Detection Of Pesticides Research Articles

Detection of pesticides in sprayed droplets by using biowaste-derived nanocellulose-based SERS nanosubstrate

Detection of pesticides in sprayed droplets by using biowaste-derived nanocellulose-based SERS nanosubstrate

Electrochemical Biosensors in Diagnostic Medicine: Detecting Lung Cancer Biomarkers – A Comprehensive Review

AbstractElectrochemical biosensors use biomolecules, such as proteins, enzymes, and antibodies, to translate the analytical signals detected in a sample. They have diverse applications including pesticide detection in agriculture, water analysis in various sectors, and biomedical and forensic diagnostics. With the estimated number of cancer cases in the US in 2024 being over two million, particularly lung cancer, which is notoriously difficult to diagnose early, the integration of biosensors into the Point‐of‐care Testing (PoCT) strategy can significantly improve the detection of cancer biomarkers, contributing to early diagnosis and successful treatment. Three‐dimensional (3D) printing is a promising alternative for reducing production costs and customizing devices in various ways. This review highlights recent trends and research on the development of electrochemical biosensors for early detection of lung cancer. These biosensors are expected to be more sensitive and selective for a variety of real samples and are precise, accurate, and stable during their commercialization. Significant progress has been made in the development of electrochemical devices for the early diagnosis of lung cancer, with various biomarker anchoring and detection strategies addressed throughout the study. Overcoming these challenges is key to advancing the use of these biosensors, thus improving diagnostic accuracy and enabling the successful treatment of lung cancer patients.

Dual-mode strategy for glyphosate detection: Leveraging competitive interaction with iron and zinc-organic frameworks

The extensive use of glyphosate poses a potential threat to food safety, human health, and the ecological environment. Hence, detecting glyphosate residues in food is of great significance for food safety. In this work, the synthesis of zinc-organic frameworks (Zn-MOFs) was achieved through the coordination of Zn2+ with the 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DOBDC) ligand. Upon excitation at 350 nm, these Zn-MOFs exhibited robust fluorescence emission at 533 nm. However, upon the addition of iron ions, the Zn-MOFs structure disintegrated, forming a blue Fe-DOBDC complex, resulting in fluorescence quenching. In the presence of glyphosate, the iron ions were chelated by glyphosate, causing the system to lighten in color and restore fluorescence. Further, the mechanism of this strategy was investigated, which was achieved by utilizing the competitive interaction of glyphosate and Zn-MOFs for iron ions. The binding stoichiometry and binding constant of glyphosate:Fe3+ are 1:1 and 7.59 × 103 M−1 using the Job's plot and Benesi-Hildebrand equation, respectively. To enhance glyphosate detection, this study introduced an ingenious dual-mode strategy. By analyzing the colorimetric and fluorescence changes before and after glyphosate addition, we can accurately determine its concentration in the system. The combined colorimetric and fluorescent modalities offer improved reliability and applicability, boasting simplicity, rapidity, and cost-effectiveness. This innovative method is anticipated to find widespread applications and offers novel perspectives on pesticide detection platforms based on ligand competition effects.

“AgriVision” A Flutter -Based Application for RealTime Detection of Pesticides Residues on Fruits

“AgriVision” is a Flutter-based mobile application designed to address the critical issue of pesticide contamination on fruits. The application utilizes real-time image processing and machine learning techniques to detect pesticide residues on the surface of various fruits, ensuring food safety and healthstandards. By capturing and analyzing images through a smartphone camera, the app provides instant and reliablefeedback on the presence of harmful chemicals. The user-friendly interface, combined with the portability of the solution, offers farmers, consumers, and vendors a practical tool to assess fruit quality and promote safer agricultural practices. This project aims to contribute to healthier food choices and enhance consumer safety. Key Words: AgriVision , Flutter application , Real-time detection , Pesticide residues , Fruits , Agricultural technology , Pesticide detection , Mobile app , Food safety , AgriTech , Image processing , Machine learning , Smart agriculture , Fruit quality analysis.

