Destination Position Research Articles

An Adaptive Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Robot Path Planning

This paper discusses an optimal path planning algorithm based on an Adaptive Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (AMOPSO) for two case studies. First case, single robot wants to reach a goal in the static environment that contain two obstacles and two danger source. The second one, is improving the ability for five robots to reach the shortest way. The proposed algorithm solves the optimization problems for the first case by finding the minimum distance from initial to goal position and also ensuring that the generated path has a maximum distance from the danger zones. And for the second case, finding the shortest path for every robot and without any collision between them with the shortest time. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm in term of finding the best solution, six benchmark test functions are used to make a comparison between AMOPSO and the standard MOPSO. The results show that the AMOPSO has a better ability to get away from local optimums with a quickest convergence than the MOPSO. The simulation results using Matlab 2014a, indicate that this methodology is extremely valuable for every robot in multi-robot framework to discover its own particular proper pa‌th from the start to the destination position with minimum distance and time.
 

Terug naar Sorokin?: een analyse van de dissociatiethese aan de hand van Diagonale Referentie Modellen

The dissociative thesis states that social mobility is an uprooting, and therefore detrimental, experience for the individual. Despite the absence of convincing empirical support, this thesis often seems to be commonly accepted in general sociological theory. In this article, I investigate this thesis and consider three dimensions of dissociation – i.e. social disorientation, utilitarian individualism and social isolation. I use data from a large-scale survey in Flanders (Belgium) (n = 2,849) and apply Diagonal Reference Models to study consequences of intergenerational social mobility. I find support for asymmetric acculturation for each dimension, i.e. upwardly mobile individuals adapt more to the social position of destination, compared to downwardly mobile individuals. Moreover, both for social disorientation and utilitarian individualism, I find detrimental effects of downward social mobility.

Elasticity of Demand a Critical Form Tourism Market Position: Understanding Zimbabwe Tourism Destination

The study investigated the concept of elasticity of demand in relation to Zimbabwe tourism destination performance. The main variables for analysis as drivers for elasticity of demand in Zimbabwe tourism destination have been identified as price charged, tourists’ disposable income, price of other related tourism destinations, marketing and media publicity. The study applied a triangulation research design (both quantitative and qualitative designs). The results of the research showed that price, disposable income and price of other related tourism destinations are critical in enhancing market position of the Zimbabwe tourism destination. Also tourism specified variables which are naturalistic and cultural originality have proved to be on the forefront in improving tourism demand. This is because they are tools which enhance decision making, pricing strategy, government tax levels and price discrimination. The research therefore recommended a low pricing strategy to meet the general economic affordability, aligning to the low disposable income of the locals and matching with the prices charged by other regional and international destinations so as to be competitive and gain market share. Original culture and sustainable management of natural resources have been regarded as pertinent drivers to improve tourism demand in Zimbabwe.

Intergenerational Occupational Mobility and Objective Physical Functioning in Midlife and Older Ages.

This study investigates the relationship between intergenerational occupational mobility and objective physical functioning in later life. Data come from The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TILDA), a nationally representative probability sample of 5,985 respondents aged 50 and older. Walking speed and grip strength are the functional health measures. The intergenerational occupational mobility measure characterizes origin and destination position as: professional/managerial, non-manual, skilled manual/semi-skilled, unskilled, never worked, and farmer. Results indicated no direct association of childhood origin with walking speed or grip strength in later life, except for individuals from farming backgrounds. Those who experienced upward mobility were comparable in speed and strength with those who enjoyed high status (e.g., stable professional/managerial origin and destination) at both time points, whereas the downwardly mobile were comparable with those who were stable across generations at lower occupational positions. The results did not support the central tenets of the accumulation hypothesis. Respondents from farming backgrounds exhibited a clear performance advantage irrespective of destination, which, we speculate, may represent a critical period effect. The mechanisms through which childhood origin affects health in later life are complex, but the position attained in adult life is most important. Intergenerational mobility is important only insofar as it leads to a destination occupation. The present findings suggest that the musculoskeletal system may accommodate environmental modification in adulthood.

