IntroductionHere, we present the first description of the Andalusian Bipolar Family (ABiF) Study. This longitudinal investigation of families from Andalusia, Spain commenced in 1997 with the aim of elucidating the molecular genetic causes of bipolar affective disorder. The cohort has since contributed to a number of key genetic findings, as reported in international journals. However, insight into the genetic underpinnings of the disorder in these families remains limited. MethodIn the initial 1997–2003 study phase, 100 multiplex bipolar disorder and other mood disorder families were recruited. The ongoing second phase of the project commenced in 2013, and involves follow-up of a subgroup of the originally recruited families. The aim of the follow-up investigation is to generate: (i) longitudinal clinical data; (ii) results from detailed neuropsychological assessments; and (iii) a more extensive collection of biomaterials for future molecular biological studies. ResultsThe ABiF Study will thus generate a valuable resource for future investigations into the etiology of bipolar affective disorder; in particular the causes of high disease loading within multiply affected families. DiscussionWe discuss the value of this approach in terms of new technologies for the identification of high-penetrance genetic factors. These new technologies include exome and whole genome sequencing, and the use of induced pluripotent stem cells or model organisms to determine functional consequences.