Detection Of Acetaminophen Research Articles

Predicting serum acetaminophen concentrations in acute poisoning for safe termination of N-acetylcysteine in a resource-limited environment

Purpose: The Prescott nomogram has been utilized to forecast hepatotoxicity from acute acetaminophen poisoning. In developing countries, emergency medical centers lack the resources to report acetaminophen concentrations; thus, the commencement and cessation of treatment are based on the reported dose. This study investigated risk factors that can predict acetaminophen detection after 15 hours for safe treatment termination.Methods: Data were collected from an urban emergency medical center from 2010 to 2020. The study included patients ≥14 years of age with acute acetaminophen poisoning within 15 hours. The correlation between risk factors and detection of acetaminophen 15 hours after ingestion was evaluated using logistic regression, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.Results: In total, 181 patients were included in the primary analysis; the median dose was 150.9 mg/kg and 35 patients (19.3%) had acetaminophen detected 15 hours after ingestion. The dose per weight and the time to visit were significant predictors for acetaminophen detection after 15 hours (odds ratio, 1.020 and 1.030, respectively). The AUCs were 0.628 for a 135 mg/kg cut-off value and 0.658 for a cut-off 450 minutes, and that of the combined model was 0.714 (sensitivity: 45.7%, specificity: 91.8%).Conclusion: Where acetaminophen concentrations are not reported during treatment following the UK guidelines, it is safe to start N-acetylcysteine immediately for patients who are ≥14 years old, visit within 15 hours after acute poisoning, and report having ingested ≥135 mg/kg. Additional N-acetylcysteine doses should be considered for patients visiting after 8 hours.

HKUST-1 derived one-dimensional Cu/N-doped carbon nanofibers for simultaneous detection of acetaminophen and sulfanilamide

The design of novel signal amplification elements was key to improving the sensing and analysis performance of electrochemical sensors. In this work, porous one-dimensional copper nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (Cu-NCNFs) were successfully prepared via the coupled process of electrospinning technology and high-temperature pyrolysis. This coupling of multiple processes and the introduction of heteroatoms pyrolyzed the HKUST-1 particles to generate three-dimensional Cu-doped carbon octahedra and mosaic them inside the one-dimensional carbon nitride channels, obtaining small-sized Cu particles while introducing a large number of N species, and constructing a three-dimensional MOFs-derived metal-carbon hybrid one-dimensional multistage carbon nitride structure. The resulting Cu-NCNFs sensor could simultaneously determine acetaminophen and sulfanilamide and exhibit superior electroanalytical performance, reproducibility, stability, and selectivity. This strategy provides a new approach to preparing novel signal amplification elements for the efficient monitoring of micropollutants.

Covalent functionalization of graphene oxide with l-lysine for highly sensitive and selective simultaneous electrochemical detection of rifampicin and acetaminophen

Covalent functionalization of graphene oxide with l-lysine for highly sensitive and selective simultaneous electrochemical detection of rifampicin and acetaminophen

A Facile Glycerol-Assisted Synthesis of Low-Cu2+-Doped CoFe2O4 for Electrochemical Sensing of Acetaminophen.

This work devised a simple glycerol-assisted synthesis of a low-Cu2+-doped CoFe2O4 and the electrochemical detection of acetaminophen (AC). During the synthesis, several polyalcohols were tested, indicating the efficiency of glycerin as a cosolvent, aiding in the creation of electrode-modifier nanomaterials. A duration of standing time (eight hours) before calcination produces a decrease in the secondary phase of hematite. The synthesized material was used as an electrode material in the detection of AC. In acidic conditions (pH 2.5), the limit of detection (LOD) was 99.4 nM, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be (331 nM). The relative standard deviation (RSD), 3.31%, was computed. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of a low-Cu2+-doped CoFe2O4-modified electrode Cu0.13Co0.87Fe2O4/GCE corresponds extremely well with its resistance Rct, which was determined using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique and defined its electron transfer capacity. The possibility of a low-Cu2+-doped CoFe2O4 for the electrochemical sensing of AC in human urine samples was studied. The recovery rates ranging from 96.5 to 101.0% were obtained. These findings suggested that the Cu0.13Co0.87Fe2O4/GCE sensor has outstanding practicability and could be utilized to detect AC content in real complex biological samples.

