Detection Of Cyanide Ions Research Articles

A potent ratiometric detection and estimation of cyanide in the mainstream smoke of tobacco products by spectroscopic technique

Universal anxiety for the human well-being menaces of cigarette smoking associated with excessive level of toxic metal cations and anions such as cyanide ion are the risky tobacco ingredients which are required to be detected in order to reduce the dose linked with smoke-related diseases. In the current study, a novel and simple naked-eye colorimetric probe PS5 and FPS has been synthesized by nucleophilic addition of 2,4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine with the respective aldehyde P1 and P2 to recognize cyanide ion selectively over other competitive ions. To compare the efficacy of organic and organo-metallic compounds in recognition of cyanide ion, thiazole and ferrocene derived aldehydes have been chosen. Both the probe PS5 and FPS exhibited huge bathochromic shift of ̃100 nm when cyanide ion is introduced to the probe. The emergence of a new peak and diminishing of the existing peak of the probe fulfills the prerequisite for the ratiometric recognition of cyanide ion. Eventually, it also signifies the efficient ICT in the ground state and a vibrant change in color from yellow to pink. The practical applicability of the probe in detection of cyanide ion has been tested in the mainstream smoke of tobacco products. Cyanide levels in smoke from U.S. commercial cigarettes range from 10 to 400 μg/cigarette for mainstream (inhaled) smoke and from 0.006 to 0.27 μg/cigarette for side stream smoke. Thus, our compound can detect 3.807 µg of cyanide present in the smoke which lesser than the actual permitted level of cyanide in the commercial product.

Phenothiazine-derived fluorescent chemosensor: A versatile platform enabling swift cyanide ion detection and its multifaceted utility in paper strips, environmental water, food samples and living cells

A phenothiazine-linked pyridine acetonitrile with a cyanoethylene bond PZ-PY has been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation reaction and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The structure of PZ-PY was confirmed through single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies; revealing its monoclinic crystal system with a P21/c space group. The absorption maximum and emission spectrum of the PZ-PY receptor were observed at 431 and 608 nm respectively. Cyanide anion is one of the most prevalent chemicals in the environment, its toxic nature poses a constant threat to human daily life. The PZ-PY receptor’s recognition of cyanide ions is associated with remarkable photophysical properties. The binding stoichiometry of PZ-PY-CN- was confirmed by Job’s plot, B-H studies, 1H NMR titration, TD-DFT, and ESI-mass spectroscopy. The relatively low limit of detection was determined to be 8.79 × 10 -8 M in a linear range between 0 and 120 µL. PZ-PY receptor exhibits an aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) nature with the increase in water fraction; it is stable between pH 2 to 11. Moreover, the practical applicability of PZ-PY was investigated through the test strip, solid-state, bioimaging (A547 cell line), detection of cyanide in diverse water samples (tap water, distilled water, and lake water), and food samples (sprouted potatoes, bitter almonds, and cassava).

Fluorescent Nanoassembly of Tetrazole-Based Dyes with Amphoteric Surfactants: Investigation of Cyanide Sensing and Antitubercular Activity.

Tetrazole-based easily synthesizable fluorogenic probes have been developed that can form self-assembled nanostructures in the aqueous medium. Though the compounds could achieve detection of cyanide ions in apolar solvents, such as, THF, significant interference was observed from other basic anions, such as F-, AcO-, H2PO4-, etc. On the other hand, a highly specific response was observed for CN- ions in the aqueous medium. However, the sensitivity was so poor that it could hardly be useful for real-life sample analysis. Interestingly, the co-assembly of such probe molecules with hydroxyethyl-anchored amphoteric surfactants could drastically improve the sensitivity toward CN- ions in water without dampening their excellent selectivity. Also, it was observed that the degree of fluorescence response for CN- ions depends on the nature of the polyaromatic scaffolds (naphthyl vs anthracenyl), the nature of the surfactant assembly (micelle vs vesicle), etc. The mechanistic investigation indicates the hydrogen bonding interaction between the tetrazole -NH group and cyanide ions in the aqueous medium, which can effectively change the electronics of the tetrazole unit, resulting in alteration in the extent of charge transfer interaction. Then, the biocompatible composite materials (dye-surfactant assemblies at different ratios) were tested for antituberculosis activity. Fortunately, in a few cases, the compositions were found to be as effective as the commercially available antituberculosis drug, ethambutol.

