Demolition Of Buildings Research Articles

Material religion, colonial heritage, and building modernity in Brazil

This article takes the relation between religious buildings and cities as its starting point. Unlike the majority perspective in Latin America, our focus in this article is not on the construction of temples but on the disputes arising from the demolition of religious buildings. We argue that demolition implies the decomposition of religious materialities and their circulation in other spaces: museums, public buildings, and other churches. This article focuses on two cases to explore the tensions between a modern city project and Brazil’s colonial past heritage. The articulating element of these two axes is the perspective that we face (yet another) tension between religion and modernity, which, in this case, is spatially inscribed.

IMPGREENING AND MODERNIZATION OF EQUIPMENT FOR PROCESSING CONSTRUCTION WASTE INTO SECONDARY CRUSHED STONE

The article addresses the pressing issue of processing reinforced concrete structures that have resulted from the destruction of buildings in Ukraine. Accumulating in significant volumes, reinforced concrete debris holds substantial potential for further use but requires efficient processing methods. The main focus is on the greening of equipment and modernization of jaw crushers to ensure their capability to effectively crush this type of waste, which is a critical task in the context of sustainable development and the implementation of environmentally safe technologies in the construction industry. The study analyzes existing jaw crusher designs, their technical characteristics, and possibilities for modernization. A detailed examination of crusher operation parameters, such as the angle of capture, jaw stroke, eccentric shaft rotation frequency, and the strength and rigidity of the main components, was conducted. The research findings demonstrate that optimizing the angle of capture and adjusting the rotation parameters of the eccentric shaft can significantly enhance the crusher's performance, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the proposed modifications. To achieve the set objectives, the study also focused on the wear resistance of the jaw crusher's working elements, particularly the jaws and the eccentric shaft. An analysis of the main factors affecting the wear of these elements during the crushing of reinforced concrete debris was conducted, and measures to improve their durability were proposed. Specifically, the potential use of new, more wear-resistant materials for manufacturing the jaws was explored, as well as the optimization of the crusher's thermal regime to reduce the wear of the eccentric shaft. The results of the study confirmed that the application of these approaches not only increases the crusher's efficiency but also significantly extends the service life of its working elements, which contributes to reducing operational costs and enhancing the profitability of the reinforced concrete debris processing process. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the development of optimized solutions for the greening of equipment and modernization of jaw crushers, which ensure increased efficiency in processing reinforced concrete debris of varying strengths. Particular attention was paid to the importance of properly selecting the angle of the plates and other parameters that affect equipment productivity. The implementation of the obtained results could have a significant impact on the development of construction waste processing technologies and contribute to environmental safety in Ukraine's construction industry.

Young Children Moving through Ecological Anxiety and Grief: Dancing with Demolition

ABSTRACT As the extent of planetary unraveling becomes increasingly apparent, scholars are beginning to document responses to the loss of ecological systems, mass extinctions, and climate change. However, there are few studies documenting children’s eco-anxiety responses. In this study, children’s eco-anxiety and grief became apparent when they expressed dismay at the imminent demolition of a derelict building. Children were concerned for the fate of the building, the land on which it stood, and the myriad others it sheltered. Using participatory and creative methodologies including dance, this project worked with children to tell a more-than-human story of becoming-with children-building-weeds-graffiti-dust-researchers-unhoused-bacteria-rats-and unloved others, which culminated in a video work. In this article Butler’s concept of “grievability” is extended to include those not typically thought to be “grievable.” The article concludes with a discussion about how dance improvisation allowed children to express feelings of loss and move through their eco-anxiety and grief.