Pt/NiCo2O4 nanocomposite with extremely low Pt loading as an oxidase-like nanozyme for colorimetric detection of acetaminophen in natural water

BackgroundIn the last COVID-19-three years, acetaminophen (AP) consumption has increased significantly, potentially causing water contamination. Due to its ease of use and great performance, colorimetric detection of AP based on Pt-based nanozymes is gaining popularity. A significant difficulty is how to reduce Pt loading content while retaining a high catalytic activity. MethodsControlling the deamination of Co-NH3 complexes, including Ni(OH)2, led to the formation of small NiCo2O4 nanoparticles, which were afterwards decorated with a 0.37wt% Pt loading. Significant findingsWith a low Michaelis-Menten constant of 0.0112 mM, the 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was oxidized with O2 utilizing the Pt(0.37wt%)/NiCo2O4 nanocomposite. The detection settings were tuned for nanozyme and TMB concentrations, pH, temperature, and reaction duration. Utilizing AP's inhibitory impact on the oxidase-like activity at pH = 1, an AP colorimetric sensor was created. It was possible to establish a linear response with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.4 μM and a range of 10 μM–0.25 mM. In natural water, such as spring, lake, and river water, this colorimetric sensor was effectively employed to detect AP with good selectivity over interfering substances.

In-situ integrated electrodes of FeM-MIL-88/CP for simultaneous ultra-sensitive detection of dopamine and acetaminophen based on crystal engineering strategy

Designing and exploiting integrated electrodes is the current inevitable trend to realize the sustainable development of electrochemical sensors. In this work, a series of integrated electrodes prepared by in situ growing the second metal ion-modulated FeM-MIL-88 (M = Mn, Co and Ni) on carbon paper (CP) (FeM-MIL-88/CP) were constructed as the electrochemical sensing platforms for the simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA) and acetaminophen (AC). Among them, FeMn-MIL-88/CP exhibited the best sensing behaviors and achieved the trace detection for DA and AC owing to synergistic catalysis between Fe3+, Mn2+ and CP. The electrochemical sensor based on FeMn-MIL-88/CP showed ultra-high sensitivities of 2.85 and 7.46 μA μM−1 cm−2 and extremely low detection limits of 0.082 and 0.015 μM for DA and AC, respectively. The FeMn-MIL-88/CP also exhibited outstanding anti-interference ability, repeatability and stability, and satisfactory results were also obtained in the detection of actual samples. The mechanism of Mn2+ modulation on the electrocatalytic activity of FeMn-MIL-88/CP towards DA and AC was revealed for the first time through the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Good adsorption energy and rapid electron transfer worked synergistically to improve the sensing performances of DA and AC. This work not only provided a high-performance integrated electrode for the sensing field, but also demonstrated the influencing factors of electrochemical sensing at the molecular levels, laying a theoretical foundation for the sustainable development of subsequent electrochemical sensing.

Reduced graphene oxide decorated with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) for sensitive detection of acetaminophen in water and human urine samples

In this work, we have developed an efficient electrochemical sensor using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) modified by reduced graphene oxide-poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (i.e., rGO-PDDA) composites to detect acetaminophen with superior sensitivity and excellent selectivity. The polymerization process resulted in a uniform PDDA coating along with chemically reducing rGO sheets in the presence of hydrazine, thus producing the rGO-PDDA composites. Adopting the Taguchi method with analysis of variances, an optimal parameter set (i.e., rGO/PDDA ratio 1:20, amplitude 100 mV, pulse width 100 ms, and pulse period 0.3 s) with a confidence level of 95% was derived for designing the electrochemical sensors. Accordingly, a linear fit of the signal output versus acetaminophen concentration (r2: 0.9973) was obtained in a wide concentration range (0.794–68.9 μM). The sensitivity of acetaminophen on the SPCE reaches as high as 1.76 μA/(μM cm2) with an ultralow detection limit of 0.0773 μM. The sensitivity of the prepared sensor was also confirmed through exploring the detection of acetaminophen on the SPCE with five interfering species including urea, p-cresol, ascorbic acid, ibuprofen, and 4-aminophenol. The prepared electrode was successfully applied for detecting acetaminophen level in human urine samples. We believed that the robust design of SPCE modified with rGO-PDDA composites demonstrated in this work enables engineering high-performance sensors with superior sensitivity, low detection limit, wide concentration range, and enhanced selectivity toward acetaminophen at ultralow concentrations.