A Green Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor Network

The routing information is hard to maintain and the energy is limited in highly dynamic wireless sensor network. To solve these problems, energy-saving geographic routing (ESGR) is proposed, which does not maintain the network topology and can save energy. A node broadcast its position information to its neighboring nodes before transmitting data. The neighboring nodes compute the position of the virtual relay node using the data transmitter position, the base station position and the energy consumption for circuits and propagation. The neighboring nodes determine whether to become the relay node through competition based on its position, the destination position and the virtual relay node position. The neighboring nodes compute the delay time distributedly according to the competition strategy. The neighboring node with the shortest delay time can respond to the data sender first and become the sole relay node. The handshake mechanism efficiently prevents the collision among the neighboring nodes during competition, which is of high communication efficiency. When a routing hole is found, the relay region is changed and an approaching destination relay strategy is adopted, which reduces the impact of routing holes. The simulation shows that the proposed algorithm is better than BLR, because of the lower energy consumption and lower packet loss ratio. The ESGR algorithm is more appropriate for highly dynamic wireless network.

The social gradient in preventive healthcare use: what can we learn from socially mobile individuals?

Little is known about the origins of the stratified nature of preventive health behaviour. In this paper, we introduce theory and methodology from the field of social mobility research. Intergenerational socially mobile individuals can provide insights into the central discussion about how health lifestyles or cultural health capital develop over the life course, as they have encountered different contexts of socialisation, each with its own characteristic health-related practices. We study the use of regular mammography screening by Belgian women using data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement and we operationalise social mobility as occupational mobility using the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88). By means of diagonal reference models, we are able to discern the effects of the social position of origin, the social position of destination and social mobility itself, contrary to the less rigorous linear regression approach that prevails in health behaviour research. As expected, the take up of mammography screening is strongly influenced by social position. It seems that both upwardly and downwardly mobile women adapt to the mammography screening practices in their position of destination. This study shows the potential for social mobility research to enrich the debate on health lifestyles.

Obstacle Avoidance Functions on Robot Mirosot in the Departement of Informatics of UPN “Veteran”

The robot is a machine that can perform physicalactivity repeatedly, either with human control or worksautomatically with the use of artificial intelligence. In the process,the robot can perform various kinds of sports, one of which is abranch of football. Robot football match organized by theFederation of International Robot-Soccer Association (FIRA)consists of several categories, one of which Micro Robot SoccerTournament (MiroSot). MiroSot is five to five games consisting of arobot measuring 7.5 cm x 7.5 cm x 7.5 cm were able to move andadapt to the environment without human intervention. CurrentlyInformatics UPN Veteran Yogyakarta began to develop MiroSotbut there are still some problems found that the movement of therobot is irregular, so that frequent collisions of the robot opponent.So it takes a function to avoid obstacles on the robot MiroSot.Capitalize knowledge of Obstacle Avoidance of the book SoccerRobotics [1], the function of avoiding obstacles using the potentialfield based navigation univector algorithm to determine the futurepath of the robot and dodge the functionality tailored to thecharacteristics of the robot MiroSot Information Engineering UPNVeteran Yogyakarta. The program is created usingprogramming language C ++ with Visual Studio 2008 IDE and sentto the robot from the main computer via radio frequency, the robotcan move properly using speed camera support above 50 framesper second as robot vision. Function to avoid obstacles on the robotdefender position MiroSot in the Departement Informatics of UPNVeteran Yogyakarta made this using the function position tomove towards the goal and using mathematical calculations todetermine the movement path avoiding obstacles based on potentialfield. In the development of this function can avoid obstacles in theform of a robot team, not only the robot opponent avoided. Whenthe moving speed of the robot was given control of the speeddepends on the distance of the destination position or positions arealso obstacles. The use of sensors gyroscrope expected to provide aneffective movement while avoiding obstacles. The success rate usinga gyroscope sensor to avoid obstacles on the position of defender of96% and the average time needed to reach the goal position at 5:33seconds so much faster.

Туристские дестинации: вопросы формирования маркетинговых стратегий

The article is connected with the main methods of the domestic tourist destination marketing strategy forming for realization it at the domestic and world markets. It’s materials shows a global characteristics of the tourists market and it’s influence at the Russian destination promotion and the position conditions. The tourist destination position and promotion system is represented as an action direction with a common conceptual line, connected with each other. Product placement, tourist’s call-centers, QR-code technology, national tourist offices, internet-promotion content and TV-content, polygraph content of different format, polylinguistic SMART-application are represented as the strategic marketing actions realization tools with direct or aid return connection. The article tells us about the marketing destination strategy forming and realization in Russia problem revealing. Of course, the marketing destination strategy has to be developed in the context of the national tourist product promoting federal measures. The article contents the federal marketing strategy formation principles. Moreover, it is mentioned a low expenses methods of positioning and promoting. More in the article was scrutinized the tradition and proactive content-marketing methods. It’s determined the purposes consumer audience studies aimed on the directions determination of the search optimization, priorities within the tourist SMART-applications and mobile navigation systems development. The article contents the marketing strategy destination typical structure with step-by-step plan of forming and implementation.

