Desulfurization Process Research Articles

Numerical Study on the Intensification of 3D Fluidized Bed Flue Gas Desulfurization Process by Multi‐Jet Structure

Numerical Study on the Intensification of 3D Fluidized Bed Flue Gas Desulfurization Process by Multi‐Jet Structure

A Study on the Effect of Ladle Structures and Stirrer Positions on the Internal Flow Field in the Hot Metal Desulfurization Process

A Study on the Effect of Ladle Structures and Stirrer Positions on the Internal Flow Field in the Hot Metal Desulfurization Process

Extractive oxidative desulfurization process in a novel magnetically oscillatory fluidized bed reactor over Mn-Promoted MoO3-Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites

Extractive oxidative desulfurization process in a novel magnetically oscillatory fluidized bed reactor over Mn-Promoted MoO3-Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites

Numerical, Physical, and Industrial Investigations on Hot Metal Desulphurization-From Macromixing Conditions to Reaction Rate Phenomena.

The efficiency of the hot metal pretreatment process plays a very important role in achieving high-quality and low-cost advanced steel. From macromixing phenomena obtained by numerical modeling and physical experiments to compound interaction databases from industry trials, the Authors compared fundamental relationships from the literature with their own laboratory results and plant data. A simple numerical model based on the LES turbulence approach was well-validated by water modeling. Hence for a 300-ton ladle, the mixing time and mixing power were predicted. Finally, the mass transfer controlled rate was calculated based on a computational fluid dynamics model and thermodynamic model, which indicated results limitations. Moreover, from the industry data, it was found that the rate constant of the desulfurization process varies within a wide range, affecting the efficiency of the sulphur removal degree from values 0.6 to 0.98.

Theoretical insights into H2S desulfurization: Catalysis by binuclear cobalt phthalocyanine

The desulfurization process of H2S catalyzed by binuclear cobalt phthalocyanine (bi-CoPc) has been explored theoretically. With the support of density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the desulfurization mechanism consists of active species and sulfur chain growing. Firstly, the active species has been identified, where the specific electron transfer occurs from HS−, traverses through the phthalocyanine ring, and culminates at O2. This process leads to the formation of Co(I)-Co(I) complexes. Secondly, the sulfur chain growing to S2 on bi-CoPc and detaching in the form of S22− have been considered as the optimal path. Furthermore, a feasible and efficient bi-CoPc-based catalysts with larger π-conjugated system (naphthyl or anthracyl) has been proposed, seem to positively impact electron storage capacity and desulfurization efficiency.

Evaluation of multi–hydrogen production for Afyon biogas plant from excess methane and by–product hydrogen sulfide through desulfurization process

This study presents a detailed computational simulation of a hybrid hydrogen production system that integrates steam methane reforming (SMR) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) electrolysis, coupled with waste heat recovery, at the Afyon Biogas Power Plant (ABP). The plant operates with a capacity of 4000 kW and an exhaust gas temperature of approximately 767 K, converting 55 % of the biogas to energy, constrained by the limitations of both the turbine and biogas plant operations. Despite these constraints, a methane yield of up to 75 % from biomass is achievable. The surplus methane is converted into blue hydrogen via SMR, while H₂S, a byproduct of biogas production, undergoes electrolysis to generate green hydrogen. Additionally, gray hydrogen is separated and stored during the biogas production process. The system achieves a hydrogen production rate of 0.061 kg/s through optimization, comprising 91.4 % blue hydrogen, 8.18 % gray hydrogen, and 0.41 % green hydrogen. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the primary system are calculated to be 26.23 % and 22.99 %, respectively. The integration of waste heat recovery enhances these efficiencies to 76.21 % and 42.96 %. A techno-economic analysis indicates that the cost of electricity is 0.04644 $/kWh, while the average hydrogen production cost is 2.05 $/kg. The total investment cost (TIC) amounts to 21,177,230 $, with an estimated annual revenue of 4,702,000 $, yielding a payback period of 4.405 years. This study demonstrates the efficiency and economic feasibility of hydrogen production from waste products at the biogas plant, underscoring the viability of the proposed investment.