Recyclable NiO/g-C3N4/ag hybrid substrates for sensitive SERS detection and photo-degradation of residual pesticides in beverages

In this research, we fabricated an innovative NiO/CN/Ag composite through the straightforward electrostatic assembly of Ag nanoparticles and g-C3N4 sheets onto NiO nanoflowers. This composite enables both surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection and photo-degradation of pesticides. The results reveal NiO/CN/Ag can quantitatively detect thiram (TRM) and diquat dibromide (DQDB) in water, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10−9 M, and also exhibit outstanding photo-degradation efficiency, exceeding 95 % for TRM and DQDB within 90 min under simulated sunlight. Significantly, after the organic reagent (citric acid) on NiO/CN/Ag was completely removed through simulated solar irradiation, the signal-to-noise ratios of SERS spectra on NiO/CN/Ag were enhanced, achieving LODs of 10−8 M for TRM and DQDB in different fruit juices and dried flower teas. Additionally, the composite demonstrate impressive recyclability, maintaining robust SERS signals and high degradation rates even after five cycles of “detection-degradation” processes.

Single-enzymatic (AChE/ChOx) colorimetric detection of organophosphorus pesticides based on controllable nanoparticles supported by FeCoCu flower-like structure with peroxidase-like activity

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used but easily persist in the environment, which can impact ecological and biological health. In this paper, the nanoparticles supported by FeCoCu flower-like structure (FeCoCu-FN) was successfully synthesized when the molar ratio of Fe:Co:Cu is 0.6:0.4:0.6, which exhibits strong peroxidase-like activity at high Vm (266.7×10−8 M/s). Combined with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), two types of colorimetric sensors, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) method and choline oxidase (ChOx) method, were firstly proposed in the same reaction system for detection of OPs based on FeCoCu-FN. The comparisons of both the two assays were conducted in details, such as cost, sensitivity, speed and stability. Moreover, the inhibition effects between parathion methyl (PM) and the two enzymes (AChE and ChOx) were predicted and contrasted using the molecular docking method. It can be found that the free binding energy of AChE with PM is smaller than that of ChOx with PM, which indicates that PM is more easily bound to AChE. On the other hand, the inhibition constant of AChE with PM is smaller than that of ChOx with PM, which illustrates the stronger inhibition effect of PM on AChE. The AChE single-enzyme method has higher sensitivity (LOD=0.011 ng/mL), which was consistent with the result of molecular docking. Two analysis methods were used to detect PM in real samples, and the detection results were validated using t-test and F-test. The results showed that there was no significant difference in accuracy and mean between the two methods, and both methods were reliable.

Novel time-resolved fluorescent-based multiplex immunochromatography test strip for simultaneous detection of pesticides in vegetables

The presence of multiple pesticide residues in vegetables has become an increasingly critical concern. Immunochromatography has garnered significant interest for its convenience, sensitivity and speed. However, conventional immunochromatography was typically limited to single-target detection, exhibiting restricted efficiency and high costs in on-site large-scale detection scenarios. Dual-channel time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatography test strip (TRFITS) was developed for the simultaneous rapid detection of imidacloprid (IMI) and tolfenpyrad (TOL) in 15 min. Utilizing the excellent optical properties of time-resolved fluorescent microspheres, this TRFITS enabled better detection sensitivity (0.22 ng/mL for IMI, 11.85 ng/mL for TOL), which was approximately 20 times more sensitive than that of conventional immunochromatography, under optimal conditions. In addition, the TRFITS successfully detected IMI and TOL in vegetables samples with acceptable accuracy. The ability to simultaneously quantify multiple pesticide residues using a single test strip reduces material consumption and lowers operational costs, offering a practical solution for rapid on-site pesticide screening.