The Restoration of New Gourna: Safeguarding the Legacy of Hassan Fathy

Hassan Fathy’s New Gourna project in Egypt (1946-52) is renowned as a pioneering example of sustainable urban settlement, integrating traditional technologies with modern architectural principles and serving as an inspiration to architects and planners worldwide. But decades of neglect have resulted in major structural deterioration and demolitions of the original buildings. In response, a project titled “Safeguarding Hassan Fathy’s Architectural Legacy in New Gourna” has been undertaken through a collaboration between UNESCO and the Egyptian Ministry of Culture, as defined by the National Organization for Urban Harmony (NOUH) for the period 2019-21. This initiative aims to conserve and repurpose the public heritage buildings while addressing the critical issue of groundwater. NOUH has now taken the project into a second phase (2023-24). This paper outlines the symptoms and causes of deterioration in New Gourna Village and reviews the restoration efforts applied to four major buildings: the khan, the mosque, the theater, and Hassan Fathy’s house. Further research will detail the restoration project in each case, including the documentation phase and the specific restoration techniques applied to each structural element and material.

Investigation of the relationship between economic growth and mismanaged construction waste: Evidence from 268 cities in China

Developing countries face the unprecedented environmental protection challenges associated with urban regeneration and economic development. These challenges are particularly evident in managing the vast quantities of construction waste (CW) generated by new building construction and demolition at an urban scale. Capturing the dynamic relationships between CW and urban economic development is a key step in addressing the imbalance between the two and in exploring effective management strategies. This study innovatively uses urban-level data to analyze the non-linear relationship between CW and economic development, while verifying the applicability of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the context of CW management. By exploring both short-term and long-term equilibrium effects using data from selected Chinese cities, the study investigates the heterogeneity among four agglomerations through hybrid panel econometric methods. Subsequently, quantitative data analysis is conducted to uncover the socioeconomic drivers of CW generation and to explore their unidirectional causality relationships. This approach not only provides crucial evidence for developing a strategic framework for CW management, but also extends the applicability of the EKC hypothesis to the domain of CW.

City profile: Transformations and challenges of São Paulo's historic triangle

Unlike other American megacities, São Paulo's financial and administrative center has shifted multiple times, specifically four times over the last century. These shifts have significantly affected the city's former centers. This study examines the transformation of São Paulo's original center, the Historic Triangle, where layers of urban development that rapidly overlaid in the 20th century led to the demolition of historic buildings and verticalization. The shift of centrality subsequently caused the decay of this historic center. Despite the decline in its financial and administrative importance, the Historic Triangle remained a valuable site for its architectural heritage, though its cultural landscape and imageability are at risk. The data for this study was gathered from site surveys, historical maps, and experts' opinions and was analyzed using GIS and SPSS. An original 3D video was produced to illustrate the transformation and rapid verticalization of the Historic Triangle. To address the complex architectural landscape, the existing buildings are categorized into three generations: 1stG (oldest), 2ndG (transitional), and 3rdG (newest). We examined each category's façade details, building design, and urban integration and provided recommendations for conservation measures and policies to preserve the site's historical integrity and enhance its new role as a tourist heritage center.

Towards an improved wind effect assessment for asbestos abatement: A methodology for reduced-scale experiments

During building renovation or demolition, asbestos fibers can be released which can contaminate the environment, leading to potential occupational health and public health concerns. Strict asbestos abatement procedures and regulations are in place to mitigate this risk, which involve sealing the worksite and depressurizing it relative to the outdoor environment (i.e., indoor pressure lower than the outdoor pressure) using mechanical ventilation. However, the depressurization of the containment can be breached by the effects of the wind. Hence, it is essential to identify which wind conditions are problematic and how to prevent their effects. To conduct corresponding laboratory measurements, it is first required to scale down the building and its containment zone including a working mechanical ventilation system. This paper presents an innovative methodology for conducting reduced-scale experiments on buildings equipped with mechanical ventilation systems for contaminant containment. The methodology, here explained in the context of asbestos abatement, could also be applied to any other type of particulate pollutant. The methodology of this research study includes the design of a mechanical ventilation system for depressurization; a method to scale down the building and the ventilation system for testing in a wind tunnel; and 3D steady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations for optimizing the positioning of the ventilation components. The methodology is applied for a single-zone building including its ventilation system, which is found to achieve the targeted indoor depressurization of −40 Pa, making it ready for wind tunnel tests.

Sustainable practices in construction: Exposing the Potential of Waste as a Resource.

