI data. In addition to the known sources, we detect many new SO2 emission hotspots worldwide. For the largest sources, we use the COBRA data to estimate SO2 emission rates. Results are comparable to other recently published TROPOMI-based SO2 emissions estimates, but the associated uncertainties are significantly lower than with the operational data. Next, for a limited number of weak sources, we demonstrate the potential of our data for quantifying SO2 emissions with a detection limit of about 8 kt yr−1, a factor of 4 better than the emissions derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). We anticipate that the systematic use of our TROPOMI COBRA SO2 column data set at a global scale will allow missing sources to be identified and quantified and help improve SO2 emission inventories.

Enhancement Based on a Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Structure for Highly Sensitivity Flourescence-Based SO2 Sensing

The detection of sulfur dioxide is of great significance for both environmental testing and factory production. In order to solve the problem of low fluorescence intensity of sulfur dioxide at room temperature, we designed a two-dimensional photonic crystal array structure to enhance the fluorescence intensity with a high sensitivity of 1.224 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{L}\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> mg <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> in UV band. From the measured results, the intensity was improved about 10 times compared to that without the PhC structure at room temperature.

Design and Investigation of a High-Sensitivity PCF Sensor for the Detection of Sulfur Dioxide

A vertical photonic crystal fiber (V-PCF) and a horizontal PCF (H-PCF) are designed for the detection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in this paper. A demanding numerical investigation is carried out in a wider range of wavelengths from 0.8 to 1 μm. SO2 is a major contributor to air pollution, which is responsible for asthma and cancer. The optical parameters are analyzed by using the finite element method (FEM) which consumes a completely circular isotropic perfectly matched layer (PML). The designed V-PCF sensor test is performed with different PML radius values, different elliptical constants for the inner cladding, the outer cladding layer, and the core. The higher relative sensitivity of 59.34% makes this proposed V-PCF a good design for SO2 detection.