High Current Transport of TiO2/C-dots@NiO Incorporated Graphene Nanocomposite as Smart Electrode for Diazinon Pesticide Detection

High Current Transport of TiO2/C-dots@NiO Incorporated Graphene Nanocomposite as Smart Electrode for Diazinon Pesticide Detection

A Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazinium bromide derivative as a fluorescent indicator for visual and rapid detection of carbamate pesticides in water

Visual and rapid detection of carbamate pesticides in lake water has not been developed. In this work, a new fluorescent pH indicator pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazinium bromide derivative was designed and synthesized. The integration of this fluorescent pH indicator and AChE-ATCh hydrolysis system allows visual and selective fluorometric detection of carbamates in lake water. Such AChE inhibition-based fluorometric reagents are well tolerated in complex aquatic environments. The detection limit for carbaryl residues in lake water reaches 0.008 mg/L. This practical fluorometric method is applicable to outdoor detection using a very simple and portable 365 nm UV instrument.

Fluorescence sensor based on Methionine-Modified silver nanoparticles located on Fe-BTC metal–organic framework (Meth-AgNPs@Fe-BTC) for trace detection of fenitrothion pesticide in aqueous samples

This research introduces a new “turn-on mode” fluorescence sensor for the detection of fenitrothion (FNT) pesticide in various samples. The sensor is constructed using a porous metal–organic framework (Fe-BTC) as a template to locate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and methionine amino acid (Meth). Methionine acts as a bridge, facilitating the interaction between FNT and AgNPs, which subsequently results in the release of AgNPs from the composite structure. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized Meth-AgNPs@Fe-BTC composite were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and elemental mapping (MAP) analysis. The sensing system is based on tracking the fluorescence of the synthetic composite in such a way that the intensity of the fluorescence of the composite increases in the presence of different concentrations of fenitrothion (FNT). The effective parameters on the sensor signal, including composite dosage, pH, sonication and reaction time were investigated and optimized. The calibration graph, under optimal conditions, exhibited linearity in the concentration range of 2–95 nM for FNT, with a limit of detection of 1.9 nM. The suggested sensor was successfully validated by analyzing FNT in several real water samples and fruit juices. This research presents a significant technical achievement in the development of a fluorescence sensor for the detection of FNT, offering a sensitive and reliable method for environmental monitoring and public health preservation.

A Dual‐Mode Electrochemical Aptasensor for Ultrasensitive Detecting Acetamiprid Based on Hollow Porous Fe2O3 Cubes

AbstractAcetamiprid, a widely utilized pesticide, poses risks to human health due to the bioaccumulation of its residues. Detecting pesticide residues is crucial for effective pesticide management. To enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of pesticide detection, researchers have developed dual‐mode sensors that allow for mutual validation of the two signals. In this paper, a dual‐mode electrochemical sensor for detecting acetamiprid was constructed using H2O2 and methylene blue (MB) as probes. The electrochemical signal of MB was measured using square wave voltammetry (SWV) mode, followed by the detection of the reduction signal of H2O2 in amperometric i‐t curve (i‐t) mode. The two signals complemented each other, thereby reducing errors and enhancing measurement accuracy. Additionally, hollow porous Fe2O3 cubes were synthesized to catalyze the reduction of H2O2 to enhance mass transfer rates. The detection limit in SWV mode was 0.034 pM (S/N = 3), with a linear equation represented as ΔI = 5.39lgc‐33.80 (R2 = 0.99) within the concentration range of 0.1 pM to 0 .1µM. The detection limit in i‐t mode was 0.38 nM (S/N = 3), with a linear equation expressed as ΔI = ‐7.26lgc‐77.20 (R2 = 0.99) within the concentration range of 0.1 nM to 0.1 µM. This dual‐mode electrochemical sensor offers a promising approach for detecting pesticide residues.

