Detection Of Design Errors Research Articles

An empirical study of an MR-enhanced kinematic prototyping approach for articulated products

In the conceptual design and early embodiment design stages, an effective kinematic prototype can assist in detecting design errors, minimizing unnecessary parameter modifications, and optimizing subsequent resource deployment. Existing methods for creating prototypes, such as 2D sketches, 3D modelling, or analysis software, have their advantages in precise modelling and simulation. However, there is a lack of an efficient approach that can achieve both rapid 3D kinematic idea generation and early on-site interactive verification. To address these challenges, this research proposes a Mixed Reality (MR)-enhanced kinematic prototyping approach for articulated products to enable the rapid generation of 3D kinematic concepts, movement preview, and early interactions with users or the actual workspace. The proposed approach facilitates the quick and rough construction of geometry and kinematic structures through intuitive hand gestures and interactive movement preview within the MR environment. The usability of the proposed approach was evaluated by a comparison experiment with traditional sketch and CAD tools involving eight participants. It is verified that our proposed MR kinematic prototyping system could accelerate the kinematic prototype generation process, improve the user’s kinematic understanding, and facilitate on-site interactive verification in advance.

Analysis of the stresses for a bridge by the finite element method under the action of viscous damping

Specifically speaking of the treatment of constructions (such as bridges), the importance of considering dynamic phenomena from the design phase lies in the fact that the protection of the construction against unwanted external disturbances, such as those produced by earthquakes and vehicle traffic, is guaranteed. automotive, among other causes, that may cause partial or total damage to the structure. As a tool, we have computer-aided design and engineering for the structuring of mechanical designs, which adds efficiency to detect design errors in early phases. The relevance of this project lies in the application of knowledge to the areas of computer-aided design in civil structures such as bridges, through computerized simulation in CSI Bridge and mathematical analysis to determine the efforts and graphically observe the behavior of the bridge when subjected to viscous damping. The physical relevance of this project lies in the application of knowledge to the design areas of civil structures such as bridges, through computerized simulation and mathematical and physical analysis to determine the efforts and graphically observe the behavior of the bridge when it is subjected to external disturbances that act as viscous damping. Physically, we model this damping as a friction force in general to solve the equation using numerical methods by changing different boundary conditions in the damping factor, which adds relevance to the computational modeling of the bridge and the study of its physical and mechanical properties.

A cognitive design assistant for context-aware computer-aided design

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) plays a crucial role throughout a product's life cycle, especially regarding detecting design errors early on. To date, for complex engineered systems, the detection of design errors in a digital mock-up. It is a reactive and laborious activity that requires a complete CAD design before searching for applicable design rules in a set of large and unstructured design guidelines containing hundreds or thousands of design rules and making sure that the design complies with the applicable rules. This paper will illustrate how a context-aware cognitive design assistant, a seamless, ubiquitous and intelligent computer program, can sense relevant data of a CAD context to provide, without explicit user intervention, proactive and on-the-fly recommendations of relevant design rules, where relevancy depends on the designer's task. To illustrate the feasibility of the proposal, the cognitive design assistant will be integrated with the 3DExperience CAD software. The functional demonstrator shows that this proactive approach will not only reduce design iterations usually due to a-posteriori checks but also deal with any kind of design rules rather than a specific set of geometry and topology constraints verified by design checkers based on IF-ELSE instructions.

Using virtual reality technologies to visualize parameters of urban microclimate

Abstract Introduction. Methods of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are widely used in architecture and civil engineering to study the microclimate of a city or simulate the wind regime of a building. Using virtual reality (VR) technologies to assess local airflow parameters in respect of an individual can significantly increase the informativity of the microclimate simulation. The process of simulation and post-processing of hydrodynamic simulation problems in classical CAE (computer-aided engineering) packages is difficult for non-professional researchers and does not provide a flexible interaction mechanism for specialists in the remote work environment. The solution is to develop an external universal post-processor supporting modern technologies of virtual reality and network interaction. Materials and methods. A model of an airflow around a group of buildings was used as the test data, and the results were exported to an external visualizer. The solution employs the Unity3D engine, and the Ansys Fluent package is used as the data source. Results. The paper describes the general architecture and implementation details of the PLT-Sim prototype, which includes basic tools for interactive visualization of vector airflow data in the virtual reality mode, as well as the system designated for importing results from different modeling systems. The stereoscopic representation of the image of airflow velocities makes it possible to implement new mechanics of interaction with computer models from the point of view of pedestrians. Conclusions. Using new methods of VR visualization of experiments in the real time makes it possible to more accurately substantiate the results of research activities. The proposed solution will allow to predict and detect design errors, as well as facilitate remote collaboration between researchers focused on research tasks in the context of a pandemic. This software and hardware solution is one of the first prototypes that implements an approach to visualizing microclimate and wind comfort data as viewed by an individual pedestrian.