The estimation of desulphurization property of boron-containing slags of the reduction period of the AOD process

Now the main industrial method for producing stainless steel is smelting in an argon-oxygen decarburization (AOD) furnace, therefore the paper presents the results of thermodynamic modeling of the desulfurization process of low-carbon semi-finished stainless steel during the reduction period of AOD process by treating it with boron-containing slags. The use of boron oxide as a fluxing material instead of fluorspar reduces the environmental harm and decrease the viscosity of the formed slags. Using the simplex lattice method of experiment planning, a matrix was constructed containing 16 compositions of the oxide system СаО–SiO2–(3-6%)В2О3–12%Cr2O3–3%Al2O3–8%MgO with variable basicity of 1.0–2.5. Based on the generalization of the thermodynamic modeling results, approximating mathematical models in the form of a reduced third-degree polynomial were constructed. The adequacy of the models is verified by three control points not included in the experimental design matrix using the t-criterion at a significance level of 0.01. The results of mathematical modeling are presented graphically in the form of diagrams of the dependence of the equilibrium sulfur distribution on the slag composition at temperatures of 1600 and 1700°C. The constructed diagrams made it possible to quantitatively estimate the effect of temperature, basicity and boron oxide content on the equilibrium interphase distribution coefficient of sulfur. It is found that an increase in slag basicity from 1.0 to 2.5 in the considered range of boron oxide content (3.0–6.0%) improves the metal desulfurization process, ensuring an increase in the equilibrium interphase distribution coefficient of sulfur from 0.1 to 5.0–7.0 at temperatures of 1700 and 1600°C. It’s shown that the process of metal desulfurization in slags with low basicity of 1.05–1.15 is accompanied by a slight decrease in the sulfur content in the metal. At the same time, the concentration of boron oxide has virtually no negative effect on the process of metal desulfurization. Slags with increased basicity up to 2.0–2.5 have more favorable refining properties. The sulfur concentration in the metal during their formation decreases from 0.015 to 0.007–0.008%.

Innovative research on one-step regeneration and reduction of saturated desulfurization coke: Reactivating desulfurization performance and sulfur recovery

Current advancements in flue gas desulfurization have highlighted the efficacy of activated coke (AC) as an SO2 adsorbent, leveraging sulfur resources. Despite its success, challenges such as lengthy processing and logistics for sulfuric acid storage and transport limit its widespread use. This research explores an innovative approach: powder saturated AC (SAC) achieves rapid temperature rise and one-step regeneration coupled reduction in a drop-tube reactor. Findings reveal that SAC undergoes primary regeneration at 450–650 ℃, converting adsorbed sulfur compounds into gaseous SO2. However, issues like incomplete active site recovery and surface oxidation reduce the re-adsorption capacity of regenerated AC. At 750–950 ℃, a concurrent regeneration and reduction phase converts desorbed SO2 into elemental sulfur. Carbothermal reduction during this phase enhances microporous structure development, lowers oxygen content, increases edge defects, promotes sulfur doping, and boosts SO2 re-adsorption efficiency. This study provides practical insights and a conceptual framework to refine desulfurization processes and optimize resultant products.

