Human Desire Research Articles

How Do We Identify Anthropogenic Allee Effects in the Wildlife Trade?

ABSTRACTThe harvest and sale of wildlife can drive species to extinction when consumers are willing to pay high prices for the last harvested individuals of a very rare species, a phenomenon known as the anthropogenic Allee effect (AAE). Because demand for rarity is an inherent human desire, the AAE has the potential to affect a wide range of exploited species across several geographic regions. Here, we assess the current extent of empirical evidence for the AAE, how such evidence has been measured, and how this evidence interfaces with existing models of the AAE. We find substantial gaps in the empirical evidence base for the AAE and suggest that this deficit prevents assessment of the AAE in species extinctions. We provide a framework for generating empirical evidence that can identify when the AAE is likely occurring or has the potential to occur in the future, and recommend directions for both empirical and theoretical modeling research designed to strengthen our ability to forecast the ecological and market conditions that result in an AAE.

Media frames, AI romantic relationships, and the perspectives of people in relationships; mapping and comparing news media themes with user perspectives

ABSTRACT Human romantic relationships with artificially intelligent (AI) conversational agents and anthropomorphic computers have long been the realm of science fiction. As companies like Luka, Inc. are developing embodied conversational agents called Replika, people’s ability to engage in romantic relationships has garnered news coverage around the phenomenon. Because news is often a place where emerging technologies are first introduced, it is essential to understand the choice of topics and themes these stories focus on (e.g., the ethics of technological development, human desires and vulnerabilities, and what constitutes meaningful and authentic connection). Similarly, the extent to which these articles include user perspectives and how users respond to these frames is also less well understood. This article reports on a mixed-method study that combines content analysis of news articles in 2023 about Replika (1008 search results, n = 104 unique articles) and qualitative semi-structured interviews with users in romantic relationships with their Replika (n = 16), recruited from the Reddit forum ‘ILoveMyReplika.’ Through a frame analysis of these news stories and coding for the types of futures they present, this study first examines some of the key events, themes, and hopes/fears reported in mass media. A thematic analysis of the interview data offers a comparative study to see where there is some overlap between these hopes/fears and user experiences and places where user reports diverge, downplay, and dispute the media characterizations. These studies help us better understand the interrelationship between media narratives, technological frames, and moral panics around a unique subset of and relationship with AI technologies.

“Let faith oust fact; let fancy oust memory”: Melville, Media and Narratives

Herman Melville’s birthday (On August 1, 1819) was a foreshadowing gesture of the present special issue, having come out of a long –somewhat protracted— collaboration, which coincides with the original publication of Moby-Dick: The Whale on October 18, 1851. The Journal of Narrative and Language Studies takes the opportunity to celebrate Melville’s resonating myth of the human being at the threshold of posthumanism, which explored the human psyche and mysterious potentials from dignity to evil, having been protracted for centuries but eventually led to oblivion. Since the time when he thoroughly, painstakingly, peculiarly created Moby-Dick” and crafted a world of consuming human desire that represents the universal human condition, readers, writers, and artists have been enormously inspired to envisage, fancy, create, design and produce verbal or nonverbal arts in the form of visual works or other means of imagination.

The Ecstasy of Desire: Some Notes on Asceticism and the Church of England's Living in Love and Faith

Recently the General Synod of the Church of England agreed to approve liturgical resources— Prayers of Love and Faith—for blessing same-sex couples. This decision was the result of a long process of discernment concerning matters of sexuality and identity called Living in Love and Faith. This article aims to critique some of the background ethical and theological assumptions at work in the Living in Love and Faith resources, specifically the way the role of asceticism is conceived in them. I argue that while there are promising references to formation of desire through discipline and restraint in the LLF resources, their ascetic intuitions remain limited to world-related goods, neglecting the significance of bodily practices for God-related goods and for our final flourishing. Paying attention to the theological dimensions of Christian ascetic practice will also reveal the importance of concrete limitations for ascetic formation of desire. I argue that such limits are required for unravelling the transcendent capacities of human desire. At the end of the article, I make some suggestions as to how the revitalisation of not just ethical but theological ascetic praxis can be helpful in navigating the Church of England's current disagreement with respect to same-sex unions.

PARADIGMA PENDIDIKAN KRITIS PAULO FREIRE DAN RELEVANSINYA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN HUMANIS DI INDONESIA

Education is the main sector in human resource development. So that education becomes an important part of human life. Through education humans can also find identity, hone potential, and improve the quality of life. This is inseparable from human desires that are free and independent in determining what kind of education they need. However, this seems to be a paradox by looking at the educational phenomenon which actually hinders the potential possessed by students with various dehumanization practices. Therefore, this study traces the thoughts of Paulo Freire with the idea of ​​critical education. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a philosophical hermeneutic approach. The results of this study indicate that Paulo Freire is a critical education figure, who succeeded in dismantling the conventional educational model which tends to dehumanize. Conventional education actually views students as passive objects, each empty and must be regulated. Freire calls it the banking of education system. Notes from Freire's thoughts can be used as a reference in developing a humanist education system in Indonesia, namely by prioritizing students as the center of learning and recognizing students have diverse characters and potential. A teacher in humanist education acts as a facilitator by guiding students to be themselves.

