Destructive Approach Research Articles

Surgical techniques and outcomes in patients with oral cavity cancer after induction chemotherapy

Objective: Locally advanced Oral squamous cell carcinoma OSCC has a poor prognosis, surgery is mainline for treatment. The role of induction chemotherapy is still controversial. Methodology: This is a prospective study that included 25 patients with locally advanced OSCC who received induction chemotherapy with cisplatin, docetaxel & 5-FU (TPF) protocol regimen followed by surgical intervention. The epidemiological, surgical, and oncological outcomes of all the included patients were analyzed. Results: one patient showed no response, 18 patients had a partial response while 6 patients showed pathological complete response (pCR). Five out of the six patients who achieved pCR did not need reconstructive surgery and also five out of those 6 patients were operated on through a less destructive transoral approach. Consequently, those patients had less operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, and significantly less time to start oral feeding. The median disease-free survival was 15 (12-18) months in patients who attained pCR and 13 (5-24) months in the non pCR group. Conclusion: Pathological complete response after induction chemotherapy for locally advanced OSCC is associated with improvement in disease-free survival, less destructive surgery, and less need for flap reconstruction.

Photoelectrochemical oxidation assisted air purifiers; perspective as potential tools to control indoor SARS-CoV-2 Exposure

Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19), a viral infection pandemic, arises due to easy human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory disorders and other life-threatening diseases (during/post-infection) such as black mold disease, diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders/diseases. COVID-19 infection emerged challenging to control as SARS-CoV-2 transmits through respiratory droplets (> 10 µm size range), aerosols (< 5 µm), airborne, and particulate matter (PM1.0 PM2.5 and PM10.0). SARS-CoV-2 is more infective in indoor premises due to aerodynamics where droplets, aerosols, and PM1.0/2.5/10.0 float for a longer time and distance leading to a higher probability of it entering upper and lower respiratory tracts. To avoid human-to-human transmission, it is essential to trap and destroy SARS-CoV-2 from the air and provide virus-free air that will significantly reduce indoor viral exposure concerns. In this process, an efficient nano-enable photoelectrochemical oxidation (PECO, a destructive approach to neutralize bio-organism) assisted air purification is undoubtedly a good technological choice. This technical perspective explores the role of PECO-assisted Air-Purifiers (i.e., Molekule as a focus example for proof-of-concept) to trap and destroy indoor microorganisms (bacteria and viruses including Coronaviruses), molds, and allergens, and other indoor air pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and PM1.0/2.5/10.0. It is observed through various standard and non-standard tests that stimuli-responsive nanomaterials coated filter technology traps and destroys microbial particles. Due to technological advancements according to premises requirements and high-performance desired outcomes, Molekule air purifiers, Air Pro Air -Rx, Air Mini, and Air Mini+, have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance as a Class II medical device for the destruction of bacteria and viruses.

Searching for minimal optimal neural networks

Large neural network models have high predictive power but may suffer from overfitting if the training set is not large enough. Therefore, it is desirable to select an appropriate size for neural networks. The destructive approach, which starts with a large architecture and then reduces the size using a Lasso-type penalty, has been used extensively for this task. Despite its popularity, there is no theoretical guarantee for this technique. Based on the notion of minimal neural networks, we posit a rigorous mathematical framework for studying the asymptotic theory of the destructive technique. We prove that Adaptive group Lasso is consistent and can reconstruct the correct number of hidden nodes of one-hidden-layer feedforward networks with high probability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first theoretical result establishing for the destructive technique.

Impact of Short-Time Micronization on Structural and Thermal Properties of Sugar Beet Fibre and Inulin.