Electrochemical Removal of Biogas Impurities with Absorption

Introduction As climate changes are becoming an increasingly important topic worldwide, alternatives to fossil fuels are continuously being developed.While the market for green power sources, such as wind, hydro, nuclear and solar will continue to grow in the future, there will be a market for hydrocarbon based fuels for use in areas such as heating and fuel production for many years to come.Biogas offers an alternative to traditional fossil hydrocarbon fuels and biogas sector is expected to grow rapidly over the next decades. Biogas is produced by anaerobic fermentation of biological material (typically waste products). In Denmark the biogas market is growing rapidily. Currently, approximately 40% of the gas in the natural gas grid is biomethane, which is produced from upgrading biogas. The goal of the Danish government is to have only biomethane in the natural gas grid in 2030.Raw biogas consists mainly of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), but also contains several impurities, such as H2S, mercaptans, ketones and terpenes. Most abundant among these impurities is hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which can be found in concentrations between 100-10000 parts per million (ppm). Other impurities in the biogas can generally be found in concentrations between a few ppm and several 100 ppm. It is important to remove impurities from the biogas, since they may be corrosive, poisonous and might destroy catalysts used in further treatment of the gas. Additionally, upgrading biogas to biomethane requires the removal of more than 99% of sulfur components from the gas.Several technologies for cleaning of biogas currently exists, but they typically focus purely on H2S and are generally fairly expensive. Furthermore the current technologies are not able to quickly adapt to changes in impurity concentration, which is an issue, since the concentration of impurities may vary several 1000 ppm may be seen when the feed biomass is changed. Process A new desulfurization process for biogas cleaning has been developed at The Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The process consumes no chemicals and uses only electricity to oxidise and remove H2S from biogas.The process is an electrochemical absorption process. In an absorber column chlorine is utilized to oxidise impurities and thereby remove them from the gas phase. At the same time the chlorine is reduced to chloride ions. The solvent from the absorber is then pumped into an electrochemical cell where a current is applied to regenerate the chlorine at the anode. At the same time hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode of the electrochemical cell. In this way, no chemicals are consumed by the process, since the chlorine can be continuously reused by supplying power to the electrochemical cell. Results The electrochemical absorption process has several advantages compared to conventional biogas desulfurization technologies. First of all the process is highly adaptable, since the applied current can be adjusted to match the incoming level of impurity in the biogas. The process has proven capable of removing H2S to undetectable levels on both a laboratory and pilot scale. Additionally, the desulfurization process was shown to remove the vast majority of sulphur compounds form biogas. The process removes the impurities without adding oxygen to the biogas, which would prevent it from being injected to the natural gas grid. The cost of the process seems to be competitive with currently used desulfurization procceses.Including H2S, the process removed 99.96% of sulphur from the biogas. Additionally, 94.77% of the VOC were removed from the biogas. After the cleaning process, the biogas lives up to Danish regulations and can be injected into the natural gas grid (after removal of CO2).

Condensable Particulate Matter Removal and Its Mechanism by Phase Change Technology During Wet Desulfurization Process

Limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) played a key role in SOx removal and clean emissions. However, it would also affect the condensable particulate matter (CPM) removal and compositions. The effects of the WFGD system on the removal of CPM and the contents of soluble ions in CPM were investigated in a spray desulfurization tower at varied conditions. The results indicate that the emission concentration of CPM decreased from 7.5 mg/Nm3 to 3.7 mg/Nm3 following the introduction of cold water spray and hot alkali droplet spray systems. This resulted in a CPM reduction rate of approximately 51%, reducing the percentage of CPM in total particulate matter and solving the problem of substandard particulate matter emission concentrations in some coal-fired power plants. The concentrations of NO3−, SO42−, and Cl− among the soluble ions decreased by 41–66.6%. As the liquid-to-gas ratio of the cold water spray and hot alkali droplet spray increased, CPM came into contact with more spray, which accelerated dissolution and chemical reactions. Consequently, the CPM emission concentration decreased by 17.4–19%. The liquid-to-gas ratio has a great effect on the ion concentrations of NO3−, SO42−, Cl− and NH4+, with a decrease of 28–66%. The temperatures of the cold water spray and the hot alkali droplet spray primarily affect the ionic concentrations of SO42− and Ca2+, leading to a decrease of 32.3–51%. When the SO2 concentration increased from 0 mg/Nm3 to 1500 mg/Nm3, large amounts of SO2 reacted with the desulfurization slurry to form new CPM and its precursors, the CPM emission concentration increased by 57–68.4%. This study addresses the issue of high Concentration of CPM emissions from coal-fired power plants in a straightforward and efficient manner, which is significant for enhancing the air quality and reducing hazy weather conditions. Also, it provides a theoretical basis and technical foundation for the efficient removal of CPM from actual coal-fired flue gas.