Social mobility and cultural dissonance

Cultural omnivorousness has been associated with the cultural tolerance or cosmopolitanism of the upper social strata. Building on a large-scale survey in Flanders (Belgium) (n=2849), we find that dissonant taste profiles—i.e., the combination of musical genres from different brow-levels, of which omnivorousness is one manifestation—are not only characteristic of the social elites. These profiles are also present in lower social strata and are partly the result of social mobility: Both upwardly, as well as downwardly, socially mobile individuals include cultural activities characteristic of the social position of origin and destination in their cultural profiles. We argue that the omnipresence of this “cultural dissonance” questions the idea that tolerance and cosmopolitanism are exclusive characteristics of higher social strata and that boundary-crossing per se functions as a status-marker.

CPRM: Cooperative Position based Routing scheme for MANETs

A mobile ad hoc network is a wireless communication network, where nodes that are not within direct transmission range of each other will require other nodes to forward data. Routing is difficult in MANET because mobility may cause radio links to break frequently. Mobile nodes keep changing their position in an unpredictable manner. A routing algorithm must keep track of the destination's position and modify routes whenever the old routes become stale. In a high mobility MANET, although every mode can move freely, they usually follow some mobility patterns. Fast changes of topology increases the complexity of routing. Due to mobility of the nodes to another location, some of the data packets will be missed and does not deliver the data packets to the destination in a reliable manner. This project proposes a Cooperative Position based Routing scheme for mobile ad hoc networks (CPRM). In this, the routing is carried out based on the positions of nodes in the network. The main objective of this project is to achieve the reliable data delivery in the network. In this scheme, the source node finds a forwarder node from its neighbor list, for transmitting data. The forwarder in turn finds the next forwarder and this process continues until the destination is reached. Performance of the proposed system is compared with that of AODV using Network Simulator.

Joint routing and location-based service in VANETs

Geographic routing protocols use location information when they need to route packets. In the meantime, location information are maintained by location-based services provided by network nodes in a distributed manner. Routing and location services are very related but are used separately. Therefore, the overhead of the location-based service is not considered when we evaluate the geographic routing overhead. Our aim is to combine routing protocols with location-based services in order to reduce communication establishment latency and routing overhead.Our main contribution is to reduce the location overhead. Thus, we propose two combinations: (1) a geographic routing protocol with GLS called Hybrid Routing and Grid Location Service (HRGLS) and (2) a geographic routing protocol with HLS denoted Hybrid Routing and Hierarchical Location Service (HRHLS), where instead of launching an exact position request, we send the packet to the old destination position and when the packet is approaching the former position, we request the exact one.The complexity of the location query cost in both proposed schemes is O(logN), while it is O(N) in the case of HLS and GLS. Simulation results also confirm the complexity analysis and show promising results in terms of latency, packet delivery ratio and control message overhead.

Cultural chameleons

This article investigates whether the cultural practices of socially mobile individuals are predominantly associated with social position of origin or with social position of destination. Using data representative of the Flemish population of Belgium ( n = 2,849), we find evidence of a substantial association with the social position of destination, which we argue to be both profound and superficial. By contrasting private and public practices, we find that (1) both private and public practices are predominantly related to social position of destination and (2) that public practices are more strongly correlated with social position of destination than private practices. This suggests that underlying cultural preferences are mainly associated with the secondary socialization context and, moreover, that in the public sphere socially mobile individuals overstress their conformity – probably to fit in – and in a way become cultural chameleons.

Grid Based Path Planning Using CNN & Artificial Potential Field Method

This proposed path planning method combines cellular neural network (CNN) with artificial potential field approach. The fundamental operation based on CNN gray scale image processing and artificial potential is the additional approach for global path-planning. Every point of the environment has a potential value with respect to start and destination position. In the trajectory planning process, a minimum search of potential value of every surrounding neighbor points around a point is done and the neighbor point with the least minimum value is selected as the next location. This procedure is repeated until the goal point is reached. The advantage of using CNN based image processing with artificial potential field function in a vision system is its effectiveness in robot localization while the use of minimum potential value gives a simple yet efficient path planning method. Their feedback criterion is similar to a procedure in filtering the image and it frequently updates the information about obstacles and free path. The parallel processing properties of CNN makes the proposed method robust for real time application.