By tailoring dietary fibre's structural and physicochemical properties, their functionality and applicability can be remarkably increased. One of the approaches used in this respect is fibre particle size reduction. Accordingly, the present study explores the impact of short-time micronization in a planetary ball mill on structural and thermal changes of modified and commercial sugar beet fibre, inulin and sucrose for their potential application as food excipients. Short-time micronization in a planetary ball mill (30 and 60 min) was applied for particle size reduction of modified and commercial sugar beet fibre, inulin and sucrose as less energy-consumptive and less destructive approach than long-time micronization. Dietary fibre and sucrose samples were characterised in terms of particle size, morphology, intermolecular bonds and presence of functional groups, crystallinity and thermal properties, before and after the short-time micronization. Particle size was successfully reduced to micron-scale already after 30 min of micronization in most of the samples without significant changes in thermal properties and crystallinity or present functional groups. An enhanced particle size decrease with prolonged micronization time (60 min) was noticed in modified sugar beet fibre with slightly wider particle size distribution than in other examined samples. Furthermore, morphology and exposure of the present functional groups in samples were altered by the micronization, which is favourable for their further application as excipients in the food matrix. The corresponding research reports the short-time micronization impact on sugar beet fibre and modified sugar beet fibre, inulin and sucrose for the first time, hence contributing to the widening of their application as excipients in diverse products.

Modal Analysis of the Ancillary During Femoral Stem Insertion: A Study on Bone Mimicking Phantoms.

The femoral stem primary stability achieved by the impaction of an ancillary during its insertion is an important factor of success in cementless surgery. However, surgeons still rely on their proprioception, making the process highly subjective. The use of Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) without sensor nor probe fixation on the implant or on the bone is a promising non destructive approach to determine the femoral stem stability. The aim of this study is to investigate whether EMA performed directly on the ancillary could be used to monitor the femoral stem insertion into the bone. To do so, a cementless femoral stem was inserted into 10 bone phantoms of human femurs and EMA was carried out on the ancillary using a dedicated impact hammer for each insertion step. Two bending modes could be identified in the frequency range [400-8000] Hz for which the resonance frequency was shown to be sensitive to the insertion step and to the bone-implant interface properties. A significant correlation was obtained between the two modal frequencies and the implant insertion depth (R2=0.95±0.04 and R2=0.94±0.06). This study opens new paths towards the development of noninvasive vibration based evaluation methods to monitor cementless implant insertion.

The effect of eraser sampling for proteomic analysis on Palaeolithic bone surface microtopography

Bone surface modifications are crucial for understanding human subsistence and dietary behaviour, and can inform about the techniques employed in the production and use of bone tools. Permission to destructively sample such unique artefacts is not always granted. The recent development of non-destructive proteomic extraction techniques has provided some alternatives for the analysis of rare and culturally significant artefacts, including bone tools and personal ornaments. The Eraser Extraction Method (EEM), first developed for ZooMS analysis of parchment, has recently been applied to bone and ivory specimens. To test the potential impact of the EEM on ancient bone surfaces, we analyse six anthropogenically modified Palaeolithic bone specimens from Bacho Kiro Cave (Bulgaria) through a controlled sampling experiment using qualitative and 3D quantitative microscopy. Although the overall bone topography is generally preserved, our findings demonstrate a slight flattening of the microtopography alongside the formation of micro-striations associated with the use of the eraser for all bone specimens. Such modifications are similar to ancient use-wear traces. We therefore consider the EEM a destructive sampling approach for Palaeolithic bone surfaces. Together with low ZooMS success rates in some of the reported studies, the EEM might not be a suitable approach to taxonomically identify Pleistocene bone specimens.

Teaching for a FAIL (First Attempt In Learning) in the Ensemble Classroom

Failure is a common experience in the lives of musicians and educators that is frequently seen as a negative attribute for performances in music education. By shifting from a negative, destructive approach to a positive, constructive orientation to failure, music educators can help their students learn and advance forward from experiences of failure toward success. This approach requires the creation of a classroom environment that allows failure to be accepted and transparent and focuses on a growth mindset regarding student success and failure. This article presents instructional strategies that model and support the growth of effective practices for coping with failure socially, emotionally, and cognitively.

