Detailed Action Research Articles

Deep Learning Based Sports Video Classification Research

Abstract In this paper, we study sports video classification technology based on a deep learning algorithm, using a convolutional neural network and deep learning gradient descent algorithm as the main research method to classify and regress the image features of sports video output. A sports video classification model is built to clarify the full research idea, and the results of extracted data are verified one by one with OTB target tracking dataset and specifically analyzed the accuracy and check-all rate of various types of videos, and then conclusions are drawn. The data show that the accuracy of the sports video classification test set with deep learning algorithm reaches 98.3%, and the detection rate of tennis, badminton, and table tennis all reach 92%. Soccer and basketball have a lower accuracy rate but can reach 83%. The accuracy rate of capturing detailed actions is 97.6%. The sports video classification based on deep learning accurately and effectively captures faces and actions accurately, which is important for viewers to find interesting sports video categories quickly.

The Power of Kinetic Inertness in Improving Platinum Anticancer Therapy by Circumventing Resistance and Ameliorating Nephrotoxicity

AbstractEven in the modern era of precision medicine and immunotherapy, chemotherapy with platinum (Pt) drugs remains among the most commonly prescribed medications against a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, the broad applicability of these blockbuster Pt drugs is severely limited by intrinsic and/or acquired resistance, and high systemic toxicity. Considering the strong interconnection between kinetic lability and undesired shortcomings of clinical Pt drugs, we rationally designed kinetically inert organometallic Pt based anticancer agents with a novel mechanism of action. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrated that the development of a remarkably efficacious but kinetically inert Pt anticancer agent is feasible. Along with exerting promising antitumor efficacy in Pt‐sensitive as well as Pt‐resistant tumors in vivo, our best candidate has the ability to mitigate the nephrotoxicity issue associated with cisplatin. In addition to demonstrating, for the first time, the power of kinetic inertness in improving the therapeutic benefits of Pt based anticancer therapy, we describe the detailed mechanism of action of our best kinetically inert antitumor agent. This study will certainly pave the way for designing the next generation of anticancer drugs for effective treatment of various cancers.

The Power of Kinetic Inertness in Improving Platinum Anticancer Therapy by Circumventing Resistance and Ameliorating Nephrotoxicity.

Even in the modern era of precision medicine and immunotherapy, chemotherapy with platinum (Pt) drugs remain among the most commonly prescribed medication against a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, the broad applicability of these blockbuster Pt drugs is severely limited by intrinsic and/or acquired resistance, and high systemic toxicity. Considering the strong inter-connection between kinetic lability and undesired shortcomings of clinical Pt drugs, we rationally designed kinetically inert organometallic Pt based anticancer agents with a novel mechanism of action. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays we demonstrated that the development of a remarkably efficacious but kinetically inert Pt anticancer agent is feasible. Along with exerting promising antitumor efficacy in Pt-sensitive as well as Pt-resistant tumors in vivo, our best candidate has the ability to mitigate the nephrotoxicity issue associated with cisplatin. In addition to demonstrating, for the first time, the power of kinetic inertness on improving the therapeutic benefits of Pt based anticancer therapy, we described the detailed mechanism of action of our best kinetically inert antitumor agent. This study will certainly pave the way for designing next generation of anticancer drugs for effective treatment of various cancers.

Coarse-to-fine fusion for language grounding in 3D navigation

We present a new network whereby an agent navigates in the 3D environment to find a target object according to a language-based instruction. Such a task is challenging because the agent has to understand the instruction correctly and takes a series of actions to locate a target among others without colliding with obstacles. The essence of our proposed network consists of a coarse-to-fine fusion model to fuse language and vision and an autoencoder to encode visual information effectively. Then, an asynchronous reinforcement learning algorithm is used to coordinate detailed actions to complete the navigation task. Extensive evaluation using three different levels of the navigation task in the 3D Vizdoom environment suggests that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art. To see if the proposed network can deal with a real-world 3D environment for the navigation task, it is combined with Rec-BERT, which is based on REVERIE. The result suggests that it performs better, especially for unseen cases, and it is also useful to visualize what and when the agent pays attention to while it navigates in a complex indoor environment.