BAHG: Back-Bone-Assisted Hop Greedy Routing for VANET's City Environments

Using advanced wireless local area network technologies, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have become viable and valuable for their wide variety of novel applications, such as road safety, multimedia content sharing, commerce on wheels, etc. Multihop information dissemination in VANETs is constrained by the high mobility of vehicles and the frequent disconnections. Currently, geographic routing protocols are widely adopted for VANETs as they do not require route construction and route maintenance phases. Again, with connectivity awareness, they perform well in terms of reliable delivery. To obtain destination position, some protocols use flooding, which can be detrimental in city environments. Further, in the case of sparse and void regions, frequent use of the recovery strategy elevates hop count. Some geographic routing protocols adopt the minimum weighted algorithm based on distance or connectivity to select intermediate intersections. However, the shortest path or the path with higher connectivity may include numerous intermediate intersections. As a result, these protocols yield routing paths with higher hop count. In this paper, we propose a hop greedy routing scheme that yields a routing path with the minimum number of intermediate intersection nodes while taking connectivity into consideration. Moreover, we introduce back-bone nodes that play a key role in providing connectivity status around an intersection. Apart from this, by tracking the movement of source as well as destination, the back-bone nodes enable a packet to be forwarded in the changed direction. Simulation results signify the benefits of the proposed routing strategy in terms of high packet delivery ratio and shorter end-to-end delay.

Position based Routing in Mobile Adhoc Networks

wireless multi-hop networks (AHWMNs) are communication networks that consist of wireless nodes, placed together in an ad hoc manner, i.e. with minimal prior planning. All nodes in the network have routing capabilities and forward data packets for other nodes in multi-hop fashion. AHWMNs pose substantially different challenges to routing protocols than more traditional wired networks. AHWMN routing protocols are classified as topology-based, position- based. Topology-based routing protocols use the information about the links that exist in the network to perform packet forwarding. Position based routing is a routing principle that relies on geographic information. Position-based routing algorithms require information about the physical position of the participating node. Commonly, each node determines its own position through the use of Global Positioning System (GPS). Decisions made based on destination position and position of forwarding nodes neighbours. A location service is used by the sender of packet to determine the position of the destination and to include it in the packet destination address. The Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol is a novel routing protocol for wireless datagram networks. Greedy perimeter stateless routing is based on greedy packet forwarding to forward packets to nodes that always progressively closer to the destination in each step using local information. Thus, each node forwards the message to the neighbours that are most suitable from a local point of view. Greedy forwarding can lead into a dead end, way there is no neighbour closer to the destination. The algorithm recovers by routing around the perimeter of the region by keeping state only about the local topology; GPSR scales better in per- router state than shortest path and ad hoc routing protocols as the number of network destination increases. Under mobility's frequent topology changes, GPSR can use local topology information to find correct new routes quickly. In this paper performance of GPSR with the Ad hoc On demand distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol is compared.

Self-Adaptive On-Demand Geographic Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

It has been a big challenge to develop a routing protocol that can meet different application needs and optimize routing paths according to the topology changes in mobile ad hoc networks. Basing their forwarding decisions only on local topology, geographic routing protocols have drawn a lot of attentions in recent years. However, there is a lack of holistic design for geographic routing to be more efficient and robust in a dynamic environment. Inaccurate local and destination position information can lead to inefficient geographic forwarding and even routing failure. The use of proactive fixed-interval beaconing to distribute local positions introduces high overhead when there is no traffic and cannot capture the topology changes under high mobility. It is also difficult to preset protocol parameters correctly to fit in different environments. In this work, we propose two self-adaptive on-demand geographic routing schemes which build efficient paths based on the need of user applications and adapt to various scenarios to provide efficient and reliable routing. To alleviate the impact due to inaccurate local topology knowledge, the topology information is updated at a node in a timely manner according to network dynamics and traffic demand. On-demand routing mechanism in both protocols reduces control overhead compared to the proactive schemes which are normally adopted in current geographic routing protocols. Additionally, our route optimization scheme adapts the routing path according to both topology changes and actual data traffic requirements. Furthermore, adaptive parameter setting scheme is introduced to allow each node to determine and adjust the protocol parameter values independently according to different network environments, data traffic conditions, and node's own conditions. Our simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed routing protocols are more robust and outperform the existing geographic routing protocol and conventional on-demand routing protocols under various conditions including different mobilities, node densities, traffic loads, and destination position inaccuracies. Specifically, the proposed protocols could reduce the packet delivery latency up to 80 percent as compared to GPSR at high mobility. Both routing protocols could achieve about 98 percent delivery ratios, avoid incurring unnecessary control overhead, have very low forwarding overhead and transmission delay in all test scenarios.