Anthraquinone Based Sensors for the Selective Detection of Cyanide Ion with Turn on Fluorescence with Logic Gate & Real Sample Applications.

In recent years, there is an increasing interest in finding better and more efficient ways to detect CN- ions. Most of the anthraquinone-based probes show less fluorescenceThis paper presents the design and synthesis of a new anthraquinone based imine probe with good colorimetric sensing property and fluorescent turn on behavior towardCN- ion. Herein, we report a receptor with both colorimetric and fluorescent enhancement of cyanide ion in DMSO medium is synthesized. The synthesized receptor shows an immediate color change from orange to pink when cyanide is added; and it can be readily observed visually due to the presence of diverse p-conjugated systems in the receptor. These studies wereconfirmed by UV-Visible, PL studies, DFT, HRMS and 1H NMR titration. Moreover, this receptor shows 1:1 stoichiometry and micromolar detection limit. Further the receptor wasapplied to areal sample in finger millet (Eleusine Coracana) to detect the presence of cyanide ion. Moreover, the receptor is applicable towardINHIBITION, IMPLICATION logic gates with two input systems.

A reaction-based carbazole-dicyanovinyl conjugated colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for selective detection of cyanide ions

In the present work, 4-(9′-hexylcarbazol-3′-yl)benzylidenemalononitrile 5 (probe L) was tested as a colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) medium towards anions, cations and neutral molecules. The sensing properties of probe L were investigated by using UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Probe L showed selectivity and sensitivity towards cyanide ions (CN–) in the presence of analytes used. Upon the addition of CN–, intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) band at 425 nm in UV spectrum disappeared. In addition, ICT emission intensity at 593 nm decreased and ligand-centred (LC) emission intensity at 480 nm increased. These findings indicate that nucleophilic conjugate addition of CN– to the dicyanovinyl group of probe L successfully occurs, hence forming a new adduct between probe L and CN–. In this adduct, π-conjugation was partially blocked, and the ICT transfer was hindered. Adduct formation was proved by Job’s plot, 1H NMR and FT-IR analysis. Probe L showed very low limit of detection (LOD) value of 1.467 nM towards CN–. Probe L was also applied to the CN– detection in real-world water samples by the spike and recovery method. The maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) value was 4.24, indicating this method works successfully. Therefore, probe L could find a potential use in detection of CN– in liquid media.

Chromone-derived chemosensors: an experimental and theoretical study on cyanide detection

ABSTRACT This study introduces chromone-based probes designed for selective cyanide ion detection in acetonitrile. Through various spectroscopic methods, the probes demonstrated a colour change from colourless to yellow, enabling naked-eye detection of cyanide ions. The sensors exhibited high sensitivity (6.2 µM) and selectivity for CN¯ ions over common anions. Computational analyses by FMO, NCI, QTAIM, NBO and EDD analysis confirmed the probes’ suitability for cyanide detection. Overall, the synthesised compounds present a promising solution for practical applications in the field of cyanide ion sensing.

Benzotiazole‐Based Colorimetric Chemosensor for the Effective Detection of Hazardous Cyanide Ions

AbstractA new hydrazone based on 5‐nitrofurfural and 2‐hydrazinobenzothiazole (L) was introduced as a colorimetric chemosensor for rapid, selective, and sensitive detection of CN− ions in aqueous media. The chemosensor L was characterized using spectral methods such as FT‐IR, 1H, 13C NMR, UV‐Vis, and mass spectrometry. The interaction of L with the CN− ion provides a marked color change from yellow to blue‐green or blue, depending on the concentration of cyanide ions. The change in colour as well as in absorption maxima make it possible to detect CN− ions with the naked eye. The detection limit of the chemosensor L is 0.26 μM, which is below the WHO limit for cyanide ions in drinking water. Other competing anions (F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, SCN−, ClO3−, ClO4−, SO32−, H2PO4−, HSO4−, and NO3−) showed little effect on the detection of cyanide ions. Quantum chemical calculations confirm the recognition mechanism, which is based on the formation of a molecular complex of the −NH‐hydrazine fragment of the chemosensor L with cyanide ion. The chemosensor L applied on the paper and polymeric test strips can be used in experiments to detect cyanide ions in samples of drinking and river water.