Simultaneous visualization of lipid droplets and tracking of the endogenous hypochlorous acid in psoriatic mice models with a novel fluorescent probe in a wash-free fashion

Psoriasis is an autoimmune inflammation-related disease accompanied by a variety of complications. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are modulators of inflammation, and their excessive production caused by oxidative/anti-oxidative imbalance has been observed in psoriatic patients. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a ROS produced by myeloperoxidase (MPO) from chloride ions (Cl-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Endogenous HOCl has recently been studied as a potential biomarker of psoriasis underlying the necessity for the development of efficient analytical tools for its detection and real time monitoring. Herein, we designed a novel highly sensitive and selective coumarin-based fluorescent probe for HOCl detection, named CN2-CF3-S. The probe itself featured negligible fluorescence because of the heavy atom effect of the thiocarbonyl group. However, upon responding to HOCl a conversion to sulfur-free derivative CN2-CF3-O occurs, resulting in a dramatical fluorescent enhancement setting the detection limit for HOCl of 3.2 nM. The HOCl-recognition mechanism could be ascribed to the HOCl-triggered oxidative desulfurization process that agrees with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis and density functional theory (DFT) computations. The probe’s design incorporated a synergistic combination of two structural features for efficient lipid droplets (LDs)-targeting imaging. An efficient push–pull system reinforced by the presence of two strongly electron-donating dimethylamino groups equipped CN2-CF3-O with pronounced solvatochromism realized through the enhanced blue-shifted emission in non-polar media. Meanwhile, the presence of trifluormethylphenyl moiety at the acceptor side led to an increased lipophilicity. The CN2-CF3-S probe has been successfully utilized to track the endogenous HOCl in cells and on skin of the psoriatic mice in a wash-free manner. As a result, we have demonstrated that the concentration of HOCl in skin might correlate positively with the degree of inflammation in psoriasis. Thus, CN2-CF3-S constitutes the first example of LDs-imaging fluorescent probe for detecting the psoriasis-linked HOCl, offering a convenient tool for further in-depth investigation of psoriasis pathophysiology.

Facile preparation of decavanadate-based poly (ionic liquids) for efficient aerobic oxidative desulfurization

Due to the increased concern on the environmental issues, the desulfurization process in fuel is of great importance in the recent decades. Herein, a series of decavanadate-based poly (ionic liquids) with varied substituents were successfully prepared by a facile ion exchange method, which were employed in aerobic oxidative desulfurization of aromatic sulfides. The prepared samples can achieve deep desulfurization on different aromatic sulfides under optimal reaction conditions. Additionally, the experimental results indicated that the long carbon chains in the imidazole ring could hinder the ion exchange process between decavanadate and PILs due to steric hindrance effect, resulting in the poor desulfurization activity. Finally, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed according to the results of XPS, ESR and GC–MS analysis.

Determination of the gas-liquid reaction kinetic for sulfur dioxide absorption in sodium chlorite aqueous solutions

This study is part of the research activities devoted to the development of new gas-cleaning technologies required to minimize the emissions factors of sulfur compounds in chemical industries and power plants. Among flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes, wet scrubbing with oxidizing chemicals, e.g. sodium chlorite (NaClO2) has appeared as a viable option for different applications. The present work aims to study the absorption kinetics of the gas-liquid reaction between sulfur dioxide (SO2) and NaClO2, in a lab-scale falling-film absorber, investigating the effects of the main process parameters: liquid and gas flow rates, SO2 gas-phase concentration, NaClO2 liquid-phase concentration, solution pH and process temperature. The experimental activity aims to determine the Enhancement Factor (EL) to develop a kinetic model for reactive absorption. To this end, kinetic parameters are calculated from experiments using the Danckwerts equation for a pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic, determining a maximum prediction error of ±20% compared to the experimental data. Experimental data available in the literature on pilot-scale oxidative FGD scrubbers using chlorite are used to test the validity and robustness of the kinetic model. The kinetic model is able to predict the data with good accuracy within a prediction error range of ±30%.

Atmospheric SO2 pollutant prediction using mutual information based TCNN-GRU model for flue gas desulfurization process

Over the past several years, sulfur dioxide (SO2) has raised growing concern in China owing to its adverse impact on atmosphere and human respiratory system. The major contributor to SO2 emissions is flue gas generated by fossil-fired electricity-generating plants, and as a consequence diverse flue gas desulphurization (FGD) techniques are installed to abate SO2 emissions. However, the FGD is a dynamic process with serious nonlinearity and large time delay, making the FGD process modeling problem a formidable one. In our research study, a novel hybrid deep learning model with temporal convolution neural network (TCNN), gated recurrent unit (GRU) and mutual information (MI) technique is proposed to predict SO2 emissions in an FGD process. Among those technique, MI is applied to select variables that are best suited for SO2 emission prediction, while TCNN and GRU are innovatively integrated to capture dynamics of SO2 emission in the FGD process. A real FGD system in a power plant with a coal-fired unit of 1000 MW is used as a study case for SO2 emission prediction. Experimental results show that the proposed approach offers satisfactory performance in predicting SO2 emissions for the FGD process, and outperforms other contrastive predictive methods in terms of different performance indicators.