Allometric equations for estimating on-farm fuel production of Gliricidia sepium (Gliricidia) shrubs and Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) plants in semi-arid Tanzania

BackgroundFuelwood is considered to be the primary source of cooking energy in Tanzania and, due to ongoing deforestation, access to fuelwood is becoming more cumbersome. On-farm agroforestry systems can reduce dependency on off-farm fuel; however, the output of on-farm produced fuel is typically uncertain as production potentials are often not known. In this paper, we have developed allometric equations to model the above-ground woody biomass (AGWB) production from intercropped Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp (Gliricidia) shrubs and Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeon pea) plants.MethodsWe used a destructive sampling approach, for measuring the dendrometric characteristics, such as the root collar diameter at a 20 cm stem height (RCD20) and the stem height to estimate the AGWB production. The models are based on 112 Gliricidia and 80 pigeon pea observations from annually pruned plants. Seven allometric equations were fitted to derive the best-fit models for the AGWB production.ResultsWe found that using a natural log-transformed linear model with RCD20 as a single predictor variable provides the highest explanatory value to estimate the AGWB production (Gliricidia: R2 = 95.7%, pigeon pea: R2 = 91.4%) while meeting Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimator requirements. Adding stem height as an additional variable to predict the AGWB production does not improve model accuracy enough to justify the extra work for including it.ConclusionsWhile on-farm pigeon pea plants produced a stable amount of woody biomass per annum, annual fuelwood production from Gliricidia shrubs increased over the years. Compared to the annual fuelwood consumption data from the literature, our results show that on-farm produced fuelwood can substantially offset the demand for off-farm fuel, potentially resulting in household fuelwood autarky.

A Minimally Morphologically Destructive Approach for DNA Retrieval and Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing of Pinned Historic Dipteran Vector Species.

Museum collections contain enormous quantities of insect specimens collected over the past century, covering a period of increased and varied insecticide usage. These historic collections are therefore incredibly valuable as genomic snapshots of organisms before, during, and after exposure to novel selective pressures. However, these samples come with their own challenges compared with present-day collections, as they are fragile and retrievable DNA is low yield and fragmented. In this article, we tested several DNA extraction procedures across pinned historic Diptera specimens from four disease vector genera: Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, and Glossina. We identify an approach that minimizes morphological damage while maximizing DNA retrieval for Illumina library preparation and sequencing that can accommodate the fragmented and low yield nature of historic DNA. We identify several key points in retrieving sufficient DNA while keeping morphological damage to a minimum: an initial rehydration step, a short incubation without agitation in a modified low salt Proteinase K buffer (referred to as “lysis buffer C” throughout), and critical point drying of samples post-extraction to prevent tissue collapse caused by air drying. The suggested method presented here provides a solid foundation for exploring the genomes and morphology of historic Diptera collections.

Modified Neural Architecture Search (NAS) Using the Chromosome Non-Disjunction

This paper proposes a deep neural network structuring methodology through a genetic algorithm (GA) using chromosome non-disjunction. The proposed model includes methods for generating and tuning the neural network architecture without the aid of human experts. Since the original neural architecture search (henceforth, NAS) was announced, NAS techniques, such as NASBot, NASGBO and CoDeepNEAT, have been widely adopted in order to improve cost- and/or time-effectiveness for human experts. In these models, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are employed to effectively enhance the accuracy of the neural network architecture. In particular, CoDeepNEAT uses a constructive GA starting from minimal architecture. This will only work quickly if the solution architecture is small. On the other hand, the proposed methodology utilizes chromosome non-disjunction as a new genetic operation. Our approach differs from previous methodologies in that it includes a destructive approach as well as a constructive approach, and is similar to pruning methodologies, which realizes tuning of the previous neural network architecture. A case study applied to the sentence word ordering problem and AlexNet for CIFAR-10 illustrates the applicability of the proposed methodology. We show from the simulation studies that the accuracy of the model was improved by 0.7% compared to the conventional model without human expert.

Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of the Human Tuberculous Lung Reveals Remarkable Heterogeneity in Three-dimensional Granuloma Morphology.