Spectroscopic and TD-DFT studies on the chromo-fluorogenic detection of cyanide ions in organic and aquo-organic media

A new naked-eye chromogenic and fluorogenic probe KS5 has been developed for the detection of CN– ions in neat DMSO and H2O:DMSO (1:1 v/v) media. The probe KS5 exhibited selectivity towards CN– and F− ions in organic and high selectivity towards CN– ions in aquo-organic media resulting in a colour change from brown to colourless and a turn-on fluorescence response. The probe could able to detect CN– ions via a deprotonation process, which was conceived by consecutive addition of hydroxide and hydrogen ions and confirmed using 1H NMR studies. The limit of detection (LOD) of KS5 towards CN– ions were in the range of 0.07–0.62 µM in both these solvent systems. Suppression of intra-molecular charge transfer (ICT) transition and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process of KS5 by the added CN– ions are responsible for the chromogenic and fluorogenic changes observed, respectively. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations strongly supported the proposed mechanism along with the optical properties of the probe before and after the addition of CN– ions. To prove the practical applicability, KS5 was successfully utilized to detect CN– ions in cassava powder and bitter almonds as well as to determine CN– ions in various real water samples.

Synthesis, Spectral, Redox, and Sensing Studies of β-Dicyanovinyl-Appended Corroles and Their Metal Complexes.

A new family of β-dicyanovinyl (DCV)-appended corroles represented as MTPC(MN) (where M = 3H, Cu, Ag, and Co(PPh3) and MN = malononitrile and TPC = 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole) were synthesized starting from the free base mono β-formyl corrole, H3TPC(CHO), and characterized along with their respective MTPC(CHO) and MTPC complexes as to their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties in nonaqueous media. Comparisons between the two series of corroles demonstrate a pronounced substituent effect of the β-DCV group on the physicochemical properties making the MTPC(MN) derivatives substantially easier to reduce and more difficult to oxidize than the formyl or unsubstituted corroles. In addition, the colorimetric and spectral detection of 11 different anions (X) in the form of tetrabutylammonium salts (TBAX, X = PF6-, OAc-, H2PO4-, CN-, HSO4-, NO3-, ClO4-, F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-) were also investigated in nonaqueous media. Of the investigated anions, only CN- was found to induce changes in the UV-vis and 1H NMR spectra of the β-DCV metallocorroles. This data revealed that CuTPC(MN) and AgTPC(MN) act as chemodosimeters for selective cyanide ion detection via a nucleophilic attack at the vinylic carbon of the DCV substituent, while (PPh3)CoTPC(MN) acts as a chemosensor for cyanide ion sensing via axial coordination to the cobalt metal center. A low-limit detection of cyanide ions was observed at 1.69 ppm for CuTPC(MN) and 1.17 ppm for AgTPC(MN) in toluene.

Phthalimide‐Based Off‐On‐Off Fluorosensor for Cascade Detection of Cyanide Ions and Picric Acid

AbstractNovel methods that can be utilized to identify and detect harmful environmental pollutants still need to be proposed. This article describes the effective design and development of a turn‐on photoluminescence probe, T1 [(E)‐5‐((2‐hydroxybenzylidene) amino) isoindoline‐1, 3‐dione], which is selective and sensitive towards CN− ions having detection limit nM to μM range. When exposed to CN− ions, Probe T1 displays a strong fluorescence response under a 365 nm UV light irradiation with a noticeable low to high intense cyan color photoluminescence visible to the naked eye. For the practical utility of the present probe T1, a paper strips‐based test kit experiment has been demonstrated as a portable and displayable photonic device for on‐site detection of CN− ions. Furthermore, the T1‐CN− adduct has been applied for detecting explosive nitroaromatic compounds, especially PA, based on the photoluminescence quenching mechanism. Using CN− ions, and PA as chemically encoded inputs and corresponding optical output, a molecular logic gate has been constructed. Further, probe T1 has been employed as a bio‐analytical tool to map intercellular CN− ions in live cells. This study invokes a novel approach for designing and developing efficient and selective sensors employing well‐known fluorescent probes as signaling units with prior photophysical knowledge.