Sodium Danshensu stabilizes atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques by targeting IKKβ mediated inflammation in macrophages

BackgroundThe primary cause of acute cardiovascular events with high mortality is the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque followed by thrombosis. Sodium Danshensu (SDSS) has shown potential in inhibiting the inflammatory response in macrophages and preventing early plaque formation in atherosclerotic mice. However, the specific targets and detailed mechanism of action of SDSS are still unclear. ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of SDSS in inhibiting inflammation in macrophages and stabilizing vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis (AS). Materials and MethodsThe efficacy of SDSS in stabilizing vulnerable plaques was demonstrated using various techniques such as ultrasound, Oil Red O staining, HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, and lipid analysis in ApoE-/- mice. Subsequently, IKKβ was identified as a potential target of SDSS through protein microarray, network pharmacology analysis, and molecular docking. Additionally, ELISA, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence were employed to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines, IKKβ, and NF-κB pathway-related targets, thereby confirming the mechanism of SDSS in treating AS both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, the impact of SDSS was observed in the presence of an IKKβ-specific inhibitor. ResultsInitially, the administration of SDSS led to a decrease in the formation and area of aortic plaque, while also stabilizing vulnerable plaques in ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, it was identified that IKKβ serves as the primary binding target of SDSS. Additionally, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SDSS effectively inhibits the NF-κB pathway by targeting IKKβ. Lastly, the combined use of the IKKβ-specific inhibitor IMD-0354 further enhanced the beneficial effects of SDSS. ConclusionsSDSS stabilized vulnerable plaques and suppressed inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway through its targeting of IKKβ.

Advances in tuft cells, a chemosensory cell in sequential diseases of the pancreas.

Tuft cells are solitary chemosensory cells distributed mainly in hollow organs and detected in human and mouse pancreas precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer. Induced by inflammation and KRAS mutation, pancreatic acinar cell-derived tuft cells play a protective role in epithelium injury. The tumour suppression of tuft cells has been indicated in some studies. However, the function of tuft cells in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In this review, we first introduce the definition of tuft cells and then review the relationship between tuft cells and pancreatic inflammation. In addition, we emphasized the role of tuft cells in the genesis and development of pancreatic cancers, especially the part of markers for tuft cell's doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1). Finally, we turn to the microscopic perspective and review the interactions between tuft cells and the microbiome in the pancreatic microenvironment. Overall, we describe the role of tuft cells in response to tissue damage and tumour progression in the pancreas. Nevertheless, the specific formation principle and the more detailed mechanism of action of tuft cells in the pancreas remain to be further explored.

The role of the parafascicular thalamic nucleus in action initiation and steering.

The parafascicular (Pf) nucleus of the thalamus has been implicated in arousal and attention, but its contributions to behavior remain poorly characterized. Here, using invivo and invitro electrophysiology, optogenetics, and 3D motion capture, we studied the role of the Pf nucleus in behavior using a continuous reward-tracking task in freely moving mice. We found that many Pf neurons precisely represent vector components of velocity, with a strong preference for ipsiversive movements. Their activity usually leads velocity, suggesting that Pf output is critical for self-initiated orienting behavior. To test this hypothesis, we expressed excitatory or inhibitory opsins in VGlut2+ Pf neurons to manipulate neural activity bidirectionally. We found that selective optogenetic stimulation of these neurons consistently produced ipsiversive head turning, whereas inhibition stopped turning and produced downward movements. Taken together, our results suggest that the Pf nucleus can send continuous top-down commands that specify detailed action parameters (e.g., direction and speed of the head), thus providing guidance for orienting and steering during behavior.

Long non-coding RNAs in non-small cell lung cancer: implications for EGFR-TKI resistance.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of malignant tumors as well as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The application of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has dramatically improved the prognosis of NSCLC patients who harbor EGFR mutations. However, despite an excellent initial response, NSCLC inevitably becomes resistant to EGFR-TKIs, leading to irreversible disease progression. Hence, it is of great significance to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical gene modulators that are able to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors that modulate tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Recently, extensive evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs also have a significant function in modulating EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the lncRNAs involved in EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC and focus on their detailed mechanisms of action, including activation of alternative bypass signaling pathways, phenotypic transformation, intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment, competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) networks, and epigenetic modifications. In addition, we briefly discuss the limitations and the clinical implications of current lncRNAs research in this field.