Superhydrophobic nanocellulose-based self-assembled flexible SERS substrates for pesticide detection

Flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates that provide simple sampling are helpful for the on-site detection of explosive contamination, pesticide residues on food surfaces, and water pollution in public spaces. Using superhydrophobic nanocellulose-based film as the support, 2D flexible SERS substrates that integrated sampling, enrichment, and detection were successfully fabricated via the solvent-induced evaporation method. This approach enabled the co-loading of two plasmonic nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes. A uniform and dense distribution of two-dimensional “hot spots” was created by the plasmonic nanoparticles' self-assembly on the hydrophobic substrate. By adjusting the loading ratio of Au-core/Ag-shell nanocubes and gold nanospheres, their synergistic effect optimized the “hot spots” structure and significantly increased the SERS signal intensity. Additionally, the hydrophobic property of the substrate allowed the target analytes to be concentrated throughout the drying process, significantly increasing the sensitivity of SERS detection. This flexible substrate can sensitively and accurately detect the pesticide residues of phosphorus and methyl parathion on apple peel with the detection limit of 10−7 g/L and relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 10 %. The high-performance SERS substrate has great potential for in-situ detection applications such as food safety and environmental monitoring.

New solid phase microextraction fibers with green clay coating via radio frequency magnetron sputtering for detecting low-polar compounds in water samples

BackgroundDeveloping highly sensitive and selective measurement techniques to detect trace compounds in diverse matrices is a significant challenge in analytical chemistry. These techniques must adhere to green chemistry principles by minimizing organic solvent use, simplifying sample preparation, and streamlining process steps. Additionally, there is a growing need for sustainable analytical methods due to increased environmental awareness. The problem addressed in this work is the need for an eco-friendly and efficient method for the extraction and detection of trace organochlorine pesticides in water samples. ResultsWe employed SPME using a novel clay thin film sorbent, deposited on a nickel-titanium alloy wire via magnetron sputtering. Montmorillonite clay was chosen for its excellent adsorption properties and eco-friendly nature, aligning with green chemistry principles. The approach involved coating the SPME fiber with hydrophobic modified montmorillonite clay, followed by silylation. The method was tested for extracting 12 model organochlorine pesticides, including BHC, lindane, and DDT, demonstrating high isolation efficiency. The coated thin film and its silylation modification were characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques, confirming the successful creation of a new adsorbent phase. The direct immersion SPME approach achieved relative recoveries ranging from 65 % to 99 %, with reproducibility (RSD) below 6 %. This method provided low detection limits (10–15 ng L−1) and quantitation limits (32–50 ng L−1). SignificanceOur approach offers an eco-friendly, highly efficient solution for the extraction and detection of trace organochlorine pesticides. The significant improvement in recovery rates and reproducibility, combined with low detection and quantitation limits, underscores the potential of this method to enhance analytical practices in environmental monitoring and public health. Furthermore, the use of sustainable materials and processes aligns with global efforts to reduce environmental impact in analytical chemistry.

Evaluation of various commercial lipid removal sorbents for the detection of 18 neonicotinoid insecticides and their metabolites in meat by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

AbstractA highly accurate and precise method for the simultaneous detection of 18 neonicotinoids and their metabolites in meat was developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). To improve the pretreatment step of the method, five different commercially available clean-up materials (including C18+PSA (primary secondary amine), Z-Sep (with Discover DSC-C18), EMR-Lipid, SHIMSEN QuEChERS, and Clean-up LPAS) were studied in the treatment of three meat matrices: pork, duck and yellow croaker. Based on the recovery data, we found that among the five purification materials, SHIMSEN QuEChERS was slightly more effective than the others for 18 neonicotinoids. Therefore, SHIMSEN QuEChERS was used as the purification sorbent, and the extraction solvents, extraction methods and chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions were optimized. A matrix-matched calibration method was applied for quantification. In three different meat matrixes (pork, duck, and yellow croaker), all the target compounds showed good linearity, both with values of r2 > 0.995. The average recovery of all neonicotinoids ranges from 63.4 to 114.2% (pork), 63.0–113.2% (duck), and 63.9–110.5% (yellow croaker). Relative standard deviations were all <15% for intraday and interday precision. The values of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were, respectively, ranging from 0.04 to 1.0 μg kg−1 and 0.10 to 2.0 μg kg−1. Compared with previous reports, this method has advantage in LOQs, indicating that it it may be a preferred choice for the detection of neonicotinoid pesticides in meat samples.