Ultra-thin C/Si Shell Pieces as Amphiphilic Janus Materials for Efficient Oxidation Desulfurization.

Constructing favorable morphology is considered to be an effective strategy to enhance the amphiphilic performance of materials. The directional alignment of ultra-thin lamellar materials significantly facilitates utilization of active sites at the bi-phase interface. Herein, an ultra-thin amphiphilic C/Si shell pieces Janus material (d = 10.4nm) prepared by graphene oxide and SiO2 is reported. The outer SiO2 layer is associated with hydrophilicity, while the inner C layer exhibits hydrophobicity. A Pickering emulsion interface catalyst for fuel oil oxidative desulfurization is constructed by impregnating an amino-modified C/Si Janus material with keggin-type HPW. The results demonstrate that amphiphilic catalyst with an ultra-thin C/Si shell pieces exhibits superior performance in terms of emulsification rate (100%) and desulfurization rate (99.62%) in the O/W emulsion formed by n-octane/acetonitrile. The catalyst demonstrates the advantages of easy recovery and regeneration, maintains a higher activity after oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process, and has higher industrial application value.

Atomistic Modeling of Natural Gas Desulfurization Process Using Task-Specific Deep Eutectic Solvents Supported by Graphene Oxide.

This study employs Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and traditional all-atom Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to reveal atomistic insights into a task-specific Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) supported by graphene oxide with the aim of mimicking its application in the natural gas desulfurization process. The DES, composed of N,N,N',N'-tetramthyl-1,6-hexane diamine acetate (TMHDAAc) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) supported by graphene oxide, demonstrates improved efficiency in removing hydrogen sulfide from methane. Optimized structure and HOMO-LUMO orbital analyses reveal the distinct spatial arrangements and interactions between hydrogen sulfide, methane, and DES components, highlighting the efficacy of the DES in facilitating the separation of hydrogen sulfide from methane through DFT calculations. The radial distribution function (RDF) and interaction energies, as determined by traditional all-atom MD simulations, provide insights into the specificity and strength of the interactions between the DES components supported by graphene oxide and hydrogen sulfide. Importantly, the stability of the DES structure supported by graphene oxide is maintained after mixing with the fuel, ensuring its robustness and suitability for prolonged desulfurization processes, as evidenced by traditional all-atom MD simulation results. These findings offer crucial insights into the molecular-level mechanisms underlying the desulfurization of natural gas, guiding the design and optimization of task-specific DESs supported by graphene oxide for sustainable and efficient natural gas purification.

Constructing frustrated Lewis pairs on Mo-doped Fe2O3 catalyst to enhance oxidative desulfurization efficiency

The emission of sulfur oxides will not only cause a series of environmental pollution but also threaten human health. At present, oxidative desulfurization is considered one of the technologies to achieve high-efficiency conversion of sulfur-containing compounds. Herein, the special frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) for efficient oxidative desulfurization are created by regulating surface doping in a redox iron-based oxide. According to experimental results, the Lewis acidic sites can be considered as the iron atoms adjacent to the molybdenum dopant, while the doped metal proximal to the oxygen vacancies serves as Lewis basic sites to create FLPs in redox iron-based oxide. This reactivity of FLPs is further adapted to the chemical activation of molecular oxygen and aromatic sulfur-containing compounds. The Fe2O3-FLP catalyst can achieve 100 % sulfur removal at 3 h and maintains 96.9 % after seven cycles, higher than other previously reported iron-based oxidative desulfurization catalysts. In addition, the design of FLPs offers a promising approach for developing high-efficiency catalysts in the oxidative desulfurization process.