Pterostilbene, a Natural Methoxylated Analog of Resveratrol, Exhibits Antifungal Activity Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Plasma Membrane Injury

Pterostilbene has been shown to exhibit antifungal activities. However, the detailed action mechanism is unknown. Here, we analyzed the antifungal mechanism of pterostilbene against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The minimum growth inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations of pterostilbene were 120 and 240 µM in a YPD medium, respectively. Although pterostilbene produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), resveratrol did not. This effect was maximized at 120 µM. Furthermore, α-tocopherol acetate inhibited ROS production and reversed pterostilbene-induced growth inhibition. At 240 µM, pterostilbene showed fungicidal effects accompanied by the leakage of intracellular potassium ions, suggesting the involvement of membrane injury in addition to oxidative stress in fungicidal action. Nevertheless, the antioxidants gradually reversed the decrease in cell viability caused by pterostilbene, suggesting that ROS production mainly contributed to the lethal effect. As Pterocarpus marsupium extract, mainly containing pterostilbene, is used as a traditional medicine, pterostilbene has great potential for development as a preservative with fewer adverse effects.

A Keystone Gut Bacterium Christensenella minuta-A Potential Biotherapeutic Agent for Obesity and Associated Metabolic Diseases.

A new next-generation probiotic, Christensenella minuta was first discovered in 2012 from healthy human stool and described under the phylum Firmicutes. C. minuta is a subdominant commensal bacterium with highly heritable properties that exhibits mutual interactions with other heritable microbiomes, and its relative abundance is positively correlated with the lean host phenotype associated with a low BMI index. It has been the subject of numerous studies, owing to its potential health benefits. This article reviews the evidence from various studies of C. minuta interventions using animal models for managing metabolic diseases, such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 2 diabetes, characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis and disruption of host metabolism. Notably, more studies have presented the complex interaction between C. minuta and host metabolism when it comes to metabolic health. Therefore, C. minuta could be a potential candidate for innovative microbiome-based biotherapy via fecal microbiota transplantation or oral administration. However, the detailed underlying mechanism of action requires further investigation.

Estimating potential global sources and secondary spread of freshwater invasions under historical and future climates

AbstractAimWe employed a climate‐matching method to evaluate potential source regions of freshwater invasive species to an introduced region and their potential secondary spread under historical and future climates.LocationGlobal source regions, with primary introductions to the Laurentian Great Lakes and secondary introductions throughout North America.MethodsWe conducted a climate‐match analysis using the CLIMATE algorithm to estimate global source freshwater ecoregions under historical and future climates with an ensemble of global climate models for climate‐change scenario SSP5‐8.5. Given existing research, we use a climate match of ≥71.7% between ecoregions to indicate climatic conditions that will not inhibit the survival of introduced freshwater organisms. Further, we estimate the secondary spread of freshwater invaders to the ecoregions of North America under historical and future climates.ResultsWe identified 54 global freshwater ecoregions with a climate match ≥71.7% to the recipient Laurentian Great Lakes under historical climatic conditions, and 11 additional ecoregions were predicted to exceed the threshold under climate change. Three of the 11 ecoregions were located in South America, a continent where no matches existed under historical climates and eight were located in the southern United States, southern Europe, Japan and New Zealand. Further, we identify 34 North American ecoregions of potential secondary spread of freshwater invasions from the Great Lakes under historical climatic conditions, and five ecoregions were predicted to exceed the threshold under climate change.Main ConclusionWe provide a climate‐match method that can be employed to assess the sources and spread of freshwater invasions under historical and future climate scenarios. Our climate‐match method predicted increases in climate match between the recipient region and several potential source regions, and changes in areas of potential spread under climate change. The identified ecoregions are candidates for detailed biosecurity risk assessments and related management actions.

An oral cancer vaccine using Bifidobacterium vector augments combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in mouse renal cell carcinoma model

Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) based combination therapies, including anti-PD-1 antibody, nivolumab with anti-CTLA-4 antibody, and ipilimumab have become the primary treatment option for metastatic or unresectable renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, despite the combination of two ICIs, 60–70% of patients are still resistant to first-line cancer immunotherapy. In the present study, undertook combination immunotherapy for RCC using an oral cancer vaccine (Bifidobacterium longum displaying WT1 tumor associated antigen (B. longum 420)) with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in a mouse syngeneic model of RCC to explore possible synergistic effects. We found that B. longum 420 significantly improved the survival of mice bearing RCC tumors treated by anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies compared to the mice treated by the antibodies alone. This result suggests that B. longum 420 oral cancer vaccine as an adjunct to ICIs could provide a novel treatment option for RCC patients. Our microbiome analysis revealed that the proportion of Lactobacilli was significantly increased by B. longum 420. Although the detailed mechanism of action is unknown, it is possible that microbiome alteration by B. longum 420 enhances the efficacy of the ICIs.