Apple polysaccharide stabilized palladium nanoparticles for sensitive detection of organophosphorus pesticide

The widespread application of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) has inflicted significant damage on human well-being and food security. Hence, it is imperative to develop a friendly and accessible biosensor for the detection of OPs. Herein, apple polysaccharide (AP) stabilized palladium nanoparticles (AP-PdnNPs) with a particle size of 2.75–5.95 nm were prepared using AP as a stabilizer and reducing agent. AP-Pd30NPs exhibited good peroxidase-like activity and effectively decomposed H2O2 to ·OH, which catalyzed the 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine system to become blue. The catalytic kinetics of AP-Pd30NPs conformed to the typical Michelis-Menten equation. Furthermore, OPs directly inhibited the peroxidase-like activity of AP-Pd30NPs. Thus, a highly effective colorimetric biosensor was developed for the detection of OPs. The detection range of the biosensor was 0.050 μg/L - 200 mg/L, and the limit of detection was extremely low to 0.010 μg/L. Compared with other nanomaterials, the detection platform based on AP-Pd30NPs can effectively detect organophosphorus pesticides without coupling natural enzymes；this method is more economical and practical. Therefore, this established method explores good perspective for the detection of OPs.

Highly sensitive detection of organophosphorus pesticides in water using a carboxyl-functionalized magnetic covalent organic framework

The development of novel methods for the precise quantification of organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), with enhanced accuracy, sensitivity, and efficiency, is crucial for environmental monitoring and human health risk assessment. In this study, Fe3O4@SiO2@COF-COOH magnetic core–shell nanoparticles were synthesized by coating a carboxyl-functionalized covalent organic framework (COF-COOH) onto the surface of amino-modified silica-coated iron(III) oxide particles (Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2). The incorporation of carboxyl groups, covalent organic framework and magnetic properties imparted superior performance to the adsorbent in magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of polar compounds from complex sample matrices. An analytical method based on Fe3O4@SiO2@COF-COOH coupled with GC–MS/MS was developed for the determination of eight organophosphate pesticide residues in river water near farmland. The established method displays good linearity in the range of 0.1–500 ng/mL for four OPPs and 1–2000 ng/mL for the other four, with correlation coefficients between 0.9903–0.9983. The LODs (S/N = 3) and LOQs (S/N = 10) were determined to be in the ranges of 0.53–9.6 ng/L and 1.8–31.9 ng/L, respectively. The adsorption mechanism was characterized by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, the established method was successfully applied to analyze the distribution of trace OPPs in real river water samples collected from various cities in Henan Province. Its rapid, straightforward, and efficient ability to enrich trace levels of OPPs from complex real-world samples makes it a valuable tool for environmental monitoring, food safety, and human health management.

Bimetallic coreshell nanorods with thioglycolic acid monolayer for highly sensitive and rapid SERS detection of thiabendazole and ziram residues in Prunus Persica peaches

Simultaneous assessment of agrochemical residues in agricultural entities is crucial for ensuring food safety and protecting consumer health. A highly sensitive and stable thioglycolic acid (TGA) based surface modified coreshell nanorod (Au@Ag@TGANR) arrays were developed for simultaneous fungicide detection in peach samples. The developed Au@Ag@TGANRs exhibited superior surface enhance Raman scattering (SERS) performance, enabling the simultaneous examination of ziram (ZIR) and thiabendazole (TBZ) residues in peach samples with detection limits as low as 0.003 and 0.028 ppm and high R2 values of 0.996 and 0.995, for ZIR and TBZ, respectively. Good recoveries of 86.2 to 108.6 % and 80.2 to 105.7 % were also achieved for peach samples, highlighting the effectiveness of the established protocol for accurate and reliable detection of pesticides in fruits. These results suggest that the proposed method could be a valuable addition to current food safety protocols, with potential application in investigating toxic residues in agricultural entities.

