Detection Of Herpesvirus Infection Research Articles

Quantitative and phenotypic transformation of CD16<sup>+</sup>IFNα/βR1<sup>-</sup>CD119<sup>+</sup>, CD16<sup>+</sup>IFNα/βR1+CD119<sup>-</sup> and CD16<sup>+</sup>IFNα/βR1<sup>+</sup>CD119<sup>+</sup> neutrophil granulocytes subsets in patients with post-COVID syndrome

In patients who underwent COVID-19, various manifestations of post-COVID syndrome (PCS) are noted, causing the development of disorders accompanying severe viral infections, complicated by chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and severe cognitive disorders (CD). Studying the molecular mechanisms of these disorders in the system of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) in patients with PCS associated with IFN production, receptor function of NG, in particular, their subsets expressing IFN/R, IFNR(CD119), is relevant for the search for therapeutic strategies, restoration and enhancement of the innate immune response after COVID-19.
 Our objective was to clarify the quantitative and phenotypic characteristics of certain subsets of neutrophil granulocytes, i.e., CD16+IFN/R1-CD119+, CD16+IFN/R1+CD119-, CD16+IFN/R1+CD119+, in peripheral blood of patients with post-COVID syndrome.
 We have examined 39 patients (24-60 years old) with PCS 3 months after COVID-19 (study group 1, SG1). The comparison group (CG) included 30 volunteers examined over the pre-COVID period. Detection of herpesvirus infections (HSV1, EBV, HHV6, CMV) was carried out in scrapings from the tonsils and the posterior wall of the pharynx. To determine the severity of the clinical PCS symptoms, a questionnaire was used to assess its severity using a point scale. The content and phenotype of NG subsets CD16+IFN/R1-CD119+, CD16+IFN/R1+CD119-, CD16+IFN/R1+CD119+ were assessed by means of FC 500 (Beckman Coulter, USA).
 In all patients of SG1, clinical manifestations of CFS and CD were revealed, at the average severity rates of 16.0 points (14.75-20.25). When detecting herpesvirus infections, 37.2% had only HSV1 infection; 62.8% of patients showed mixed infection (HSV1, EBV, HHV6), which exhibited more pronounced clinical symptoms. We have noted absence of CD16+IFN/R1+CD119+NG subset and phenotype transformation of CD16+IFN/R1-CD119+NG, CD16+IFN/R1+CD119-NG subsets. Increased density expression of CD16, IFN/R1, CD119 receptors was also found (p1-3 0.05) thus suggesting ability to accept the interferon signaling and response.
 Reduced infectious burden in the post-COVID period and adequate functioning of the immune system, including the neuroimmunoendocrine regulation mechanisms, should contribute to the functional recovery of various organs, systems, thus neutralizing the PCS manifestations. Therefore, usage of recIFN2b in combination with highly active antioxidants may contribute to development of protective immunity, prevention of acute respiratory viral infections, exacerbation of chronic infections, and restoration of the NG phenotypes followed by restoration of anti-infectious immune balance.

Immune response and phagocytosis of children with streptococcal tonsillitis and infected with the herpes virus type 6.

The aim of the work is to study the indicators of cellular and humoral immune response and FAN of patients with tonsillitis in children infected with HHV-6 type.
 Materials and methods of research. In 72 children aged 3–15 years (mean age 8.42±1.44 years), patients with streptococcal tonsillitis of moderate severity, the levels of the main subpopulations of blood lymphocytes were determined using monoclonal antibodies by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, phagocytic activity of neutrophils (FAN) using the nitrosine tetrazolium reduction test (HCT test) and serum IgA, IgM, IgG levels by radial immunodiffusion. The studies were carried out in the acute period and in the period of convalescence. Mathematical and statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2003 and Statistica 6.0 programs. The significance of differences between the mean values was determined using the Student's test (t).
 Results. Different mechanisms of formation of pathological process at streptococcal tonsillitis at children depending on the concomitant HHV-6 type infection are revealed. In patients with mixed infection in the acute period of tonsillitis determine the signs of deficiency of the cellular immune system with the maximum deviation of CD-lymphocytes (t=3.13 vs. t=2.16 in mono-infection), the tension in the humoral link of the immune response Ig deviation (t=1.63 against t=0.91 in mono-infection) on the background of phagocytosis violation in terms of FAN deviation (t=3.22 against t=2.01 in mono-infection). By the period of convalescence, the restoration of the imbalance of specific and non-specific protection factors does not occur. Increased IgG content in the acute period is one of the features of streptococcal tonsillitis in children on the background of HHV-6t infection.
 Conclusions. Concomitant VGL-6 type infection in children with streptococcal tonsillitis affects the mechanisms of formation of the inflammatory process and the reactivity of patients, forming the preconditions for adverse outcomes of the disease. The obtained results can be the basis for early detection of herpes virus infection in patients with tonsillitis, will help to optimize the management of patients in different periods of the disease.

Novel herpesviruses in riverine and marine cetaceans from South America

Herpesvirus (HV) infections in cetaceans are frequently associated with skin and mucosal lesions. Although HV infections have been reported worldwide, their occurrence in southern Atlantic marine mammals is still poorly understood. We tested skin, oral and genital mucosal beta-actin PCR-positive samples from 109 free-ranging Brazilian cetaceans using a universal herpesvirus DNA polymerase PCR. Herpesvirus-positive skin samples from a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), a dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima), a Bolivian river dolphin (Inia boliviensis), and a lingual sample from an Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) were histologically evaluated. Additional tissue samples from these animals were also PCR-positive for HV, including a novel sequence obtained from the dwarf sperm whale’s stomach and mesenteric lymph node. Four novel HV species were detected in the Guiana dolphin (one), the dwarf sperm whale (two) and the Bolivian river dolphin (one). The cutaneous lesions (marked, focally extensive, chronic proliferative dermatitis) of the Guiana dolphin and the Bolivian river dolphin were similar to previous HV reports in cetaceans, despite the absence of intranuclear inclusion bodies. This is the largest HV survey in South American cetaceans and the first detection of HV infection in riverine dolphins worldwide.

Diagnostic virology--then and now.

In the past five years, technologic advances in the shell vial assay and expanding availability of rapid membrane EIA tests have allowed over 90% of the viruses detected in our laboratory to be reported within 24 h postinoculation. PCR technology promises to add a new practical dimension to diagnostic virology especially for the detection of viruses in CSF, tissues, and blood. Extension of these diagnostic capabilities from investigative protocols to general laboratories for routine use will be our biggest challenge and be based on considerations of cost, licensing, and availability of this technology in "kit" formats.

Detection of Herpes virus infection of the female genitalia by cytosmear and its incidence

Characteristic findings of Herpes virus (HSV) affe cted cells reported by other workers were reascerta ined in the present study. Ground glass'appearance, marked thickening of the nuclear margin, multin ucleation and its molding were frequently observed. The inclusion bodies which are said to be the most prominent features in the morphology of HSV infe ction were rather uncommon. The presence of fine granules in the nuclear vesicles was more frequently associated with acute infection and the inclusion bo dies were associated with recurrent cases. Finding on the cytoplasm served as a reference.In the present 23 cases which showed HSV infection cytologically, no association was found between these patients and the cervical cancer of the uterus.The incidence of HSV infection in the female geni talia was 0.34% of the total number of the patients screened by cytosmear and 0.14% or 1/692 of the total number of the patients visited my gynecological clinic. Although the incidence of HSV infection in the female genitalia in this report is from patients of a limited area, it was higher than those of other reports.The detection rate was analysed, especially related to the factors, such as age distribution, menstrual periods, seasonal fluctuation and social status.