Innovative technologies in construction and Building Information Modeling

The paper presents the results of research in the field of the use of innovative technologies in the design of buildings. The modern technologies of information modeling, in particular, BIM, which makes it possible to represent the building not only in three-dimensional space, but also allows designing it in the dynamic system « design - construction – operation » are considered. The experience of using BIM technologies is based on identifying errors at the initial design stage and the possibility of their elimination at the same stage. The development of mechanisms for detecting design errors and defects formed the basis of the task set in the work. A model for signaling about the detection of defects has been developed, and the problem of stochastic modeling of the qualitative parameters of the designed object has been solved.

Verification of the Instantiation and Integration of Security Patterns

As software applications suffer from increasing malicious attacks, security becomes a critically important issue for software development. To avoid security problems and increase efficiency, a large software system design may reuse good security solutions for existing security patterns. While security patterns document expert solutions to common security problems and capture well-examined practices on secure software design, implementing them in a particular context (pattern instantiation) and composing them with other related patterns (pattern integration) are prone to flaws and may break expected security properties. In this paper, we present an approach to verify security patterns instantiation and integration automatically. We offer formal definitions for security pattern instantiation and integration, and establish rules to transform sequence diagrams (representing the behaviors of security patterns) to expressions in Milner’s Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS). We prove the correctness of the proposed transformation, and propose an algorithm to carry out this transformation automatically. In particular, we formally specify the alternative flows of UML sequence diagrams guarded by constraint conditions, which allows us to model choice making behaviors of security patterns precisely. The properties of the instantiation and integration can be verified by model checking against their CCS expressions. Flaws of instantiation and integration can, therefore, be discovered early in the design stage. We use two case studies to illustrate our approach and show the capability to prove security in integration and detect design errors in instantiation respectively.

Formal verification of cP systems using PAT3 and ProB

As a recently proposed membrane computing model, cP systems are capable of solving computational hard and distributed problems. Although several membrane system variants were formally verified in previous research, none of their approaches was applicable to cP systems. To formally verify the safety and liveness properties of cP systems, we solve a famous NP-Complete problem—the subset sum problem—in cP systems and use the PAT3 and ProB model checkers to verify the cP solution. Our cP solution outperforms previous work in time complexity and uses fewer rules. To perform model checking in cP systems, we define several mapping rules from cP notation to formal verification languages CSP# and B. We show that we can use model checkers to effectively detect design errors in cP systems. This work is the first study on formal verification of cP systems, and it showed that cP models can be effectively transformed into model checking problems and verified automatically.

An overview of long-span spatial grid structures failure case studies

This paper provides insights on seven case failure studies for long-span hangars from 2004 to 2017 from different regions with unique failure factors leading to distress, partial or total collapse. A brief description of the cases studied entails project nature, and general technical and non-technical issues causing the hangar failures. A two-way approach (before and after collapse) features all the cases through commissions of inquiry and forensic studies done through fieldwork investigations, sensitivity, reliability, strength, capacity, and durability analysis. The cases studied were acted upon by static loads, and 83% of the failures occurred during service stage. The failures are as a result of human errors in design and calculations, ignorance of construction stages stakeholders leading to causative factors, stresses during erection and assembly process, randomness in loading and boundary conditions, over-reliance of computer analysis with no confirmation from a third-party analysis, under-estimation of member geometric and nodal imperfections primarily through joint rotations and members lack of fit, and manufacturing errors leading to residual stresses on the members. Achieve a preventive failure measure, detect design errors, and give comprehensive part details and construction stages, and analyze spatial grid structures with the correct boundary conditions to take advantage of support and joint stiffness. Utilize ductility and structural efficiency of under-stressed members, reinforce adjacent members on overstressed areas and conduct loading and unloading tests. Apply all loads, ventilation, and lighting fittings only at the joints to avoid load eccentricity. All the case studies are referenced from their principal sources and reports.

نمذجة معلومات البناء BIM و دورها فى تطویر عملیة التصمیم المعمارى والبناء.

- Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the most advanced developments in engineering, The second generation of modeling tools is the result of decades of research and development, A virtual model, one or more, is created to support the design process throughout its stages, It is a simulated for the reality of the real project, BIM modeling is created to simulate building design, construction and management, Which will improve performance beside calculate cost while not wasting time, The feasibility of using BIM is to adopt a more efficient design of buildings by collecting and using building information and data to improve its characteristics such as insulation, ventilation, lighting and all mechanical systems in the building. This technique originated from the development of 2D software such as CAD systems, with the rapid development and addition of the time factor, calculation of quantities of materials , cost and the management of the building facilities during the life cycle turn to 3D programs, up to XD development, which is reflected directly On design, construction and post occupancy. One of the most important areas for using BIM modeling is the detection of design errors and conflicts before construction and to processed off-site (pre-processing) elements by accurate digital representation of these elements.In the operational phase, BIM modeling can be integrated with BMS systems to monitor building performance in smart buildings, for example, intelligent control of electricity, water and other applications, thereby improving building performance. The stages of using the BIM building information models are in eight stages, starting with initial ideas, design, implementation, details, analysis, etc., and finally the operation and maintenance models. - Types of BIM building information models, according to their use, including project site design models, architectural drawings, structural drawings, mechanical, electrical, sanitary, building fixtures, and complementary elements. BIM tools have been developed to integrate most data with the design and access model to identify and control loss of energy in the building, which helps improve sustainable design in the building.