Silicon nanoparticles as a fluorometric probe for sensitive detection of cyanide ion and its application in C. elegans bio-imaging

In recent years, silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) have been explored as a promising alternative to traditional organic fluorophores in optical sensing and bioimaging applications owing to their exceptional optical properties and negligible toxicity. In this study, water-dispersible Si NPs were prepared from a 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane precursor using a facile one-pot process. The as-prepared Si NPs exhibited excitation-wavelength-dependent fluorescence properties and bright green fluorescence at 530 nm upon excitation at 420 nm. The fluorescence properties of Si NPs remained unperturbed under various physiological conditions, such as varying pH, ionic strength, and incubation time. A sensitive fluorometric turn-off sensor for cyanide ion (CN−) detection was devised based on the unique fluorescence properties of Si NPs. The Si NPs-based detection assay showed a good linear response toward CN− ranging between 0 and 33 μM, with a limit of detection as low as 0.90 nM. Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model organism to evaluate the in vivo toxicity and molecular imaging capability of Si NPs.

Naphthalenediimide-based nanoarchitectonics for a fluorescent chemosensor with highly selective and sensitive detection of cyanide ions.

A naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based highly potential chemosensor for the detection of cyanide has been synthesized successfully in several steps. The NDI-based probe displayed high selectivity and sensitivity towards cyanide ions in fluorescence 'turn-off' mode over other ions used in this study. The naked-eye, UV-vis absorbance and fluorescence methods are employed to investigate the sensing performance of probe 1 toward CN- ion detection. The limit of detection for CN- ions was calculated to be 4.11 × 10-7 M. Moreover, the Stern-Volmer quenching constant and fluorescence quenching efficiency of CN- ions were estimated to be 1.1 × 105 M and 88.81%, respectively. Job's plot showed a 1 : 1 stoichiometric complexation reaction between probe 1 and CN- ions. For practical applications, probe 1 was efficiently applied for the detection of CN- ions using a paper strip method.

Optical, electrochemical, and test strip methods for sensitive and selective detection of Cyanide ion using a multifunctional π-extended azaacene-based system

A reversible multichannel chemosensor IPBTO [E)-5-(4-(1H- imidazo[4,5-b]phenazin-2-yl) benzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one] was fabricated as a D-π-A system and used for the detection of cyanide ion (CN–) in aqueous solutions. This chemosensor exhibited a switch-off fluorescence response at 566 nm for CN– in the presence of other tested anions. The detection limit of IPBTO toward CN– was 0.7 μM with the association constant being 2.0 × 106 M−1. The reversibility and reusability aspects of this chemosensor were investigated for five consecutive runs, and good results were obtained. In addition, IPBTO as a bioimaging agent with good cell viability was deployed for the detection of CN– in MDA-MB-231 cells. Excellent potential for sensing CN– was also realized for this chemosensor in food and environmental samples. Besides, IPBTO was self-assembled on the gold electrode surface (Au-IPBTO SAM) and used for accumulation and detection of CN– in aqueous media. This modified electrode was characterized by ATR surface analysis, and the electrochemical behavior of the electrode was studied utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Our results have conclusively revealed that this electrochemical sensor could be successfully used to detect CN−.