Electrochemical detection of acetaminophen and caffeine using Ag nanoparticles doped metal-organic framework (ZIF-67) composites

The combination of metal organic framework (MOFs) with metal nanoparticles has great prospects for improving the electrochemical property of sensors. In this paper, silver (Ag) nanoparticles doping Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) composites (Ag-ZIF-67) were prepared by ultrasonic treatment of ZIF-67 and reduction of metal precursor (AgNO3) in ZIF-67 material. Ag-ZIF-67 nanosheet material was obtained and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Due to the synergistic effect of high porosity and large specific surface area of ZIF-67, as well as the high electrical conductivity and prominent catalytic activity of Ag nanoparticles, Ag-ZIF-67 modified glassy carbon electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for the detection of acetaminophen (AP) and caffeine (CAFF), including wide linear range (0.1–70.0 μM) for AP and (0.5–300.0 μM) for CAFF, high anti-interference ability. Additionally, the prepared Ag-ZIF-67 sensor also exhibited excellent selectivity for two compounds detection and prospective results in pharmaceutical formulations samples.

MoS2 embedded triangular silver nanosheets modified MOF-808 as electrochemical sensing platform for highly sensitive simultaneous detection of ACOP and 4-AP

The detection of acetaminophen (ACOP) and its toxic hydrolyzed product p-aminophenol (4-AP) is very significant for clinical diagnosis and quality control of drug formulation. In this study, a novel electrochemical sensor based on MoS2 embedding triangular Ag nanoplates (Tri-AgNPs) coated MOF-808 was developed for simultaneous and sensitive detection of ACOP and 4-AP. The morphology and structure MOF-808@MoS2/Tri-AgNPs nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and so on. The electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of the composite electrode were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The experimental results demonstrated that the constructed sensor had excellent electrochemical performance for ACOP and 4-AP detection due to the synergistic interaction among MOF-808, MoS2 and Tri-AgNPs. The proposed sensor exhibited a wide linear range (1–450 μM) and low limits of detection for detection of ACOP (0.054 μM) and 4-AP (0.046 μM). At the same time, the sensor also showed outstanding repeatability, reproducibility, stability and selectivity. In addition, MOF-808@MoS2/Tri-AgNPs/GCE was also employed to determine ACOP and 4-AP in acetaminophen tablets and Yellow River water samples with satisfactory recovery rates, which indicated the feasibility of the developed electrochemical sensor in the actual sample analysis.

Association between acetaminophen metabolites and CYP2E1 DNA methylation level in neonate cord blood in the Boston Birth Cohort

BackgroundAcetaminophen is a commonly used medication by pregnant women and is known to cross the placenta. However, little is known about the biological mechanisms that regulate acetaminophen in the developing offspring. Cytochrome 2E1 (CYP2E1) is the primary enzyme responsible for the conversion of acetaminophen to its toxic metabolite. Ex vivo studies have shown that the CYP2E1 gene expression in human fetal liver and placenta is largely controlled by DNA methylation (DNAm) at CpG sites located in the gene body of CYP2E1 at the 5’ end. To date, no population studies have examined the association between acetaminophen metabolite and fetal DNAm of CYP2E1 at birth.MethodsWe utilized data from the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC) which represents an urban, low-income, racially and ethnically diverse population in Boston, Massachusetts. Acetaminophen metabolites were measured in the cord plasma of newborns enrolled in BBC between 2003 and 2013 using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. DNAm at 28 CpG sites of CYP2E1 was measured by Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. We used linear regression to identify differentially methylated CpG sites and the “DiffVar” method to identify differences in methylation variation associated with the detection of acetaminophen, adjusting for cell heterogeneity and batch effects. The false discovery rate (FDR) was calculated to account for multiple comparisons.ResultsAmong the 570 newborns included in this study, 96 (17%) had detectable acetaminophen in cord plasma. We identified 7 differentially methylated CpGs (FDR < 0.05) associated with the detection of acetaminophen and additional 4 CpGs showing a difference in the variation of methylation (FDR < 0.05). These CpGs were all located in the gene body of CYP2E1 at the 5’ end and had a 3–6% lower average methylation level among participants with detectable acetaminophen compared to participants without. The CpG sites we identified overlap with previously identified DNase hypersensitivity and open chromatin regions in the ENCODE project, suggesting potential regulatory functions.ConclusionsIn a US birth cohort, we found detection of cord biomarkers of acetaminophen was associated with DNAm level of CYP2E1 in cord blood. Our findings suggest that DNA methylation of CYP2E1 may be an important regulator of acetaminophen levels in newborns.