Metal-based Ionic Liquids and Solid-loaded Catalysts in Fuel Oil Desulfurization: A Review

Abstract: Metal-based ionic liquids (MILs) have the advantages of designability, efficiency, stability, and regenerative cycle and can efficiently convert thiophene and its derivatives, which are important for the production of "ultra-low sulfur" oils. This paper provides an overview of the research progress of MILs in the field of fuel desulfurization, focusing on the current status of MILs and solid-loaded MILs catalysts in extractive desulfurization, oxidative desulfurization, extraction-catalyzed oxidative desulfurization, and catalytic-adsorption desulfurization processes. For MILs, the anion and cation can be altered by design so as to impart specific functions. Loading is one of the effective ways to solidify MILs, and the combination of MILs with different carriers can not only reduce the usage while ensuring the catalytic activity but also improve the reusability of the catalyst. The combination of MILs with specially structured carriers also allows solution-free adsorption and removal of oxidation products. Compared with conventional MILs, polymetallic-based ionic liquids (PMILs) exhibit ultrahigh catalytic activity and are one of the most promising materials available, but are still in their infancy in the field of fuel catalysis, and researchers are needed to enrich the gap in this field. Finally, some problems faced by various types of MILs are pointed out in order to design new functional MILs catalysts with better properties in the future and promote the further development of MILs in the field of fuel catalysis.

Prediction of Sulfur Content during Steel Refining Process Based on Machine Learning Methods

The neural network technology combining genetic algorithm is utilized to predict the sulfur content and optimize the desulfurization operation at the end of the refining process. Three types of prediction models are developed to achieve the optimal model. The prediction accuracy can be improved by the application of the deep neural network while the root means square error (RMSE) value of the optimal prediction model and the mean absolute error (MAE) value are less than 5 ppm. Moreover, the proportion of heats with prediction errors less than 5 ppm reaches 82%. Effects of dissolved oxygen contents, initial sulfur contents, carbon contents, and the amount of desulfurizer addition on the desulfurization process are considered. The optimal amount of slag addition with various initial sulfur contents is calculated. With the increase of initial sulfur content in the molten steel, the optimal amount of slag‐modified agent addition increases from about 500–750 kg.

Mechanism of microwave-assisted coal desulfurization with urea peroxide

To effectively remove organic sulfur from coal for higher resource efficiency, an innovative microwave-assisted urea peroxide for desulfurization system was designed. The experimental group with different microwave frequencies and the conventional pyrolysis control group were set up to prove the desulfurization effect of microwave in coordination with urea peroxide. The experimental results showed that under 1000 W microwave irradiation and the promotion of urea peroxide, the desulfurization efficiency can reach 67.29 %, with an increase of 38.32 % while the conventional pyrolysis is only 28.97 %. According to the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, the effectiveness of microwave coordination with urea peroxide for desulfurization is explained from macroscopic point of view. Benzylidene thiol, dibenzyl sulfide, and dibenzyl disulfide were selected as model compounds for the quantum chemical calculation. The simulation results demonstrated that the changes in the pathway energy barriers for desulfurization align with the experimental material transformations, confirming the accuracy of the simulation. The sulfur-containing bonds of mercaptans will be destroyed to form hydrogen sulfide, and the undestroyed bonds will remain in the organic matter. After being oxidized, the sulfur-containing bond will break to form a water-soluble sulfonic acid free radical. The unoxidized sulfur bonds of thioethers will be destroyed to generate unstable phenyl free radicals and free sulfur radicals. To achieve stability, phenyl free radicals can pair to form diphenylethane or combine with other radicals (such as •H). In contrast, sulfur free radicals can only react with hydrogen radicals to form hydrogen sulfide. However, the limited availability of hydrogen radicals in the system restricts the desulfurization efficiency. After oxidation by urea peroxide, the thioethers will form sulfones. The sulfur-containing bonds will be fractured and directly generate phenyl and sulfur dioxide, which reduces the dependence on hydrogen free radicals. The three-dimensional desulfurization path of microwave collaboration with urea peroxide experiment was simulated and converted to the analytical bond breaking and formation mechanism. This study proved that microwave synergizes with urea peroxide can intensify the desulfurization process. It provides a high-efficiency method for the clean and green utilization of coal, which is conducive to supporting environmentally sustainable development.