Abstract This paper examines the critical issues facing the construction and demolition industry in the countries of the European Union, with a particular focus on Germany. It presents strategies for waste management and sustainable development goals in construction sector. The construction industry is responsible for a significant proportion of waste production, which underscores the urgency of addressing the impending waste management crisis. The paper highlights the necessity for the implementation of circular-oriented construction practices that prioritize recycling and the reduction of waste, aiming to improve the efficient use of resources in building design and construction. Using a real non-residential building demolition as a case study, the paper outlines specific steps to determine building materials and document demolition procedures. This study presents a variety of selective demolition strategies, with consideration of end-of-life scenarios for materials, including reuse, recycling, and downcycling. The analysis highlights the complexity of the demolition process, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive evaluation methodologies. By closing the material cycle and prioritizing reuse and recycling, it is possible to achieve sustainable and long-term value retention of building materials. Additionally, methods such as life cycle assessment and material flow analysis for waste streams are introduced. The environmental impact of the demolition of the “Elementum” office building in Munich was analyzed and the CO2 emissions calculated, in relation to transport distances. Results were presented on the reduction in CO2 emissions due to the elimination of transport to landfill and the associated impact on the Life Cycle Assessment. By considering factors such as resource conservation, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, waste generation and pollution, stakeholders can make informed decisions to mitigate negative environmental impacts.

The Effect of Sudan's April 2023 War on Medical Education and Prospects for Recovery

Background: Sudan’s historical narrative is marked by enduring sociopolitical challenges and deep cultural divisions that have sparked numerous conflicts. A recent escalation in hostilities on 2023, April 15 has dangerously pushed the nation to the brink of a full-scale civil war with potential regional ramifications. The resultant humanitarian crisis involves over 9000 fatalities, 12,000 injuries, and the displacement of six million people, now grappling with dire conditions in their new settlements. The ongoing conflict in Sudan has had a profound impact on the nation’s already challenged medical education (ME) sector, resulting in the complete destruction of buildings and infrastructure, widespread looting in conflict zones, and a nationwide disruption of educational activities. This review sheds light on the urgent and still unfolding crisis in ME and explores potential solutions to enhance global understanding of crisis management.Methods: The review utilizes the crisis management framework and draws insights from diverse sources such as literature, student-led webinars, and discussions with Sudanese ME experts. We have examined pre-existing challenges, analyzed the war’s impact on ME, and proposed a path forward. Results: Despite the profound devastation, this crisis offers a unique opportunity to revamp Sudan’s struggling ME system, introducing a community-centric and socially accountable approach. Conclusion: Through collaborative efforts, Sudan’s ME system has the potential to serve as a model for similar nations, effectively addressing the needs of its populace and fostering sustainable development.

Иск о признании права отсутствующим: инструкция по применению

The article is devoted to a detailed consideration of a special means of protecting the rights and legally protected interests of the owner: a claim to recognize the right as absent. Its specific features and characteristics are highlighted, a comparative analysis is carried out in comparison with competing remedies: a vindication claim, a negatory claim, a claim for the demolition of an unauthorized building, the relationship of a claim for recognizing a right as absent with general remedies is analyzed: a claim for declaring a transaction invalid, for the application of consequences invalidity of a void transaction. In addition to the review and analysis of theoretical issues, a significant part of the work is the systematization of judicial practice on the topic of research. The practical demand for this method of protecting subjective civil rights, on the one hand, and the lack of scientific research in this area, on the other hand, determine the relevance of the study.

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY AND STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNICAL, ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE DURATION OF THE PROCESS OF LIQUIDATION AND LOCALIZATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DESTRUCTIONS