Sensitive voltammetric detection of acetaminophen at electropolymerized bromophenol red film-coated pencil graphite

Sensitive voltammetric detection of acetaminophen at electropolymerized bromophenol red film-coated pencil graphite

Methodological considerations of the acetaminophen Detection Kit®: Involvement of molecular oxygen (O2) in an indophenol reaction

The Acetaminophen Detection Kit® (Kanto Chemical Company Co. Inc., Tokyo, Japan) is a colorimetric test based on an indophenol reaction. The test involves three reactions: deproteination of the sample, hydrolysis of acetaminophen to yield p-aminophenol, and coupling p-aminophenol with a derivative of phenol in alkali conditions to form a blue-colored indophenol dye. The kit was devised to accomplish these three reactions with only two reagents, allowing the prompt diagnosis of acetaminophen overdose in emergency medicine.In the user instructions included with the kit and in reports introducing the kit, the chemical composition of the two reagents was not disclosed. Details about the composition can be found in the Safety Data Sheet from the manufacturer; however, there is little explanation about the principle (mechanism) of the coupling reaction. This lack of information appears to have hampered the use of this kit in forensic medicine. In this report, we conducted the coupling reaction by successively adding the two reagents to a p-aminophenol (intermediate molecule) solution with the reaction vessel open to the air and under an anaerobic condition. Development of the blue color was inhibited in the absence of air but gradually developed when the reaction vessel was opened to air. Thus, the coupling reaction is an oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction that requires molecular oxygen (O2) dissolved from the air to act as an oxidant. This finding corroborates statements in previous reports and will hopefully facilitate the use of the kit for forensic purposes.

Novel graphene electrochemical transistors incorporating zirconia inorganic molecular imprinted layer：Design, construction and application for highly sensitive and selective detection of acetaminophen

Owing to their intrinsic amplifying effect together with chemical stability, graphene electrochemical transistor sensors (GECTs) are gaining momentum for sensing applications. However, the surface of GECTs for different detection substances must be modified with different recognition molecules, which was cumbersome and lack a universal method. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is a kind of polymer with specific recognition function for given molecules. Here, MIP and GECTs were combined to effectively solve the problem of weak selectivity of GECTs, and achieve the high sensitivity and selectivity of MIP-GECTs equipment in detecting acetaminophen (AP) in complex urine environment. A novel molecular imprinting sensor based on Au nanoparticles modified zirconia (ZrO2) inorganic molecular imprinting membrane on reduced graphene oxide (ZrO2-MIP-Au/rGO) was proposed. ZrO2-MIP-Au/rGO was synthesized by one-step electropolymerization using AP as template, ZrO2 precursor as the functional monomer. The –OH group on ZrO2 and the –OH/–CONH– group on AP were easily bonded by hydrogen bonding to form a MIP layer on the surface, which allows the sensor to have a large number of imprinted cavities for AP specific adsorption. As a proof of method, the GECTs based on ZrO2-MIP-Au/rGO functional gate electrode has the characteristics of wide linear range (0.1 nM-4 mM), low detection limit (0.1 nM) and high selectivity for AP detection. These achievements highlight the introduction of specific and selective MIP to GECTs with unique amplification function, which could effectively solve the problem of selectivity of GECTs in complex environments, suggesting the potential of MIP-GECTs in real-time diagnosis.

Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Synthesis of a Strontium Tungstate Bifunctional Catalyst: Investigation on the Electrocatalytic Determination and Photocatalytic Degradation of Acetaminophen and Metformin Drugs

In this work, we propose a modified solid-state approach for the sustainable preparation of a SrWO4 bifunctional catalyst using thymol-menthol-based natural deep eutectic green solvents (NADESs). Various spectroscopic and morphological techniques analyzed the as-synthesized SrWO4 particles. Acetaminophen (ATP) and metformin (MTF) were selected as the model drug compounds. The electrochemical detection and photocatalytic degradation of ATP and MTF upon ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) light irradiation in the presence of as-prepared SrWO4 particles as an active catalyst are examined. The present study displayed that the proposed catalyst SrWO4 has enhanced catalytic activity in achieving the optimum experimental conditions, and linear ranges of ATP = 0.01-25.90 μM and MTF = 0.01-25.90 μM, a lower limit of detection (LOD) value (ATP = 0.0031 μM and MTF = 0.008 μM), and higher sensitivity toward ATP and MTF determination were obtained. Similarly, the rate constant was found to be k = ATP = 0.0082 min-1 and MTF = 0.0296 min-1 according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, benefitting from the excellent synergistic impact of the SrWO4 catalyst toward the photocatalytic degradation of the drug molecule. Hence, this work offers innovative insights into the applicability of the as-prepared SrWO4 bifunctional catalyst as an excellent functional material for the remediation of emerging pollutants in water bodies with a recovery range of 98.2-99.75%.

A novel electrochemical sensor based on AuNPs/Co‐CNs for the simultaneous detection of acetaminophen and 4‐aminophenol

AbstractIn this work, two‐dimensional cobalt metal organic framework nanosheets (CoTP) were prepared by the simple hydrothermal reaction of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate with terephthalic acid, and then calcined at a high temperature under the environment of nitrogen to obtain cobalt carbon nanomaterials (Co‐CNs). The gold nanomaterials (AuNPs) were prepared by redox reaction. The prepared materials were characterized and analyzed by XRD, SEM and IR. A novel electrochemical sensor (AuNPs/Co‐CNs) was constructed successfully on a glassy carbon electrode combining Co‐CNs with AuNPs, which showed significant electrocatalytic activities for acetaminophen (PA) and 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) and could be used to detect them simultaneously. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges for determination of PA and 4‐AP were 0.50–250.00 μM and 0.50–350.00 μM with the detection limits of 0.11 μM and 0.10 μM, respectively. Compared with other related reports, the proposed sensor exhibits a wider linear ranges, good sensitivity, accuracy and selectivity with potential applications in real sample analysis.

A graphene oxide/Zn-metal organic framework electrochemical sensor for acetaminophen detection

In this study, an electrochemical sensor based on graphene oxide (GO)/Zn-metal organic framework (ZIF-8) composite electrode was used to detect acetaminophen (APAP). GO/ZIF-8 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of APAP on GO/ZIF-8 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The DPV signal of GO/ZIF-8 for APAP detection is 4.3 times higher than pure ZIF-8, and the efficient electrochemical performance was attributed to that introduction of GO can effectively enhance the electron transport capacity of ZIF-8. The sensor exhibits a linear range of 0.05–1.3 µM and a low detection limit of 0.014 µM. It shows excellent selectivity, repeatability and also can be used to determine APAP in human urine samples and drug tablets.

Detection of Acetaminophen in Groundwater by Laccase-Based Amperometric Biosensors Using MoS2 Modified Carbon Paper Electrodes.

The use of enzyme-based biosensors for the detection and quantification of analytes of interest such as contaminants of emerging concern, including over-the-counter medication, provides an attractive alternative compared to more established techniques. However, their direct application to real environmental matrices is still under investigation due to the various drawbacks in their implementation. Here, we report the development of bioelectrodes using laccase enzymes immobilized onto carbon paper electrodes modified with nanostructured molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The laccase enzymes were two isoforms (LacI and LacII) produced and purified from the fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus CS43 that is native to Mexico. A commercial purified enzyme from the fungus Trametes versicolor (TvL) was also evaluated to compare their performance. The developed bioelectrodes were used in the biosensing of acetaminophen, a drug widely used to relieve fever and pain, and of which there is recent concern about its effect on the environment after its final disposal. The use of MoS2 as a transducer modifier was evaluated, and it was found that the best detection was achieved using a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Moreover, it was found that the laccase with the best biosensing efficiency was LacII, which achieved an LOD of 0.2 µM and a sensitivity of 0.108 µA/µM cm2 in the buffer matrix. Moreover, the performance of the bioelectrodes in a composite groundwater sample from Northeast Mexico was analyzed, achieving an LOD of 0.5 µM and a sensitivity of 0.015 µA/µM cm2. The LOD values found are among the lowest reported for biosensors based on the use of oxidoreductase enzymes, while the sensitivity is the highest currently reported.