Rationale: Our current understanding of tuberculosis (TB) pathophysiology is limited by a reliance on animal models, the paucity of human TB lung tissue, and traditional histopathological analysis, a destructive two-dimensional approach that provides limited spatial insight. Determining the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the necrotic granuloma, a characteristic feature of TB, will more accurately inform preventive TB strategies.Objectives: To ascertain the 3D shape of the human tuberculous granuloma and its spatial relationship with airways and vasculature within large lung tissues.Methods: We characterized the 3D microanatomical environment of human tuberculous lungs by using micro computed tomography, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. By using 3D segmentation software, we accurately reconstructed TB granulomas, vasculature, and airways in three dimensions and confirmed our findings by using histopathology and immunohistochemistry.Measurements and Main Results: We observed marked heterogeneity in the morphology, volume, and number of TB granulomas in human lung sections. Unlike depictions of granulomas as simple spherical structures, human necrotic granulomas exhibit complex, cylindrical, branched morphologies that are connected to the airways and shaped by the bronchi. The use of 3D imaging of human TB lung sections provides unanticipated insight into the spatial organization of TB granulomas in relation to the airways and vasculature.Conclusions: Our findings highlight the likelihood that a single, structurally complex lesion could be mistakenly viewed as multiple independent lesions when evaluated in two dimensions. In addition, the lack of vascularization within obstructed bronchi establishes a paradigm for antimycobacterial drug tolerance. Lastly, our results suggest that bronchogenic spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reseeds the lung.

Time and frequency domain reflectometry for the measurement of tree stem water content: A review, evaluation, and future perspectives

Electromagnetic (EM) methods for estimation of water content in porous media (e.g., soil and tree stems) are based on estimates of the media's bulk dielectric permittivity, which is sensitive to water content. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) and frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) are routinely used for rapid, automated and minimally destructive approach for routine measurement of soil water content (θsoil) and stem water content (θstem) in the laboratory and field. Applications and advances of TDR and FDR in soil science have been well-documented, but no attempt has been made to critically review the use of EM methods for measuring θstem. In this paper we review the principles, calibration, sensor configuration, and sensor installation of the TDR and FDR methods for the measurement of θstem. Perspectives are presented on new TDR calibration, the development of new sensors, and technologies for the simultaneous measurement of θstem, sap flow, bulk density/porosity, radial distribution of θstem, and electric conductivity. Also discussed were the effects of tree morphology and wounding on the accuracy of both methods. This review provides information for the novice and expert alike to guide them on the advantages, limitations, development, and application of the EM methods required to improve the reliability and validity of measured values of θstem.

Soil moisture level prediction using optical technique and artificial neural network

This research describes the use of an optical system combined with artificial neural network (ANN) for wireless and nondestructive prediction of soil moisture level. The former system comprising of near infrared (NIR) emitters of wavelengths 1200 nm and 1450 nm, and a photodetector for near real time soil moisture measurement in loams and peats holding different amount of water. There were 63 and 90 sets of data from loams and peats, respectively, used in the development of the dual stage-multiclass ANN model, wherein measurement of light attenuation (from nondestructive system) was correlated with percent soil moisture (from destructive gold standard approach) in pre-measurement stage. The result revealed a relatively good performance in the training of the NN with regression, R, of 0.8817 and 0.8881, and satisfactory error performance of 0.7898 and 1.172, for loams and peats, respectively. The testing of the system on 50 new samples of loam and peat showed a considerably high mean accuracy of 92 % for loams while 82 % was observed for peats. This study attributes the poorer performance of the system used on peats to the detection resolution of percent soil moisture, and structure and properties of the corresponding soil. This work concluded that the developed technology may be feasible for use in the future design and improvement of agricultural soil management.

TECHNIQUES FOR FIXED DENTAL RESTORATIONS REMOVAL - CLASSIFICATION, DECISION ON THE CORRECT APPROACH, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Introduction: Fixed dental restorations possess a predefined period of use. Most often they are removed by means of sectioning which renders them unusable. Reasons exist when practitioners shall preserve the restoration, applying conservative approaches for removing. In the literature, apart from the classic destructive technique with sectioning, conservative, semi-conservative and combined techniques for removal are described. The aim of this article is to present a complete classification and description of different approaches to remove permanently and temporarily fixed prosthetic constructions. Materials and methods: A literature study was conducted athe beginning of 2019. Information was gathered using dental textbooks on the topic specified and online scientific databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, etc. Conclusion Through this article, a conclusion was drawn that a full classification or description of removal techniques for fixed dentures has not been done in the Bulgarian literature so far. It is reported that information for patients about advantages, disadvantages and dangers of removing a permanently cemented restoration is of great importance. Except for the destructive ones, all methods described here may be used when removing temporarily fixated constructions. The selection of the ideal system or a combination depends on the clinical situation. Safest and most atraumatic for underlying structures when removing permanently cemented restorations is the destructive approach. Practitioners must be precisely familiar with the techniques so as to be able to preserve the construction, to avoid any danger connected with the clinical case. According to data gathered, no approach is universally applicable when removing fixed prosthetic restorations.

