Destructive Distillation Of Wood Research Articles

Metil Alkol (Metanol) İntoksikasyonu

Metanol odunun destrüktif distilasyonundan elde edilen berrak, renksiz ve yüksek derecede toksik bir maddedir. Genellikle endüstriyel çözücülerde, boyalarda, verniklerde, benzin karışımlarında ve otomobillerde çözücü ve antifriz olarak kullanılan metanol, tadı ve kokusundan dolayı içilemeyen bir alkol türüdür. Distile alkollü içkilerin üretimi sırasında yan ürün olarak ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Metanolün kazara ya da intihar amacıyla alınması intoksikasyona neden olabilmektedir. Sıklıkla oral yoldan intoksikasyonlara neden olur, nadiren de inhalasyonla veya cilt yüzeyinden emilimle vücuda alınmaktadır. Metanol intoksikasyonu zaman zaman epidemiler halinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Metil alkolün metabolitleri toksiktir. Metanol intoksikasyonunda semptomların çoğu metabolik asidoz ile ilişkilidir. Semptomlar genellikle santral sinir sistemi, gözler ve gastrointestinal sistem ile ilgilidir ve latent bir periyodun ardından ortaya çıkar. Körlük ve ölüm gibi çok ciddi sonuçları olabilmektedir. Prognoz metabolik asidozun derecesiyle koreledir. İnsanda metil alkolün toksik dozu geniş bir aralıktadır. Radyolojik incelemelerde ve otopsi çalışmalarında bazal ganglion kanaması ve nekrozu, putamende hemoraji elde edilen bulgulardır. Otopsi yapılan olguların kanındaki metanol düzeyleri oldukça farklılık göstermektedir. Ülkemizde son zamanlarda artan vergiler ve alkollü içki fiyatları nedeniyle bireylerin kendi içkilerini üretmeye başlaması veya sahte içkiye yönelmeleriyle birlikte intoksikasyon vakalarında ve ölümlerde ciddi bir artış söz konusu olmuştur. İntoksikasyon olgularının ve ölümlerin daha fazla artmaması için devletin bir an önce gerekli düzenlemeleri yapıp önlem alması gerekmektedir.

Metil Alkol (Metanol) İntoksikasyonu

Methanol is a clear, colorless and highly toxic substance obtained from destructive distillation of wood. Methanol, which is generally used as solvent and antifreeze in industrial solvents, paints, varnishes, gasoline mixtures and automobiles, is a type of non-drinking alcohol due to its taste and odor. It can be produced as a by-product during the production of distilled alcoholic beverages. Accidental or suicidal ingestion of methanol can cause intoxication. Methanol often causes oral intoxications. Methanol intoxication occasionally occurs in epidemics. Metabolites of methyl alcohol are toxic. Most of the symptoms of methanol intoxication are associated with metabolic acidosis. Symptoms are usually related to the central nervous system, eyes and gastrointestinal tract and occur after a latent period. It can have serious consequences such as blindness and death. Prognosis is correlated with the degree of metabolic acidosis. The toxic dose of methyl alcohol in human is in a wide range. Hemorrhage and necrosis in the basal ganglia and hemorrhage in the putamen are the findings obtained in radiological examinations and autopsy studies. Methanol levels in the blood of the autopsy cases are quite different. In our country, there has been a significant increase in the number of intoxication cases and deaths as individuals started to produce their own drinks or turned to fake drinks due to the increasing taxes and alcohol prices. In order not to increase the number of intoxication cases and deaths, the government should make the necessary arrangements and take precautions as soon as possible.

Methanol poisoning. How to recognize and treat a deadly intoxication.

Methanol poisoning is a relatively rare but extremely hazardous form of intoxication that can result in blindness or death. Most cases of poisoning occur by gastrointestinal absorption, but methanol (methyl alcohol) can also be absorbed into the body by respiratory and dermal routes. Methanol is produced from the destructive distillation of wood and is a common component of paints, varnishes, antifreeze solutions, and various solvents. A physician's awareness of the early symptoms, toxicology, and treatment of this condition and of settings in which poisoning often occurs can avert a disastrous outcome.

Destructive Distillation of Wood and Cellulose under Pressure1

Destructive Distillation of Wood and Cellulose under Pressure¹

The Technology of Wood Distillation: with Special Reference to the Methods of obtaining the Intermediate and Finished Products from the Primary Distillate

THE destructive distillation of wood is one of the earliest industries known to man. The need of charcoal for fuel and for the smelting of iron was the primary aim of the undertaking. Up to the beginning of the nineteenth century, the carbonisation of wood was carried on mainly with the object of furnishing sources of heat and light. At a somewhat later period the industry was in a precarious condition, for coke and tar from coal distillation successfully competed with the related products from wood. The Technology of Wood Distillation: with Special Reference to the Methods of obtaining the Intermediate and Finished Products from the Primary Distillate. By M. Klar. Translated by Dr. Alexander Rule. With an additional Chapter by the Translator. Pp. xv + 496. (London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 1925.) 25s. net.

The Thermal Decomposition of Wood

ONE hundred and fifty million tons of “wood waste” are produced annually, most of which, it is claimed, finds no useful application. Possible methods for the utilisation of this material are its destructive distillation to give valuable products, its employment directly as a fuel, its use in paper production, or its fermentation to produce ethyl alcohol. The first application, and wood distillation generally, although forming the subject of an ancient industry, has not hitherto been taken as the sole title of an English text-book. On account of the important economic problem involved the author has much to justify his r effort, and from many points of view his book is a success. The descriptions of plant and processes for wood distillation and of stills and evaporators employed in the recovery of the distillation products are lucid, and while technical details have been considered, exactness in statement has been maintained. The Destructive Distillation of Wood. By H. M. Bunbury. Pp. xx + 320. (London: Benn Bros., Ltd., 1923.) 35s. net.

The destructive distillation of wood

The destructive distillation of wood