Electrochemical Synthesis of 5‐Benzylidenebarbiturate Derivatives and Their Application as Colorimetric Cyanide Probe

AbstractA highly efficient, fast, catalyst‐free, and atom economical method was developed for the synthesis of 5‐benzylidenebarbiturates. Thus, reacting barbituric acid and aldehydes in water as a green solvent under electrochemical conditions afforded the synthesis of the target compounds in six minutes and in highly pure forms. The effects of solvent, reaction time, temperature, electrolyte, and electrode material were studied to optimize the reaction conditions. The scope of the reaction was broadened by the synthesis of 5‐(arylidene)barbiturate derivatives 3 a–3 q using different aldehydes. Calculation of the green chemistry metrics proved the efficiency of the reaction in terms of E‐factor, mass intensity, mass productivity, and reaction mass efficiency. Compound 3 g [5‐(4‐(dimethylamino)benzylidene) barbiturate] was used for the colorimetric detection of cyanide ion over dynamic linear range 1–25 μM with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.86 μM.

Synthesis of Fumed-Pr-Pi-TCT as a Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Detection of Cyanide Ions in Aqueous Media

In this research, fumed silica scaffolds modified via treatment with (3-chloropropyl)-triethoxysilane, piperazine, and trichlorotriazine groups were deployed for the specific detection of cyanide ions, thus paving the way for the detection of environmental hazards and pollutants with high specificity. Fumed-propyl -piperazine-trichlorotriazine (fumed-Pr-Pi-TCT) was synthesized in three steps starting from fume silica. It was functionalized subsequently using 3-(choloropropyl)-trimethoxysilane, piperazine, and trichlorotriazine, and then, the product was characterized through several methods including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fumed-Pr-Pi-TCT was exposed as a nanoparticle sensor to a range of different anions in aqueous media. This novel sensor could detect cyanide ions as a hazardous material, with the limit of detection being 0.82 × 10−4 M.

Unveiling the molecular mechanism of spiropyran-based receptors toward cyanide sensing: A theoretical study

Spiropyran-based derivatives are widely used for highly selective colorimetric detection of cyanide ion. Herein, geometric structures, electronic characteristics, thermodynamics, density of states, frontier molecular orbital, and absorption properties for 2-(8-(hydroxymethyl)-3',3'-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro [chromene-2,2'-indolin]-1'-yl) ethanol ( SP ), 2-(8-(hydroxymethyl)-3',3'-dimethyl-6-nitro-7-((4-nitrophenyl) diazenyl)-4a,8a-dihydrospiro [chromene-2,2'-indolin]-1'-yl) ethanol ( SP-1 ), and the newly designed 2-(8-(hydroxymethyl)-3',3'-dimethyl-6-nitro-7-((4-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) -4a,8a-dihydrospiro [benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-2,2'-indolin]-1'-yl) ethanol ( SP-2 ) receptors are computed by density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory, shedding light on their molecular mechanism toward cyanide sensing. The negative values of free-energy changes and the binding energies indicate that the CN - binding with the above-mentioned receptors is thermodynamically feasible. A sharp distinction in absorption wavelength is obtained after CN - binds to receptors, contributing to the sensitive detection of cyanide ion. Our results reveal that the difference in absorption wavelength is due to the configurational change and intramolecular charge transfer transition for receptor-CN - systems, in comparison with the π−π* transition for the receptors. This work could offer a clear theoretical guideline for fabricating high-performance probes (e.g., receptor SP-2/MC-2 ) toward cyanide. • Disclosing the molecular mechanism of spiropyran-based receptors toward cyanide detection via theoretical calculations. • Systematic analysis of geometric structures, electronic characteristics, thermodynamics, and adsorption properties. • A clear theoretical guideline for fabricating high-performance fluorescent cyanide probes.

Blue light emitting fluorophore for the effective detection of cyanide ion and electronic test kit development for real time measurement

This work deals with the blue light emitting fluorophore containing indolium/coumarin fused conjugated system probe JE5, for the effective detection of cyanide ion. The probe holding diethylamino coumarin unit as a donor unit and indolium as an acceptor unit that is connected by a π-conjugation. The cyanide ion sensing ability of the probe has been monitored by UV–visible and fluorescence measurement. The probe exhibits a vivid color change from deep blue to pale yellow before and after sensing cyanide ion. The color change confirmed by visual and UV–visible titration studies. Fluorescence enhancement was observed for the probe after cyanide addition. The obtained color change was due to the disconnection of ICT between the donor and acceptor unit resulting in color change with the added cyanide ion. The limit of detection of the probe JE5 found to be 1.99 μM and 0.97 nM by UV–Visible and fluorescence methods. Electronic device with proper coding data developed for the effective detection of cyanide ion. The stoichiometry of 1:1 binding between JE5 and cyanide ion was obtained.