Evaluation of weed impact on wheat biomass by combining visible imagery with a plant growth model: towards new non-destructive indicators for weed competition

To evaluate the impact of weeds on crops, precise identification and early prediction are required. This paper presents two new non-destructive indicators deduced from visible images: weed pressure (WP) and wheat growth status (WGS). They are based on the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) obtained from digital vegetation maps (crop vs. weeds) in a wheat field. FVC was determined for both plants with a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 0.86 using machine learning classification [support vector machine-radial basis function (SVM-RBF)] combined with Bag of Visual Words technique. It was compared to destructive measurements of above-ground biomass (BM) and leaf area index (LAI). Since the coefficient of determination between FVC and BM is very good for wheat crop (r2 = 0.93), FVC is used to feed a growth model based on the Monteith equation. Replacing the standard approach by the image approach in the initialization of the model had no impact on the simulated BM values. WP characterized weed pressure, namely the FVCw/FVCc ratio and it quantified the crop–weed competition. The results show that up to the tillering stage, it could substitute for the BMw/BMc ratio resulting from a destructive approach. The second indicator, WGS assessed crop health through the monitoring of biomass production. It compared the theoretical wheat biomass simulated under non-stressed conditions, BMsimulated, to the actual biomass, BMobserved. The impact of weed on crop was evaluated by combining the results of these two indicators. This simple and fast method based on proximal detection data offers promising results in agroecological cropping systems, where high responsiveness is a major challenge for site-specific weed management.

Synthesis of physically crosslinked PAM/CNT flakes nanocomposite hydrogel films via a destructive approach.

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based hydrogels have recently found a wide variety of applications due to the unique physical and chemical properties of CNTs. CNTs can be used as a nanofiller and/or crosslinker to produce nanocomposite hydrogels with good mechanical and structural properties. In this research, a novel method was reported for producing polyacrylamide (PAM)/oxidized-multiwalled carbon nanotube (O-MWCNT) flakes nanocomposite hydrogel films without using any organic cross-linker or surfactant. Through a mechanism dependent on the reactive oxygen species (ROS), some O-MWCNTs were broken down in situ into small flakes in the aqueous solutions containing acrylamide (AM) and sodium persulfate (NaPS) at the temperature range of 85–90 °C. Simultaneously, in situ polymerization of the AM monomers occurred using free radicals, which resulted in the formation of PAM chains. The flakes acted as crosslinkers by forming hydrogen bonds with PAM chains and formed a hydrogel network after 48 h at room temperature. The hydrogels were characterized by different techniques (FT-IR, Raman, FE-SEM, TEM, TGA, tensile test). The porous structure of the hydrogel films as well as micro-network structures with unique morphologies were observed by SEM. The O-MWCNT flakes and some undegraded O-MWCNTs in the hydrogel network were also observed by TEM. The results showed that PC2I2H hydrogel film, as an evolved hydrogel, has excellent swelling performance in aqueous solutions at different pH and temperatures. In addition, this hydrogel showed a tensile strength of 103 MPa in the dry state and an elongation of 703% in the swollen state.

Договор по открытому небу: российские взгляды на проблемы и варианты их решения

The article is devoted to the Treaty on Open Skies that remains one of the few instruments for multilateral and collective security in Europe and North America. The treaty may cease to exist, due to accumulating contradictions about the its implementation among the participating states, the destructive approach to arms control by President Trump's administration, and general degradation of relations between Russia and the West. This article examines Russian approaches to managing the current situation (which is close to a dead end) and finding possible ways out of it. Special attention is paid to the informal consequences of maintaining or destroying the Open Skies regime. Some prospects for future collaborative airborne monitoring regimes are also discussed.