Analysis of the influence of technical, organizational and technological factors on the duration of the process of liquidation and localization of the development of destruction is an important stage of research into the process of liquidation of the consequences of accidental destruction. In order to compare options for liquidation and localization of the development of destruction of an emergency building, three options for reinforcement systems were analyzed: metal typical, wooden individual and combined. The work uses the method of analysis of hierarchies - a mathematical tool of a systematic approach to complex decision-making problems. The method does not impose the "correct" option, but allows you to interactively find an alternative (rational reinforcement option) that best matches the requirements for solving optimization tasks. To reduce the subjectivity of making a justified optimization decision in the conditions of complex multi-criteria optimization problems, a solution to the local problem of finding the optimal alternative according to the duration criterion, or a group of alternatives, taking into account the ratio of advantages based on the vector criterion, is proposed. To indicate the influence of advantages in quantitative expression, a pairwise comparison scale was used, which consists in a qualitative and quantitative assessment of relative advantage: equal in importance - 1; weak advantage – 2; average degree of preference ‒ 3; preference above the average degree ‒ 4; moderately stronger advantage ‒ 5; strong advantage ‒ 6; much stronger advantage ‒ 7; the most significant advantage is 8; absolute advantage ‒ 9. Initial data for choosing a temporary reinforcement option were obtained by comparing the estimated duration of dismantling and restoration works and optimizing the sequence of their execution for three options using wooden individual, metal typical and combined temporary reinforcement systems. It was established that it is impossible to ensure complete unification of reinforcement elements using only typical elements, therefore it is effective to use combined reinforcement systems using typical metal and individual wooden elements.

CIRCULARITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION

Historic buildings represent an ensemble of related to architecture, materials and technology of the era in which they were built and contribute to the knowledge of contemporary ones. Materials resulting from the demolition of old buildings, such as: bricks, wood and vegetal materials, concrete, gravel, stone and sand, masonry and rubble, metals, plastic, glass, drywall, cardboard and paper, sanitary fixtures, fibers (asbestos, glass, steel, natural), can get a new life, becoming part of a new building, streets, facades or even a city, in the context of circular architecture and the Smart City concept. The case of the specimens based on polyurethane waste will be discussed in this paper, as partial substitutes in the composition of new building structures. Also, methods for characterization and testing of these new compositions will be discussed and evaluated.

Правовое регулирование и реализация механизма компенсации при развитии внутренней газификации регионов Российской Федерации

With the development of internal gas distribution in the Russian Federation, the question inevitably arises of the seizure of private lands of individuals and legal entities, as well as the demolition of buildings, structures and other buildings. However, there is no mechanism for legal withdrawal, which gives rise to the non-legal nature of these legal relations and excessive losses of private law subjects, as a result of which many court proceedings load the judicial system. The mechanism for calculating compensation or a percentage of the surcharge fixed by law in case of losses incurred by citizens and legal entities in the implementation of federal orders for the installation of gas pipelines will help protect the rights and interests of owners and third parties whose interests are violated or restricted.

Administrative and legal aspects of providing free legal aid under martial law

Abstract. In this article submitted for publication, the authors analyze and study the issues related to the provision of quality and timely free legal aid under martial law. The methodological basis of the study is a system of general scientific methods that provide an objective analysis and evaluation of the subject under study. The authors believe that it is now necessary to popularize free legal aid more, not only in the media, but also to attract the attention of public organizations and charitable foundations, in particular those engaged in providing assistance to internally displaced persons, since they understand better than anyone how difficult it is to live and work under martial law. In our opinion, it is advisable to revise the Law of Ukraine «On Free Legal Aid» and pay attention to the communities and regions located near the front line, because people living in such areas need much more support and attention from the state. The authors also emphasize that young people should be involved in the work of free primary and secondary care centers, and internship programs should be organized so that people really trust free aid and understand that free aid does not mean low-quality. We also consider it appropriate to note that the crucial issue of providing quality and timely assistance, in terms of free aid, has become even more urgent and painful for a significant number of our citizens under martial law. The problems of physical impossibility not only to receive legal aid, but also to access justice have been added to the existing problems. This problem has been exacerbated by the temporary occupation of the territories, the destruction of court buildings and the relocation of courts and law enforcement agencies to other regions.