Specific and enzyme-free monitoring of propiconazole pesticide residues in vegetables with a portable nanozyme-based paper sensor

The nanozyme-based colorimetric sensor shows promise for rapid pesticide detection but struggles with non-specific enzyme inhibition. This study developed a portable paper-based sensor for detecting the propiconazole (PC) pesticide using Fe@PCN-224 nanocubes (NCs). Characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of Fe@PCN-224 NCs, which displayed peroxidase-like activity. The specific interaction between PC's triazole ring and the Fe active site inhibited their activity, enabling selective detection with a limit of 8 × 10−9 mol L−1 and a linear range of 0.03 × 10−6 to 0.90 × 10−6 mol L−1. Kinetic studies revealed a Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) of 0.68 × 10−3 mol L−1 for TMB, indicating higher affinity in Fe@PCN-224 NCs. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis revealed the production of •OH, 1O2, O2•− during the catalytic reactions. By integrating smartphone technology, this portable sensor achieved recoveries from vegetable samples between 94.6 % and 109.2 %, demonstrating its potential as an accurate, cost-effective analytical tool for food safety and advancing nanozyme applications.

MOF-mediated cascade reaction system for ultrasensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase activity and organophosphorus pesticides.

Ametal-organic-framework (MOF) fluorescent sensor is reportedbased on NH2-MIL-101(Fe) propelled pesticide and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalytic reaction. Different from previous reports, a cascade reaction system combined with MOF structural changes to generate fluorescence was employed. The rationale is that ALP can hydrolyze L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) into L-ascorbic acid (AA), which can reduce Fe3+ to decompose structurally NH2-MIL-101(Fe), resulting in 2-aminoterephthalic acid (NH2-BDC) with intense fluorescence. The fluorescence can be decreased to different degrees due to inhibition of organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) on the activity of ALP. By taking chlorpyrifos (CPY) as the model compoundof anOPP pesticide and adding ALP and CPY into the NH2-MIL-101(Fe) framework, the resulting cascade reaction fluorescence sensors exhibit a good sensitivity for CPY and ALP sensing. The working ranges are 0.02-2 μg/L and 0.2-20 mU/mL with detection limits (LOD) of 5.31 ng/L and 0.05 mU/mL, respectively. The proposed sensor has been actually applied tosatisfactory detection of CPY and ALP in food and serum samples. This fluorescence-based assay may extend the application of MOF-based biosensors.

Photothermal modulated hotspot for accurate and sensitive SERS detection of pesticides in complicated media

Designing smart surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensors with superior sensibility, stabilities and repeatability is a challenging and intriguing goal in chemical measurement. Herein, we develop a photothermal modulated SERS platform (PM-SERS) for sensitive and stable analysis of targets by exploiting a stimuli-responsive gold nanoparticles (GNPs) decorated polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (GPH). Importantly, the proposed GPH facilitates exactly controlling 3D hot-spot regions by modulating surrounding temperature and humidity. The adjustable GPH could not only act as a stable matrix for installing of high-density GNPs, but also as a sorption domain for preconcentration of targeted analyte in hot-spots sites, thus permitting simultaneously modulating 3D nanostructures and seizing targeted analytes in plasmonic regions. Crucially, because of the reversible nanostructures and nanoplasmonic features, GPH can eradicate adsorbates after being exposed to bromide solutions, thereby allowing renewable and reliable on-site SERS detection of complex media. The GPH-based PM-SERS platform exhibits excellent sensitivities and reproducibility for on-demand detection of multiplexed pesticide over a wide linear concentration range (2 × 10-6 to 103 μM), with detection limits as low as hundreds of fM. The GPH-based analytical platform provides tremendous potentials for credible quantification of complicated matrices and on-line process screening.