Desulfurization Of Diesel Oil Research Articles

A Review on the Methods in Diesel Desulfurization

Background: Diesel mainly consists of paraffin and thio-aromatic compounds. Sulfur present in diesel exhaust is the major challenge for oil refineries. Sulfur is an oxidizing element that discharges as acute pollutant in the environment which has adverse effects on human and on animal life. Introduction: The scope of this review paper is to discuss and to highlight the recent advancements in process of desulfurization of diesel oil to explore the less energy intensive and more economical process. Methods: Recently, different techniques are widely used for desulfurization of diesel oil to remove sulfur containing compounds from diesel. These techniques mainly involve hydrodesulfurzation, oxidative desulfurization, biodesulfurization, ionic liquid desulfurization, and adsorption desulfurization. Conclusion: Adsorptive desulfurization technique is green, less energy incentive, and more economical technique than hydro-desulfurization, oxidative desulfurization, ionic liquid desulfurization and bio desulfurization. Optimization of adsorptive desulfurization technique may yield up to 100% desulfurization of diesel oil.

Ultrasound assisted catalytic oxidative desulfurization of diesel oil using CdO nanoparticles

ABSTRACTIn this paper, sol-gel auto-combustion method is used to synthesize CdO nanoparticles. The synthesised sample is characterized for its size and structure using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. And some molecular groups containing in the nanoparticle are detected by Fourier transformer Infra Red (FT-IR). Then, the sample is used to remove the organic sulfur from hydrogenation desulfurated diesel under ultrasonic condition. The influence parameters including catalyst dosage, oxidant dosage, oxidation temperature, oxidation time and extracting times are been researched. The obtained result indicates that under the optimal condition, the desulfurization degree can be reached 72.7%.

A novel La3+–Zn2+–Al3+–MoO42− layered double hydroxides photocatalyst for the decomposition of dibenzothiophene in diesel oil

ABSTRACTA new type of photocatalyst, La3+-Zn2+-Al3+-MoO42− layered double hydroxide (LDH) (La:Zn:Al = 1:7:2), was prepared by a complexing agent-assisted homogeneous precipitation technique. The LDHs were used as catalysts for the desulfurization of diesel oil under UV irradiation. As revealed by the results, the catalyst showed superior desulfurization efficiency and recycling performance. Under UV irradiation, the desulfurization efficiency was 84% in 60 min. In La3+–Zn2+–Al3+–MoO42− LDHs, the introduction of MoO42− increased the interlayer space for promoting the adsorption of dibenzothiophene, and MoO42− might act as the active sites for the oxidation of dibenzothiophene, resulting in the high desulfurization efficiency.

Adsorptive Desulfurization of Diesel Oil by Alkynyl Carbon Materials Derived from Calcium Carbide and Polyhalohydrocarbons

Carbon-based materials are a kind of promising sorbent for the desulfurization of fuel oils, especially for polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs), and development of new sorbents is of great significance. In this paper, six alkynyl carbon materials (ACM-1 to ACM-6) were prepared for the first time through mechanochemical reaction of calcium carbide with six full halogenated hydrocarbons, i.e., CCl4, C2Cl6, C2Cl4, C6Cl6, C6Br6, and C14H4Br10, respectively. Their carbon content and specific surface areas (SSAs) were analyzed, and their adsorption performance for thiophenic sulfurs was studied. The ACMs are mesoporous materials with relatively high SSAs and favorable adsorptive performance for PASHs with the order of DBT > BT > 3-MT. Their adsorptivity is virtually consistent with the SSA values and follows the order of ACM-6 > ACM-5 > ACM-4 > ACM-1 > ACM-3 > ACM-2. ACM-6 has the highest SSA (712 m2 g–1) and saturated adsorbance of 21.1 mg-S·g–1 for DBT in octane, as well as 6 mg-S·g–1 for real die...

Deep Desulfurization of Diesel Oil with Extraction Using Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquids

The pyridinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-3,5-dimethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate , 1-hexyl-3,5-dimethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate and, 1-octyl-3,5-dimethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate were found to be effective for the selective removal of aromatic heterocyclic sulfur compounds from diesel. The results suggested that the structure and size of the cation greatly affect the extractive performance of ILs. For each sulfur compound studied here (4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), benzothiophene (BT), and thiophene (TS)), the extractive performance using pyridinium-based ILs followed the order of [C4Py][BF4] < [C6Py][BF4] < [C8Py][BF4] < < < < < < . In addition, the pyridinium-based ILs would not contaminate the diesel due to their insolubility. On the other hand, diesel has a certain solubility in pyridinium-based ILs, varying from 0.49 wt% for [C4Py][BF4] to 19.6 wt% for . Considering these results, ILs studied in this work are more competitive and feasible for extractive desulfurization applications. Moreover, the extractive desulfurization using pyridinium-based ILs could be used at least as a complementary process to hydrodesulfurization (HDS).