Формалізований метод проектування застосувань в технології GPGPU

The method of researching systems with high-performance computing support, based on the transition systems apparatus (discrete computational model), is proposed. Two variants of synchronous product limitations of transition systems that model tha Nvidia CUDA approach are proposed. transition systems that represent two types of instructions, process of the warp instruction execution, and the process of warp scheduling were described. GPGPU application execution model was formalized and its correctness was proved. Two variants of the relevant Petri net which allowed automatic or semi-automatic detection of design errors were obtained. Problems in programming 2018; 2-3: 012-020

Model Checking in Isomorphic Module Systems

With a growing number of interacting modules in today's complex systems, finding an effective tool for detecting design errors has become increasingly challenging. We present procedures for analyzing blocking or deadlock in systems consisting of isomorphic modules instantiated from a template. These procedures identify all possible blocking or deadlock sources and directly compute the maximum number of isomorphic modules under which the system is guaranteed to be nonblocking or deadlock-free.

Model checking software product line based on multi-valued logic

Software product line (SPL) maximises commonality between software products to reduce cost and improve productivity. SPL has been widely applied in critical systems, and ensuring correctness of the system is thus of great importance. In this paper, we consider the incomplete designs in the early stage of software development. This enables detecting design errors earlier, reducing the cost of later development of final products. We first propose bilattice-based feature transitions systems (BFTSs), which support description of uncertainty. We then express system behavioural properties using ACTL formulas and define its semantics over BFTSs. On the one hand, we provide the procedures that translate BFTSs to multi-valued Kripke structure and develop a software model checker assistant BPMCA. On the other hand, we decompose the multi-valued BFTS to lower the complexity of model checking. Finally, we implement our approach and illustrate its effectiveness on a benchmark from the literature.

Guided Test Case Generation for Enhanced ECG Bio-Sensors Functional Verification

Testing and verifying the operation of bio-sensor nodes is essential due to the sensitivity and safety-critical aspects of their applications. Simulation technique is frequently used for this task; however, a proper set of test cases is required in order to carry out the simulation process. This paper focuses on enhancing the verification operations of an ElectroCardioGram (ECG) biomedical sensor node through simulation. It presents a new methodology for guided Test Cases Generation (TCG) of ECG signals from formal design specifications. Event-B invariants are used to specify ECG requirements, and then a new algorithm is used to translate these specifications into proper ECG signal parameters. These parameters are subsequently used to control the required shape of the ECG in order to have a wide range of scenarios. The primary objective of this work is to provide ECG test cases to detect design errors in biomedical algorithms. In addition, it can complement the usage of the limited ECG databases currently available to verify the correct operation of ECG bio-sensors.

Automated Verification of Power System Protection Schemes—Part I: Modeling and Specifications

Power system protection schemes are verified today using Monte-Carlo simulation and manual interpretation of results. The limitation of this verification technique is uncertainty of complete coverage of all possible operating conditions due to the time complexity of simulation. In this two-part paper, an automated simulation-based verification technique is proposed to verify the correctness of protection settings efficiently using hybrid automata-temporal-logic framework. In Part I, hybrid automata models of protection schemes and temporal-logic assertions for desired relay operations are presented. An example is provided to demonstrate the automated verification technique in detail. Its companion Part II presents a technique for test-case generation to ensure early detection of design errors.

Method for identifying errors in chemical process development and design base on accidents knowledge

It has been claimed that the high accident rate in the chemical process industry is due to poor dissemination of accident knowledge that affects directly the level of learning from accidents. In response to this situation, this paper utilized past accident knowledge as a basis to develop a safety oriented design tool whereby the accident information were directly disseminated into plant design. The method was developed based on our previous accident analysis of design error in which the common design errors were ranked in accordance to their frequency and its origins during normal plant design project. Based on the design error ranking and its origin at a specific design phases, a method for design error detection is proposed. The method is expected to be able to identify the possible design error and its causes throughout chemical process development and design. The main objective is to trigger safe design thinking at the specific design phases so that appropriate action for risk reduction could be timely implemented. The Bhopal and BP Texas tragedies are used as case studies to test and verify the method. The proposed method can detect up to 74% of design errors.

