Detached House Research Articles

Living Conditions in Public Spaces inside Detached Houses Built by the H.U.D.C

Living Conditions in Public Spaces inside Detached Houses Built by the H.U.D.C

Living Conditions in Public Spaces inside Detached Houses Built by the Housing and Urban Development Corporation

Living Conditions in Public Spaces inside Detached Houses Built by the Housing and Urban Development Corporation

Research and Development of Vibration Control Device Suitable for Detached Houses by Using Displacement Amplification Mechanism (Fundamental Characteristic and Vibration Control Performance of Pipe-Type-Damper)

The detached houses, in general, have the first natural frequencies in relatively higher range, and their structural deflection is small even though their response acceleration is high. Therefore, the deformation transmitted to damper becomes small, and the dampers have to be designed to obtain a desirable performance against such small amplitude vibrations. For this reason, the new type of damper having the displacement amplification mechanism was developed to solve this problem in this study (“pipe-type-damper”). This paper reports on the results obtained from experiments and analysis of a detached house model using the dampers. In the experiments, the trial damper of 10kN capacity was made, and the experiments were performed to investigate the fundamental characteristics of the pipe-type-damper. As a result, the properties of the pipe-type-damper were expressed by the fractional derivative 3-element model, its restoring force was proportional to the second power of amplification factor by the amplification mechanism. Analytical results obtained by considering the characteristics of damper showed that the pipe-type-damper had good vibration control performance.

変位増幅機構を用いた戸建住宅用制振装置の研究開発 : 予張力型ダンパーの動的加力実験と交通振動実験(機械力学,計測,自動制御)

変位増幅機構を用いた戸建住宅用制振装置の研究開発 : 予張力型ダンパーの動的加力実験と交通振動実験(機械力学,計測,自動制御)

変位増幅機構を用いた戸建住宅用制振装置に関する研究開発 : 鉄骨建屋モデルを用いた交通振動実験(機械力学,計測,自動制御)

変位増幅機構を用いた戸建住宅用制振装置に関する研究開発 : 鉄骨建屋モデルを用いた交通振動実験(機械力学,計測,自動制御)

Research and Development of Vibration Control Device Suitable for Detached Houses by Using Displacement Amplification Mechanism (Fundamental Characteristic and Vibration Control Performance of Pipe-Type-Damper)

The detached houses have the first natural frequencies in higher range, and their structural deflection is small even though their response acceleration is high. Therefore, the deformation transmitted to damper becomes small, and the dampers have to be designed to obtain a desirable performance against such small amplitude vibrations. For this reason, the new type of damper having the amplification mechanism was developed to solve this problem in this study (“pipe-type-damper”). This paper reports on the results obtained from experiments and analysis of a detached house model using dampers. In the experiments, the trial damper of Itf capacity was made, and the experiments were performed to investigate the fundamental characteristics of pipe-type-damper. As a result, the properties of pipe-type-damper were expressed by the non-linear-4-element model, its restoring force was proportional to the second power of amplification factor by the amplification mechanism. Analytical results obtained by considering the characteristics of damper showed that the pipe-type-damper had good vibration control performance.

A study on the characteristics of the Development and the Population of the Planned Detached Houses Areas in Daegu City, korea

韓国の大都市の住居系市街地の多くは、戸建て住宅地が中心になっており、良好な基盤施設や建物を維持している所が多いにも関わらず、開発履歴による住宅の老朽化や陳腐化、居住者の人口の減少や高齢化などの様々な理由に伴う住宅の個別建替えや改築などの更新が行われており、様々な問題が発生している。そこで本研究では、韓国の大邱市の住居系市街地の戸建て住宅地を対象に比較検討行い、各々の住居系市街地の地域特性や居住者特性から直面する問題や課題を整理し、邱市の住居系市街地の居住環境の変化等の問題に対する今後の方策を検討するための知見を得ることを目的とする。計画的戸建て住宅地の地域の開発特性や人口特性を見た結果、開発時期や立地条件が同じであるにも関わらず、人口・世帯特性が異なっていることが分かった。計画的戸建て住宅地の地域の開発特性や住宅老朽化、高齢化や人口・世帯の増減により、空き家や無秩序な更新からの住宅地の維持・管理や人口・世帯構成の変化によるコミュ二ティの変化などが予想されており、各々の地域の居住環境の悪化や変質にも影響を及ぼしていると考えられる。

A study on the characteristics of the Development and the Population of the Planned Detached Houses Areas in Daegu City, korea