Phytochemical profile, nutritional composition, and therapeutic potentials of chia seeds: A concise review

Chia (Salvia hispanica) seeds are oilseeds, often known as pseudo-cereals, which contain a variety of nutrients, including macro and micronutrients, as well as health aids; consequently, they could be classified as a nutraceuticals food. The seeds are a wonderful source of phenolic compounds like rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acids, quercetin, and myricetin. According to studies, chia seeds have a high nutritious content of protein (18–24%), fiber (30–34%), and a variety of fatty acids. Chia seeds also have a variety of minerals and vitamins and shown to have beneficial effects in the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia, as well as acting as an antioxidant, anti-anxiety, laxative, anti-depressant, analgesic, and strengthen the immune system. Due to its presence of minerals, lipids (omega-3), fibers, proteins, and antioxidants in chia seed and its health benefits, it has now grabbed the attention of many food industries and educators. The present review article highlights the nutritional composition, phytochemical profile, and therapeutic potentials like cardio-protective, diabetes-controlling, immune boosting, and antioxidant action in detail.

Research Trends in C-Terminal Domain Nuclear Envelope Phosphatase 1.

C-terminal domain nuclear envelope phosphatase 1 (CTDNEP1, formerly Dullard) is a member of the newly emerging protein phosphatases and has been recognized in neuronal cell tissues in amphibians. It contains the phosphatase domain in the C-terminal, and the sequences are conserved in various taxa of organisms. CTDNEP1 has several roles in novel biological activities such as neural tube development in embryos, nuclear membrane biogenesis, regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling, and suppression of aggressive medulloblastoma. The three-dimensional structure of CTDNEP1 and the detailed action mechanisms of CTDNEP1's functions have yet to be determined for several reasons. Therefore, CTDNEP1 is a protein phosphatase of interest due to recent exciting and essential works. In this short review, we summarize the presented biological roles, possible substrates, interacting proteins, and research prospects of CTDNEP1.

Health outcomes of the G7 Hiroshima Summit: breaking the cycle of panic and neglect and achieving UHC

Health outcomes of the G7 Hiroshima Summit: breaking the cycle of panic and neglect and achieving UHC

Working beyond health: roles of global health security agenda, experiences of Thailand’s chairmanship amidst of the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) aims to achieve the vision of a world safe and secure from global health threats posed by infectious diseases through advancing a multi-sectoral approach. Thailand played a prominent role as the Chair of the GHSA Steering Group in 2021, guided by the Chair’s Declaration approved by the Cabinet of Thailand in 2020. In 2021, country efforts were needed to attain the right balance between preparing for future pandemics while responding to COVID-19. This paper details actions and achievements with respect to preparedness and enhancing country’s capacities recommended by the GHSA 2021, which include, among others, garnering high-level support, developing, utilisation of global health security tools, and advocating for sustainable financing. With the continued coordination and collaboration of the Action Packages and translating the Strategic Communications Plan into operation, the GHSA 2024 Target (of measured improvement of health security capacities according to the relevant health security assessments in more than 100 countries) is expected to be achieved by 2024. The unique roles and contributions of the diverse multi-sectoral partners are needed to bridge the gaps and better prepare the world to cope for future pandemics. GHSA not only promotes global preparedness and response, but also complements national preparedness and response. With Thailand’s experience, the GHSA mechanism has been continuously supporting GHSA subnational level activities in border areas. The main outcome of these discussions was the sub-national strategic plan with a multi-sectoral approach to detection, preparation and response.

ORGANIZATION OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN CHOREOGRAPHIC ART

The article is devoted to the issues of training future choreographic art specialists, in particular, the organization of project activities in institutions of higher education. The purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities of organizing project activities in the professional training of future choreographic art specialists. The article reveals the essence of the concepts "project method", "project technologies", also defines the types of projects according to the dominant type of activity of students, as well as according to the duration of the projects. Based on the analysis of the scientific and pedagogical literature, the pedagogical conditions for the application of project activities in the training of future choreographic art specialists are summarized. The characteristic features of the project activity of choreographic art specialists are presented. The peculiarities of the organization of project activities in the professional training of future choreographic art specialists have been determined: the presence of an actual problem that requires a solution and is significant for the future activity of choreographic art specialists; the beneficiaries' awareness of the project's goals and expected result; clear definition of the planning of specific actions of the participant (participants); taking into account the main feature of project activity, which requires research work of future choreographic art specialists; wide use of modern digital services, multimedia, information and communication technologies to solve tasks; the final stage should include a real product and its presentation, regardless of the type of a project. The organization of project activities in the training of future choreographic art specialists in China includes the following stages: 1. Definition of a clear goal and tasks of the project. 2. Selection of the project team for the successful implementation of the project. 3. Project planning. After formulating the goal and selecting the project team, it is necessary to develop a detailed action plan taking into account the terms of work, project costs, distribution of responsibilities among team members, etc. 4. Implementation of the project. 5. Evaluation of project results. After the completion of the project, it is necessary to analyze the results and determine the level of achievement of the set goal and tasks.