Object-oriented model-based specification languages

Complex, soft-real-time system development is one of the challenges in the software industry, as it is difficult to understand, test and maintain such systems. However, the software development goal is to operate reliably despite this complexity. This can be achieved by applying formal methods, which use a language that has a strong mathematical foundation for describing the system. To be more specific, model-based specification languages are used to resolve ambiguities in user requirements or detect design errors early in the software life cycle. This paper compares object-oriented model-based formal languages such as Zed (Z), Vienna Development Method (VDM) and Object Constraint Language (OCL) based on various factors. Also, the issues surrounding the application of these formal methods to various software problems are discussed in this paper. The present research work enables software developers to select an appropriate language suiting their specific requirements.

Early modeling and validation of timed system requirements using Timed Use Case Maps

There is a general consensus on the importance of good requirements engineering for achieving high-quality software. Functional requirements capture the intended behavior of the system in terms of services, tasks, or functions the system is required to perform, while non-functional requirements capture required properties of the system, such as timing, performance, and security. These non-functional requirements play a crucial role during system development life cycle serving as selection criteria for choosing among myriads of design decisions. The ability to model and validate the system non-functional properties at the requirements level supports the detection of design errors during the early stages of a software development life cycle and helps reduce the cost of later redesign activities. The widespread interest in time modeling and analysis techniques at the requirements phase provides the major motivation for this research. This paper presents a novel and fully automated approach to describe and validate high-level timed requirements using the Timed Use Case Maps language. We extend the, ITU-T standard User Requirements Notation, Use Case Maps metamodel with time requirements. The resulting extensions are implemented within the jUCMNav tool and formalized using Abstract State Machines allowing for automated simulation and analysis. We illustrate the applicability of our approach using a business process model (conference review process model) and a real-time system model (IP multicast routing case study).

Safe design method of embedded control systems. Case study

Resume— This paper proposes an approach for safe design of hardware embedded control systems. The approach is based on a combination of formal verification and discrete controller synthesis techniques. Formal verification is solicited to detect design errors and provide counterexamples, while the Discrete Controller Synthesis technique is used to correct those error since it attempts to enforce previously verified specifications which do not hold. It automatically produces control code, which is assembled to the erroneous component in order to provide a system correct by construction with respect to the specification to enforce. We illustrate the approach on a train controller subsystem taken from Bombardier Transport company. Mots-cles— COTS, Verification formelle, synthese du controleur discret, systeme a evenements discrets, composant correct par conception.

Tangible mixed reality for remote design review: a study understanding user perception and acceptance

Abstract Background The design review process is often expensive due to the need for face-to-face meetings between the involved parties. Distributed design collaboration is made possible by advances in networking techniques. A tangible Mixed Reality (MR)-based virtual design prototype was created as a distributed virtual environment (DVE) for the purpose of improving remote design review collaboration. This tangible MR system has been developed to a point that experimental evaluation is necessary in order to understand the strengths and weaknesses of various features of the system. Methods In this paper, we evaluated the tangible MR system against a commercial 3D distributed design review system in three aspects: the investigation of how users experienced virtual models in the tangible MR system as compared with the commercial system, the measurement of the users’ attitude towards the effectiveness of the tangible MR system, and the discoveries of usability issues involved in the tangible MR interface through usability studies. Results The findings from user feedback suggest that the tangible MR system may facilitate problem-solving and the quantity of work in a given amount of time and that virtual design displayed in the mixed scene was a useful aid in the design error detection task. Conclusion These findings are useful for the improvement of future generations of the MR system. Also the suggestions can be further generalized to become usability guidelines for the MR developers in other applications and domains.

Model-Based Validation of Industrial Control Systems

Current industrial applications demand the design of more and more complex, safe and trustworthy control systems exhibiting a high degree of flexibility and reutilization. To achieve this, the engineering process should be improved by making the engineering tools involved in the development process to collaborate during the design. This paper presents a model-based approach for designing complex automation applications. The core of the approach is constituted by a set of domain specific models that depend on the application field and whose elements, syntax and semantics are defined from the point of view of the experts that participate in the design of the system. The domain models are defined using engineering tools as the design progresses and they can be used to achieve tool integration through model collaboration. This can be achieved following the Model Driven Engineering approach by means of model transformations. This paper specifically focuses on the first step of this paradigm: the definition of domain languages, in this case for industrial control systems, as well as validation mechanisms of application designs coming from different domain tools. Three well known and widely used industrial standards have been used: Computer Aided Engineering eXchange (CAEX), PLCopen (a representation format for the IEC 61131-3 standard) and MathML (a language for defining mathematical constraints). Using model checking it is possible to assure the correctness of the control system specification and using model transformation it is possible to detect design errors in early stages of the design.