韓国の大都市の住居系市街地の多くは、戸建て住宅地が中心になっており、良好な基盤施設や建物を維持している所が多いにも関わらず、開発履歴による住宅の老朽化や陳腐化、居住者の人口の減少や高齢化などの様々な理由に伴う住宅の個別建替えや改築などの更新が行われており、様々な問題が発生している。そこで本研究では、韓国の大邱市の住居系市街地の戸建て住宅地を対象に比較検討行い、各々の住居系市街地の地域特性や居住者特性から直面する問題や課題を整理し、邱市の住居系市街地の居住環境の変化等の問題に対する今後の方策を検討するための知見を得ることを目的とする。計画的戸建て住宅地の地域の開発特性や人口特性を見た結果、開発時期や立地条件が同じであるにも関わらず、人口・世帯特性が異なっていることが分かった。計画的戸建て住宅地の地域の開発特性や住宅老朽化、高齢化や人口・世帯の増減により、空き家や無秩序な更新からの住宅地の維持・管理や人口・世帯構成の変化によるコミュ二ティの変化などが予想されており、各々の地域の居住環境の悪化や変質にも影響を及ぼしていると考えられる。

A Study of Effect on Degree of Satisfaction by Housing Dimension and Housing Improvement at Suburb Detached House Area in Kanagawa Prefecture

A Study of Effect on Degree of Satisfaction by Housing Dimension and Housing Improvement at Suburb Detached House Area in Kanagawa Prefecture

Shape Study on a Green Roof Integrated Photovoltaic System for Bi–objective Optimization of Investment Value and CO2 Emission

A simulation methodology has been proposed for evaluating the performance of CO2 Emission (CE) and Investment Value (IV) of the shape of the Green Roof Integrated Photovoltaic System (GRIPVS) of a Wooden Detached House (WDH) using Genetic Algorithm (GA). CE and IV, acting as evaluation indices were studied in this paper. It is an analytical comparative study of searching for an efficient GRIPVS by maximizing IV and minimizing CE simultaneously. Considering the influence of the climate condition on the amount of electric power generation of PVS, three typical locations in Japan are taken into account: Sapporo, Tokyo and Naha. The GRIPVS was treated as a bi–objective problem of combinational optimization. Through numerical GRIPVS' representation evaluated by GA, the optimal Pareto curve of each location is found. Feasible solutions illustrated that: GRIPVSs with a larger southern roof area and fully covered with PVS perform the best concerning IV than others, and the pitches of GRIPVSs in the given locations should be less than their local optimal solar absorption pitches. To minimize CE, GRIPVSs with larger roof pitches for enlarging the PVS installation area to generate more electric power and larger greening area to absorb more CO2 are needed.

低コスト・小型地震計の性能確認と戸建て住宅の地震時挙動観測への適用

低コスト・小型地震計の性能確認と戸建て住宅の地震時挙動観測への適用

Indoor Climate Conditions and Ventilation Performance in Estonian Lightweight Detached Houses

Field measurements of the indoor climate and ventilation performance have been carried out in 28 lightweight timber-frame detached houses occupied by single families during the years 2003-05 in Estonia. The temperature and relative humidity (RH) were continuously measured in bedrooms, living rooms and outdoors for each house at 1-h intervals over a 1-year period. The air change rates were calculated on the basis of the measured exhaust air flows. An extended period of high indoor temperatures during summer suggests that thermal comfort was not considered in the original design. During winter, large variations in temperature showed that problems existed with temperature control systems. During summer, only 13% and during winter, 45% of the rooms met the standard recommendations (with 5% excess) for temperatures in the lowest indoor climate category. This correspondence to standard recommendations was highest for the houses with balanced ventilation. The average ventilation air change rate at the level used by the occupants with a mechanical ventilation system was 0.41ach (13.3L·s−1 per person and 0.28L·s−1·m−2). The performance of the ventilation had a significant influence on the average daily amplitude of the indoor temperature and humidity. According to a questionnaire, noise was associated with mechanical ventilation and stuffy air with natural ventilation. Fluctuating room temperature, cold floors and draught from electric sockets during winter were related to houses with air leakage of the building envelope 3m3·h−1·−2) at 50Pa.