Developing an efficient planning process for heritage buildings maintenance in Iraq

Abstract Heritage buildings and sites are significant assets for any country, they hold values of the past to the new generation. This research focuses on the problem of deterioration and demolition of heritage buildings due to negligence or aspiration for more profitable projects, which will lead to the loss of valuable heritage buildings. Assuming that this problem can be solved initially from the planning stage, this research aims to enhance the planning process for heritage buildings by specifying the main factors that affect the planning process for the maintenance work and developing a framework of sequential steps for planning process activities to help in creating an efficient plan. The research evaluates the current situation of heritage building conservation in Baghdad, Iraq as a case study, by classifying the relevant categories into maintenance and non-maintenance categories, which describe the reasons that led to the deterioration of numerous local heritage buildings. The results found in this research specify the main factors that lead to an efficient plan that are budget, methods and techniques, level of skills of the workers, schedule, and required materials. A framework for a successive conservation plan is suggested to be adapted, including a series of sequenced processes to get a sound plan. Finally, some recommendations are suggested to develop planning for heritage building conservation, like reevaluating the legislations and laws to enhance the heritage sector, serious work to make the heritage sites take place in the community activities, paying maximum care to the heritage sector by the governmental authorities, and using modern tools in planning in addition to other recommendations.

Analysis of the technical condition of building structures on the example of a feed preparation workshop

The article aims to develop an instrumental model for a complex assessment of building structures that are subject to changes during their life-cycle process. This model can be used to substantiate the need either to reconstruct the existing building structures with the purpose of creating favorable living conditions or to demolish the building. The research methodology involved the general theory of systems and available techniques for estimating the state of building structures. Brick walls were tested by a nondestructive method using an IPS-MG-4.03 meter. Gypsum block masonry walls were tested by an ONIKS- 2.5 meter. Concrete was tested by an OMSh-1 hardness tester. Bellman dynamic programming was used to optimize the calculations and to find a solution for optimizing reconstruction costs. An example of assessing the condition of a building construction is provided, along with measures for extending its lifecycle. A conclusion is made that evaluation of the reliable operation of a building structure should consider the integral condition of the basic load-bearing structures under the action of environmental factors. This allows the risks of building destruction and the costs of building reconstruction to be reduced. For evaluating the current condition of the building under study, its structure was divided into a number of elements: foundation, wall box, floor slabs, roof. The hydrogeological parameters of the soil were also considered. Basing on the wear of building elements, the weakening coefficients of the building were calculated. The transient states of the system were described by semi-Markov processes. The results obtained can be used when evaluating the building residual life, selecting measures for improving the durability of structures with high wear and tear, and justifying the renovation concepts of territories.

Effect of recycled concrete aggregate size on physical and mechanical properties of eco-friendly-self-compacting concrete

In recent years, the rapid increase in population and building demand across the world leads to significant deterioration or reduction of natural resources. Meanwhile the huge amounts of waste from the demolition of buildings and concrete structures in the landfill space become a serious ecological and environmental problem. The recovery of aggregates from recycled concrete for the formulation of new concrete would contribute to reducing the depletion of natural resources and therefore integrate into the context of sustainable development, because there are several socio-economic advantages. The objective of this possibility of using aggregates from recycled concrete mixes. We have established a comparison between the physical and mechanical behavior of SCC based on RCA (Recycled Sand: SR 0/3 and Recycled Gravel RG: 3/8 and 8/15) and that of SCC based on natural aggregates (NA) on fresh support and hardened state. Additionally, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods were conducted in this research to obtain more information about the properties of the studied SCC. The results of the tests on fresh SCC meet the recommendations of the French Association of Civil Engineering (AFGC). The physical and mechanical behavior of SCC-RS is relatively weak compared to SCC-NA/RG. This is directly related to the high absorption capacity of the aggregates (depending on the size of the aggregates) and the poor quality of the mortar attached to the aggregates, which can create areas of weakness in the concrete structure. From the regression results, it was found that there is a direct correlation between the physical and mechanical properties of different concretes indicated by the higher values of R-squared (R2 = 0.92).