Effect of arginine-induced motility and capacitation on RNA population in goat spermatozoa.

In vitro capacitation is essential in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for embryo production. Recently, arginine has been proven to enhance capacitation in mammalian spermatozoa. However, the detailed mechanism of action of arginine remains elusive. This study investigated the effect of arginine-induced capacitation and motility enhancement on the spermatozoal RNA (spRNA) population in goats. Goat spermatozoa were treated with arginine for up to six hours and compared with non-treated or PHE (penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine)-treated spermatozoa at different intervals (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours). Sperm parameters, including viability, individual motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, and ROS production, were evaluated. The spRNA population was analyzed by short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The percentage of capacitated (73.21 ± 4.22%) and acrosome reacted (18.35 ± 0.56%) spermatozoa was highest in arginine treatment, while PHE treatment showed the highest percentage (79.82 ± 4.31%) of motile spermatozoa from 0 to 4 hours of incubation. RNA-seq analysis identified 1,321 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in arginine-treated spermatozoa compared to the control. The PGK2, RNASE10, ODF1, and ROPN1L genes involved in sperm motility and ACR, DKKL1, KCNJ11, and PRND genes involved in the capacitation process were upregulated in arginine-treated spermatozoa. The DEGs regulate sperm capacitation-related cAMP-PKA, PI3-Akt, calcium, and MAPK signaling pathways. The arginine-induced capacitation and enhanced sperm motility were associated with the upregulation of several genes involved in sperm motility and capacitation pathways. The comparative study also suggests that arginine may be used in lieu of PHE for motility enhancement and in vitro capacitation of goat spermatozoa.

Effects of Adriamycin-Cytoxan chemotherapy on hematological and electrolyte parameters among breast cancer patients.

Adriamycin-Cytoxan (AC) is a common chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer (BC) patients. Its electrolyte and hematological adverse effects have not been addressed adequately. This study aimed to assess the effect of AC on hematological and electrolyte parameters among BC patients. A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted from March to November 2022. Randomly selected AC-treated (n=100) and untreated (n=100) patients were included. Structured questionnaire and medical records were used to collect sociodemographic data. Anthropometric parameters, hematological indices, and serum electrolytes were measured. Cobas Integra 400+and SYSMEX-XT-4000i were used to analyze serum electrolytes and hematological indices respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Independent t-test and chi-square test were used. p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. AC-treated patients' mean total white blood cell (TWBC), neutrophil (NE), lymphocyte (LY), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (HCT), and sodium(Na+) values were significantly reduced (p<0.05) than patients with no treatment. However, mean eosinophils (EO), platelet (PLT) counts, red cell distribution-width (RDW), potassium (K+), and plateletcrit (PCT values were significantly increased (p<0.05). The majority of blood cells and serum sodium were affected by AC treatment. Incorporating these parameters in the routine analysis and further studies on the detailed mechanism of action of this drug is required.

Clean Technology and Food Waste Reduction in On-Site Foodservice Management Companies

On-site foodservice management companies serve many people and have been dealing with severe food waste problems. Thus, many companies adopted clean technology to reduce food waste. This study aims to provide a meaningful understanding of the role of clean technology in food waste reduction goal setting and achievement in these companies. Through 16 expert interviews, this study found that clean technology adoption can make organizational food waste reduction goals more specific by its ability to measure and quantify: specified goals lower psychological distance (temporal, hypothetical, social). When objectives are understood at a concrete (vs. abstract) level, management can better develop detailed action plans and motivate employees to be part of them. However, employees may fear that clean technology can be used as a penalizing mechanism. Therefore, inner-organizational collaboration is critical to achieving sustainability goals and offsetting the double-sided nature of clean technology.