Effect of network parameters on neighbor wireless link breaks in GPSR protocol and enhancement using mobility prediction model

The greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR) protocol is a well-known position-based routing protocol. Data packet routing in position-based routing protocols uses the neighbors' geographical position information, which is stored in the sender's neighbors list, and the destination's position information stored in the routing data packet header field to route the packet from source to destination. In the GPSR protocol, the sender routes the packets to a neighboring node, whose geographical position is the closest to the destination of all the sender's neighbors. However, the selected neighbor is closer to the edge of the maximum of the sender's transmission range and thus has a higher likelihood of leaving the transmission range of the sender. Thus, the wireless link between the sender node and its routing neighboring node may break down, which degrades the performance of the routing protocol. In this study, we identify and study the effects of network parameters (beacon packet interval-time, node speed, network density, transmission range, and network area size) on wireless link breakage, identified as the neighbor wireless link break (NWLB) problem, in the GPSR protocol. To overcome the NWLB problem, we propose a neighbor wireless link break prediction (NWLBP) model. The NWLBP model predicts the accurate position of a routing neighboring node in the sender's neighbors list before routing the data packet to that neighbor. The simulation results show the ability of the NWLBP model to overcome the observed problem and to improve the overall performance of the GPSR protocol.

Random mobility and the evolution of cooperation in spatial [formula omitted]-player iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma games

We study the effects of random mobility on the evolution of cooperation in a spatial version of the N-player Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma game, where individuals are located on a two-dimensional regular lattice with periodic boundary conditions. The probability that an individual moves from its current location is based on the amount of time it has occupied a given position and the relative fitness values of the individual occupying the destination position. Our results show that random movement can promote cooperative behaviour in N-player games. In some circumstances, random mobility enhances system-wide cooperation levels when compared to the static model. However, the outcome is strictly dependent on the cost-to-benefit ratio and the range of movement. An analysis of the population dynamics suggests that the convergence rate of the model (i.e., the time for the population to reach an equilibrium state) is faster with mobility in place. Our findings help to further understand the relationship between mobility and evolving game-playing strategies in spatially structured populations, especially when efficient collective actions matter.

Tourism Destination Competitiveness-between Two Flags

The study aims to provide a better understanding of destination competitiveness and elements that affect competitive position of a tourism destination. The research is design as a comparative study of Slovenia and Serbia. For analysing a competitiveness of mentioned destinations, the Integrated model of destination competitiveness was used. The results showed that both destinations are considered to be more competitive in its natural, cultural, and created resources, but less competitive in the destination management and, according to the Integrated model, demand conditions. Based on these findings, relevant proposals are made in order to improve competitive positions of destinations.

Proof of Concept of Embedded Solution in Auto-Navigation Destination and Vehicle Collision Avoidance

Proof of Concept of Embedded Solution in Auto-Navigation Destination and Vehicle Collision Avoidance is realization idea which produces evidence that the concept and the feasibility of the auto-navigation and collision avoidance without human drive can be proved and justified. The vehicle will be able to navigate itself automatically to the desired destination. Besides auto-navigation, the two vehicles will also have the capability to avoid collisions with each other using wireless communication via Zigbee. For auto-navigation, the vehicle will move a certain distance forward and calculate its latitude, longitude and its bearing values with relative to the destination point. For the collision avoidance, each vehicle will be equipped with the XBee 802.15.4 transceiver whereby they will transmit and receive their current position and predict whether both of them will collide or not along the way. The experimental results showed that the vehicles are able to auto-navigate to the intended location within a destination position arriving tolerance of ±5m radius range. The Zigbee wireless communication is also successfully implemented and was able to transmit and receive data at long distances (45 m for non-light of sight and 60m for line of sight).