The Effect of Russia's Invasion of Ukraine on Non-Human Animals: International Humanitarian Law Perspectives

AbstractSince Russia's full-scale aggression against Ukraine, there have been thousands of instances of civilian casualties, damage to the natural environment and cultural property, destruction of buildings and infrastructure, blockading of ports, siege, capturing installations containing dangerous forces, and other consequences that accompany hostilities. In addition to the fatalities related to humans (civilians and combatants alike) and their property or environment, the war in Ukraine has also accounted for non-human tolls – namely, the destruction of animals or damage to their habitats.The primary objective of this article is to study three patterns of animal suffering documented during Russia's invasion of Ukraine: (i) targeting zoos and killing zoo animals; (ii) extermination of the Black Sea dolphin population; and (iii) eating pigeons or other pets in besieged localities, and to analyse these patterns in the light of applicable rules of international humanitarian law (IHL).The idea of this research is to underline that war can have a significant effect on various categories of animals, and Russia's invasion of Ukraine is just another example of this. The article also discusses how, and the extent to which international law can provide protection for animals in armed conflict, and whether there are any gaps in the applicable IHL rules related to the protection of animals.

Assessment of the opportunities of demolition waste using as a building material of the future in Ukraine

The object of research is the potential of secondary use of waste from the destruction of buildings and structures, which were formed as a result of the military aggression of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. For Ukraine, the issue of demolition waste is critical at the level of environmental safety and ensuring the demand for building materials for the reclamation of Ukraine according to the principles of the circular economy. To date, there are no official methods that would allow to determine the exact amount of destruction and the quality of the material formed, which complicates the development of mechanisms for its utilization in production. The key industry considered during the research for disposal of demolition waste is the industry of construction materials production. In the course of research, it was determined that most of the generated waste is waste from the destruction of buildings and structures made of precast concrete, however, considering that these wastes are generated by the action of explosions from shells. It is very difficult to ensure their compliance with the requirements of current standards due to the inclusion that such waste can contain. Therefore, the problem considered by this study is the determination of the nature of waste from the destruction of buildings and structures, their physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics, in the context of the final applications of products based on them. The results of the study showed that when reproducing the concrete mix for tared concrete for civil purposes, which do not have high requirements for stability in aggressive operating conditions, when replacing natural aggregate crushed to a fraction of 5 to 20 mm, the requirements for concrete strength are achieved in the level of C40/50 strength class. But the rheological characteristics deteriorate due to the high absorption of water from the concrete mixture by the studied material. Research has shown that for further use in the production of ready-mixed concrete and precast concrete products, it is necessary to prepare demolition waste with a wide particle size distribution and low dust content. This can ensure a high level of recycling and meet the demand for concrete in the reconstruction of Ukraine. The fine aggregate from the demolition waste crushing process can be considered as secondary cementitious material for cement production.

Properties of recycled coarse aggregates obtained from crushed concrete waste

According to the Kyiv School of Economics as of January 2024, the losses from the destruction and damage of buildings and structures as a result of military actions in Ukraine amount to at least 75 billion dollars. Now contractors carrying out the liquidation of the consequences of armed aggression are required to take measures to reuse construction waste. Taking into account the presence of natural crushed stone in concrete scrap, the question arises about the possibility of using crushed concrete in new construction. During the design a concrete mixture it is necessary to know such characteristics of aggregates as grain size composition, bulk density, specific density, voids, strength.Three mixtures of concrete were designed and aseries of cube samples were made from them to determine the specified characteristics of recycledcoarse aggregate obtained from crushed concrete on local materials. At the appropriate age the samples of origin concrete were crushed using a laboratory jaw crusher.The results of sieve analyses showed that ungraded mixtures of fine and coarse fractions do not meet the requirements of national standard due to the large content of coarse fractions. At the same time, in general, the granulometric composition of only coarse fractions meets the requirements of standards in Ukraine. The obtained bulk densities and specific densities differ in different fractions with a large dispersion even within the same fraction. The strength of the aggregate decreases with a decrease in grain sizes. Thus, the main factor that has a decisive influence on the properties of RCA and concrete with their use is the presence of residual mortar. The smaller the fraction of the RCA, the higher the residual mortar content, up to individual grains that are entirely composed of it. Therefore, one of the methods of improving the properties of RCA is to reduce the content of the residual mortar.