Samarium doped nickel oxide supported on 2D-hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets for electrochemical sensing of Acetaminophen

An effective electrochemical sensor utilizing the superior electrocatalytic activity of SmNiO@BN nanocomposite is presented for the sensitive determination of Acetaminophen. In this study, SmNiO@BN-based nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, RAMAN, XPS, SEM, TEM, and AFM analysis to inspect the structural and morphological constitution. TEM image revealed excellent morphology of hexagonal BN and synthesized nanocomposite. The electrochemical behavior of Acetaminophen on the surface of a modified GCE was studied using CV, DPV, and EIS. SmNiO@BN modified GCE has a synergistically catalytic effect for the oxidation of Acetaminophen attributed to its large surface area, more active sites, rapid charge transfer, and abundance of defects. The proposed electrochemical sensing platform for Acetaminophen detection has high selectivity, low LOD (0.43 µM), a wide linear range (0.5–13,000 µM), and a short reaction time. Modified GCE is useful for Acetaminophen detection in the real sample.

Ultra-sonic assisted synthesis of nitrogen rich-g-C3N5 @MoO3 Z-scheme system for efficient removal of acetaminophen in aqueous environment via photo- and electro-catalytically

Herein, a nitrogen-rich g-C3N5 @MoO3 hybrid material has been prepared via an ultrasonic method, and its photo- and electro-catalytic properties were confirmed through the degradation and determination of acetaminophen (AP) were reported. The as-prepared materials were confirmed using some analytical techniques including XRD, FT-IR, DRS, BET, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX, and mapping analysis. In addition to that, the electron transfer properties as well as recombination were confirmed by photocurrent and impedance spectroscopy. The optimized g-C3N5 @MoO3 (10%) photocatalyst shows an excellent electron transfer and reduces the recombination rate of electron and hole pairs which was confirmed by the degradation of AP in the aqueous environment. The degradation rate and kinetic constant were calculated and presented. The radical scavengers test was investigated and proposed the degradation mechanism of g-C3N5 @MoO3 (10%) via Z-scheme. In addition, the g-C3N5 @MoO3 (10%) catalyst was fabricated on GCE and utilized for the detection of AP via electrochemically (CV, DPV, and impedance). The limit of detection and sensitivity of the prepared g-C3N5 @MoO3 were investigated thoroughly and presented. The electro-catalytic mechanism was also proposed and studied. These higher photo- and electro-catalytic properties of g-C3N5 @MoO3 (10%) are due to the higher surface area and synergistic effect between both g-C3N5 and MoO3. Hope this method and fabrication of materials could be an effective way to prepare new nanomaterials with high performance.

Metal-organic framework-derived molybdenum phosphide@mesoporous carbon composite for electrochemical acetaminophen detection

Electrochemical methods have attracted great attention in the detection of acetaminophen (AP) due to their high sensitivity, rapidity, and simplicity. Molybdenum phosphide (MoP) with excellent catalytic activity and redox property has been widely used for electrochemical applications. In this work, MoP nanoparticles loaded with mesoporous carbon (MoP@C-D2) were successfully synthesized and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is shown that the temperature rising process and the amount of polyoxometalate and NaH2PO2 can significantly affect the specific surface areas and pore structures of the product, thereby affecting their sensing performances. Structural studies indicated that MoP nanoparticles in MoP@C-D2 were uniformly dispersed in mesoporous carbon matrix, endowing the composite high conductivity, large specific surface area, and good catalytic activity. MoP@C-D2 modified electrode showed a wide linear detection range of 1.24–1071.4 μM, the detection of limit (LOD) of 0.008 μM, high stability, and good selectivity for AP detection. In addition, the constructed electrode can also be used to detect the content of AP in commercial medicine. This work extends the application of mesoporous MoP-based composite in electrochemical sensing.