Desulfurization of diesel oil by selective oxidation and extraction of sulfur compounds by ionic liquids—a contribution to a competitive process design

Extraction of S-compounds like dibenzothiophenes from diesel oil by ionic liquids (ILs) indicate that such a process could be an attractive alternative to common (deep) desulfurization by hydrotreating. The efficiency of the extraction increases if the S-species are previously oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones as these species have a much higher distribution coefficient compared to the non-oxidized derivatives. The present work combines the extraction of oxidized S-compounds from diesel oil by ILs and the subsequent IL regeneration, i.e. the removal of the oxidized S-species from the S-loaded IL by means of water addition which leads to a displacement of the S-compounds from the IL. Thus, water separation by evaporation is needed before the IL can be re-used for extraction. Model oils containing single sulfones as well as real pre-oxidized diesel oils were investigated. Based on the experimental results the energy consumption of the extractive desulfurization process was estimated. The evaporation of water from the IL is the crucial step with regards to the energy consumption of the process. The energy demand is comparable to classical hydrotreating, if a multi-stage evaporation is used.

Effect of various sono-oxidation parameters on the desulfurization of diesel oil

The influences of ultrasonic intensity, H2O2 concentration, ratio of H2O2 to oil and the addition of Fenton reagent on the oxidative desulfurization of diesel oil under ultrasonic irradiation were investigated. It was observed that the oxidative desulfurization of diesel oil fitted pseudo-first-order kinetics under our experimental conditions. Increasing the ultrasonic intensity increased the oxidative desulfurization efficiency of diesel oil. The addition of H2O2 enhanced the ultrasonic oxidative desulfurization efficiency of diesel oil. The sono-oxidation treatment in combination with Fenton reagent showed a synergistic effect for diesel oil desulfurization. The catalytic oxidative desulfurization process under ultrasonic irradiation process on diesel oils is an efficient and promising method.

Biocatalytic Desulfurization of Diesel Oil in an Air-Lift Reactor with Immobilized Gordonia nitida CYKS1 Cells

A new type of air-lift reactor with immobilized Gordonia nitida CYKS1 cells on a fibrous support was designed and used for the biocatalytic desulfurization (BDS) of diesel oil. Its performance was evaluated at different phase ratios of the oil to the aqueous medium (or oil phase fractions) and different sucrose concentrations. When the reaction mixture contained 10% diesel oil (v/v), 61-67% of sulfur was removed as the sulfur content decreased from 202-250 to 76-90 mg L(-1) in 72 h. The sulfur content did not decrease any further because the remaining sulfur compounds were recalcitrant to BDS. During the desulfurization, the strain CYKS1 consumed hydrocarbons in the diesel oil, mainly n-alkanes with 10-26 carbons, as carbon source even though an easily available carbon source, sucrose, was supplied.

05/02438 Two-step adsorption process for deep desulfurization of diesel oil

05/02438 Two-step adsorption process for deep desulfurization of diesel oil

Desulfurization of diesel oils by a newly isolated dibenzothiophene-degrading Nocardia sp. strain CYKS2.

A dibenzothiophene (DBT)-degrading bacterial strain was isolated from dyeing industry wastewater and identified as Nocardia sp. CYKS2. The newly isolated bacterial strain Nocardia sp. CYKS2 was able to convert DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) as the dead-end metabolite through a sulfur-specific pathway. Other organic sulfur compounds, such as thiophene derivatives, thiazole derivatives, sulfides, and disulfides were also desulfurized by Nocardia sp. CYKS2. In batch culture, 0.2 mM DBT was completely desulfurized in 60 h. After DBT was depleted, neither cell growth nor 2-HBP production was observed. When a model oil which DBT was dissolved in hexadecane was treated with growing cells, DBT was desulfurized from 10 mM to about 2 mM in 80 h. In this case, desulfurization rate was 0.279 mg-sulfur/(L-dispersion.h), which was about 2.5 times higher than that in the previous case of batch culture. When diesel oil was treated, the sulfur content decreased from 0.3 to 0.24 wt % in 48 h. A volumetric phase ratio of oil to water was 1/10 in this case. The sulfur decreased from 0.3 to 0.2 wt % in 48 h, when the volumetric phase ratio was 1/20. The desulfurization rates were 0.909 and 0.992 mg-sulfur/(L-dispersion.h), respectively.