Evaluation Research on the Introduction Effect for Various Energy Supply Systems for Detached Houses

In this paper, seven cases with three different options for energy provision, PV, co-generation and all-electrified system, have been assumed for a detached house. In order to obtain an energy-saving effect, a new theory concerning the determination of running schedule for the co-generation system has been presented. On this basis, the outcomes for various options have been evaluated regarding the energy-saving, environmental and economic effects. The results can be summarized as follows:(1) A function relationship between the heat-to-power ratio and energy saving has been proposed. Moreover, expressions to calculate the minimum thermal utilization efficiency and the electric generating efficiency for the track electricity and track thermal operation modes also have been derived.(2) Energy supply systems using PV can achieve excellent effects considering each evaluating index. However, because of the high initial cost, the payback period is longer than for other systems, at more than 9 years.(3) The co-generation system can achieve energy-saving and environmental effects. In addition, with the remarkably low running cost, its payback period is less than 4 years. (4) The energy saving and environmental effect of the all-electrified energy supply system depends on the COP/efficiency performance of electricity consumption equipment. However, the economic effect is excellent compared with the reference system.

北海道における住宅用ガラス被覆付設空間に関する調査 : 濃霧発生地域におけるサンルーム付き住宅の有効性について(環境工学)

北海道における住宅用ガラス被覆付設空間に関する調査 : 濃霧発生地域におけるサンルーム付き住宅の有効性について(環境工学)

戸建住宅居住者と建築工事業者との継続関係の実態 : 郊外住宅地における住宅管理の方策に関する研究

戸建住宅居住者と建築工事業者との継続関係の実態 : 郊外住宅地における住宅管理の方策に関する研究

Indoor Humidity Loads and Moisture Production in Lightweight Timber-frame Detached Houses

In this study, the indoor humidity loads in 101 lightweight timber-frame detached houses occupied by single families have been measured and analyzed. The temperature and relative humidity (RH) are measured at one-hour intervals over one-period in bedrooms, living rooms, and outdoors. Ventilation rates are measured with a passive tracer gas technique. Based on temperature and RH measurements, the difference between indoor and outdoor air absolute humidity is calculated. For hygrothermal design, the maximum moisture supply at the 10% critical level in the houses with low occupancy is +4 g/m3 during the cold period (Tout≤+5°C) and +1.5 g/m3 during the warm period (Tout≥+15°C). Between these outdoor temperature values the moisture supply changed linearly. Different moisture supply levels and their dependence on outdoor temperature are given. An average moisture supply and moisture production values are calculated for the use of indoor climate simulations. A moisture supply design curve is given for the humidification case with a set point of 25% indoor RH.

Study of the Roof Shape of a Wooden Detached House for Minimization of LCCO2 Emission by Genetic Algorithm

abstractA simulation methodology has been proposed for evaluating the performance of LCCO2 emission of the roof shape of a Wooden Detached House (WDH) using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Annual LCCO2 emission acting as an evaluation index was studied in this paper. The geometrical shape of a roof located in Tokyo is simulated by a Béier surface. Two types of roofs are considered in this paper: the Tiled roof shape (TRS) and the Green roof shape (GRS). Two kinds of boundary condition, which are fixed corners with free boundaries and fixed boundaries, are taken into account for both TRS and GRS. Through numerical roof shape representation evaluated by GA, we conclude that: 1) A flattened TRS is more efficient in minimizing LCCO2 emission; 2) Dome-shaped GRS with a larger surface area and fully covered with green lawn performs the best in LCCO2 emission minimization; 3) CO2 absorption by green lawn has a significant effect in minimizing total LCCO2 emission from the roof of WDH, and even LCCO2 emission with a value below zero may occur when green lawn is laid out on a rooftop.

郊外戸建住宅地の居住者変化と住宅継承に関する研究 : 横浜市青葉区の建売分譲住宅地の一事例から

郊外戸建住宅地の居住者変化と住宅継承に関する研究 : 横浜市青葉区の建売分譲住宅地の一事例から

戸建住宅における建替えと比較されうるリフォームの特徴 : 長寿命化を目的とした戸建住宅のリフォーム手法に関する研究

戸建住宅における建替えと比較されうるリフォームの特徴 : 長寿命化を目的とした戸建住宅のリフォーム手法に関する研究

The Aspect of Residents′ Evaluation and Community Forming in Planned Detached Housing Areas

The main objective of this paper is to understand the aspect of residents′ community forming in planned detached housing areas, and then is to acquire a method for community planning based on characteristics of a housing area and its residents′ predisposition. For this purpose, an evaluation from the view of residents′ affection was employed. From the residents′ evaluation results and the evaluation structure of affection, the aspect that residents are forming community was clarified. Consequently, it was found that residents′ predisposition about neighbor relations influences the community forming, and some performance criteria and physical elements should be considered as important factors to community planning in planned detached housing areas.