Imidazole-derived new colorimetric/fluorometric chemosensor for the sensitive recognition of CN− ions: Real-time application in food samples and fluorescence bio-imaging

On account of the supreme toxicity of CN− ions in the physiological systems, it is essential to develop a sensitive chemosensor to detect cyanide ions. Herein, we designed a new 5-(3-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (BMA) sensor, which exhibits tremendous colorimetric as well as fluorometric behaviour towards CN− ions. This could be due to the nucleophilic attack of CN− ions on the dione-vinyl site, which induces intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) capabilities. The cyanide recognition mechanism of BMA was verified by optical experiments such as UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, NMR, and mass analysis. Moreover, the structural characterization was done by 1H NMR titration and HRMS analysis, and the molecular orbital interactions were studied by TDDFT calculations. The sensor BMA exhibited a rapid response towards CN− ions (10 sec) with low detection limit (7.87 nM), great pH stability in the physiologically applicable pH range (6–12) and had good sensitivity and selectivity towards CN− ions. Encouraged by these detection properties, we successfully used sensor BMA to determine CN− ions in real water and food samples. To validate the colorimetric behavior of the sensor BMA, test paper strip experiments were carried out in the laboratory. We also extensively studied the effect of the sensor in Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacterial cells.

Dibenzothiazole appended 4-hydroxyphenyl acrylonitrile as a highly selective visual and fluorimetric detection of cyanide ion

A new colorimetric, fluorescent chemosensor 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylonitrile (DBTH) with a D-π-A framework has been developed for the detection of cyanide anion (CN−). DBTH can display a high degree of selectivity and sensitivity towards CN− relative to a wide variety of competing anions. DBTH undergoes a color change from colorless to brown after reaction with CN− because of a strong blue shift in the absorption peak at 353 nm. The interaction between blue-fluorescent DBTH and CN− results in a significant decrease in fluorescence. The nucleophilic addition of CN− is the cause of the optical response of DBTH to CN−. The hypothesized mechanism was supported by 1H NMR titrations, mass spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. The detection limit of the probe is (colorimetrically 8.4 nM and fluorometrically 8.9 nM), which is less than the threshold of 1.9 μM set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for CN− ions in an aqueous solution. DBTH coated test kits were developed for on-site detection of cyanide ion that have the added benefit of being solid-supported chemosensors.

A Novel Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Cyanide Ions in Solutions and Studies on Its Biophysical Interactions with ctDNA and Proteases.

A new cationic indolium based styryl dye (Ci) as a fluorescent probe was synthesized and its anions selectivity/sensitivity properties/molecular interactions with protease enzymes (pepsin/trypsin) and ctDNA has been studied by spectroscopic and computational methods. The fluorescence measurements at different temperatures indicated that quenching mechanism of enzymes by Ci was static. ΔH and ΔS data pointed out electrostatic/hydrophobic interactions with pepsin, and also hydrogen bonds/van der Waals forces with trypsin of Ci. According to Förster's non-radiative energy transfer, binding distances (r) were calculated as 3.53/3.27nm for pepsin/trypsin. It was also investigated that groove binding is effective in interaction with ctDNA. The results were supported with molecular docking analyzes which have same tendency. Ci has been demonstrated hypsochromic effect with a decrease in polarity of solventsand it showed highly selective colorimetric and fluorometric sensing behavior for cyanide in organic solvent and inaqueous solution. 1H NMR titration was performed to examine the interaction mechanism between Ci and cyanide. The LOD values of cyanide ion were reported as 4.87 × 10-9M and 9.70 × 10-7M in DMSO and DMSO/H2O binary mixture, respectively. In addition, sensitivity of Ci as a chemosensor to cyanide was investigated in bitter almond samples.