Exploration of surface roughness measurement solutions for additive manufactured components built by multi-axis tool paths

A thin-wall sphere dome set is manufactured without supports being required using a direct energy deposition additive manufacturing process. A multi-axis tool path combined with a partitioning strategy is utilized. Two partitioning strategies and a rotary toolpath build strategy are applied. The partitioned samples have a 45 mm diameter, and the rotary toolpath sample has a 60 mm diameter. The wall thickness is 2 mm for all case studies. The partitioning strategy provides an opportunity to fabricate geometries without the need for support structures, but it introduces physical properties variations. Large surface irregularities are noticed at the transition points between partitions, which escalates the roughness values drastically in these regions. The surface roughness variations within a build section and across partitions are explored in this paper. Process planning, data collection, and experimental/numerical procedures are developed and implemented to investigate the surface roughness variations (Ra measurement). Two solutions are developed: (i) a destructive testing approach (sections embedded into epoxy) and (ii) a contactless approach. The destructive testing solution uses the magnified pictures of the exposed surface edges of mount samples as input data. The other solution uses a 3D point cloud of the surface. The mount solution results show better accuracy, but the data collection process is time consuming and labour intensive. The destructive test method can detect small textures, while the contactless method is more appropriate for large-scale bead products. This research shows measuring surface roughness is challenging and further development is needed to be developed to be able to effectively measure Ra for AM built components. • Support-free hemisphere case studies are fabricated with multi-axis toolpaths. • Three partitioning process planning strategies are implemented. • Surface roughness variations can occur at the partition interfaces. • Surface roughness is measured using destructive and non-destructive methods. • The destructive measurement approach generated a high-fidelity solution. • Scanning and point cloud data solution correlated to the destructive method results.

Transitioning culture from apparent death to reawakening: Alberto Asor Rosa’s political conceptions in the 1960s

ABSTRACT The article deals with the early career of the literary critic Alberto Asor Rosa, one of the founders of the operaismo movement, a Marxist tendency advocating the management of factories by workers through bottom-up councils. It outlines the role he assigned to literature and culture, investigating his criticism first against the non-revolutionary cultural politics of the Italian Communist Party, notoriously through his book Scrittori e popolo and his writings for the periodical classe operaia, then identifying a transition from a destructive approach against any culture based on values to the use of cultural disciplines purely as techniques. The article posits that this instrumental understanding of culture depended on Asor Rosa’s political choice to take the perspective of the working class, in order to use culture itself for social analysis. In the second half of the decade, contributing to the periodicals Angelus novus and Contropiano, he still considered culture ineffective as a way towards revolution, but he began to value the great works of ʻbourgeois’ literature for their ability to penetrate the middle-class spirit and undermine capitalist society. The article concludes that, despite his changing idea of culture, Asor Rosa’s opinions on the intellectual’s task fit the traditional concept of it.

In vivo degradation and endothelialization of an iron bioresorbable scaffold

Detection of in vivo biodegradation is critical for development of next-generation medical devices such as bioresorbable stents or scaffolds (BRSs). In particular, it is urgent to establish a nondestructive approach to examine in vivo degradation of a new-generation coronary stent for interventional treatment based on mammal experiments; otherwise it is not available to semi-quantitatively monitor biodegradation in any clinical trial. Herein, we put forward a semi-quantitative approach to measure degradation of a sirolimus-eluting iron bioresorbable scaffold (IBS) based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images; this approach was confirmed to be consistent with the present weight-loss measurements, which is, however, a destructive approach. The IBS was fabricated by a metal-polymer composite technique with a polylactide coating on an iron stent. The efficacy as a coronary stent of this new bioresorbable scaffold was compared with that of a permanent metal stent with the name of trade mark Xience, which has been widely used in clinic. The endothelial coverage on IBS was found to be greater than on Xience after implantation in a rabbit model; and our well-designed ultrathin stent exhibited less individual variation. We further examined degradation of the IBSs in both minipig coronary artery and rabbit abdominal aorta models. The present result indicated much faster iron degradation of IBS in the rabbit model than in the porcine model. The semi-quantitative approach to detect biodegradation of IBS and the finding of the species difference might be stimulating for fundamental investigation of biodegradable implants and clinical translation of the next-generation coronary stents.