외국의 사교육 수요시장 및 수요관리 정책 동향 분석

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze foreign private tutoring demand markets and demand management policy trends. The aim was to present implications necessary for managing the domestic private tutoring market. [Methods] In this study, using 103 domestic and foreign research materials, domestic and foreign private tutoring demand markets were analyzed in terms of participation rates of private tutoring, gaps in private tutoring expenses between classes, participation backgrounds and its purposes, and response measures and policies trends for private tutoring demand management were further analyzed as well. [Results] First, the participation rate results of private tutoring over all showed increasing trends across East and West countries regardless of rich or poor, capitalist or socialist, and its more increase due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The participation rates of private tutoring was higher among students with parents in socioeconomic status, who lived in cities, and had top grades, and the gaps in private tutoring expenses between classes were a factor causing social imbalance. Second, the backgrounds and purposes of participating in private tutoring were being formed by being linked to current or changing education, social culture, economy and policy. Although they were somewhat different depending on the education systems and overall conditions of each country, there was the common ground arisen from parents' human nature and desire who wanted their children to live a stable life in the future. While the backgrounds and purposes of private tutoring participation were driven from expectations for usefulness of private tutoring, it partially led to the factor causing the harmful effects of private tutoring. Third, each government's measures and policies for private tutoring demand management were somewhat different depending on the government's perspective on private tutoring and its level of the economy, but those most representative ones included strengthening public education, expanding after-school and care services, supporting the vulnerable social group, improving tests in schools and entrance examination systems, and reforming curricula in schools. These policies lowered students' burden of learning and parents' burden of educating and raising their children, but did not produce clear results in reducing the demand for and dependence on private tutoring. [Conclusion] In order to manage the private tutoring demand market, the multifaceted and complex aspects surrounding private tutoring must be understood deeply, and realistic policies suitable for interests of individuals and their society must be established through evaluations of the harmfulness and usefulness of private tutoring.

Freedom and Bondage: An Interpretation of the Concept of Freedom in Middlemarch

George Eliot, a renowned female writer and philosopher of the Victorian era, significantly embodied her philosophical ideas within her novels. The characters in Middlemarch relentlessly pursue freedom amidst the constraints of human nature, legal frameworks, and personal desires. This paper posits a remarkable resonance between George Eliot’s concept of freedom in Middlemarch and Baruch de Spinoza’s interpretation of freedom in his philosophical work, Ethica. However, Eliot’s creation of Middlemarch was not intended to serve as a vehicle for Spinoza’s view of freedom. Spinoza’s concept of freedom provided solid theoretical support for Eliot’s literary creation, and based on this, Eliot deepened the concept of freedom within Middlemarch, demonstrating her profound understanding and development of Spinoza’s ideas. Furthermore, this paper also reveals the complex societal issues and sharp human contradictions highlighted in the characters’ pursuits of freedom in Middlemarch. By analyzing Eliot’s thoughts on freedom and examining the influence of Spinoza’s view of freedom on her creation, this paper aims to open up a new path to help readers gain a more comprehensive grasp of Eliot’s philosophical ideas and the implications embedded within her literary oeuvre.

Freedom and Bondage: An Interpretation of the Concept of Freedom in Middlemarch

George Eliot, a renowned female writer and philosopher of the Victorian era, significantly embodied her philosophical ideas within her novels. The characters in Middlemarch relentlessly pursue freedom amidst the constraints of human nature, legal frameworks, and personal desires. This paper posits a remarkable resonance between George Eliot’s concept of freedom in Middlemarch and Baruch de Spinoza’s interpretation of freedom in his philosophical work, Ethica. However, Eliot’s creation of Middlemarch was not intended to serve as a vehicle for Spinoza’s view of freedom. Spinoza’s concept of freedom provided solid theoretical support for Eliot’s literary creation, and based on this, Eliot deepened the concept of freedom within Middlemarch, demonstrating her profound understanding and development of Spinoza’s ideas. Furthermore, this paper also reveals the complex societal issues and sharp human contradictions highlighted in the characters’ pursuits of freedom in Middlemarch. By analyzing Eliot’s thoughts on freedom and examining the influence of Spinoza’s view of freedom on her creation, this paper aims to open up a new path to help readers gain a more comprehensive grasp of Eliot’s philosophical ideas and the implications embedded within her literary oeuvre.

Being understood

AbstractPhilosophical work in the ethics of thought focuses heavily on the ethics of belief, with, in recent years, a particular emphasis on the ways in which we might wrong other people either through our beliefs about them, or our failure to believe what they tell us. Yet in our own lives we often want not merely to be believed, but rather to be understood by others. What does it take to understand another person? In this paper, I provide an account of interpersonal understanding that speaks to this widespread human desire to be understood by others. On the view I defend, to be understood by another person is for them to see our motivating reasons as justifying reasons, whether or not they actually take our reasons to have that normative force. I then provide an explanation of why such understanding is valuable in our lives, which emphasizes how being understood by another person is a way of being more fully with them.

Salish Perspectives on Human–Plant Relationships: Embracing Authenticity and Complexity

This paper explores the intricate relationship between humans and plants from the perspective of Salish concepts, shedding light on the tradition of attributing human-desired qualities to the botanical world. Although plants possess traits that appeal to human desires, it is essential to recognize their inherent distinction from humans. Through historical utilization by Salish communities, a spiritual reciprocal bond has been established, necessitating the adherence to human-like protocols to maintain a symbiotic relationship. However, this exploration advocates against romanticizing this relationship, as it has the potential to foster internal stereotyping while leading to external discrepancies in philosophical pursuits. By carefully examining Salish practices from past to present, an emphasis is placed on the significance of comprehending and respecting the uniqueness of plant life. Through this analysis, the primary goal is to enhance our understanding of the profound connection between humans and plants while embracing the authenticity and complexity of this relationship. Appreciating the true nature of the bond can offer valuable insights into sustainable coexistence with the botanical world and contribute to fostering a more balanced and respectful relationship between humans and the natural environment.

Homo Crispr and the Uncanny Art of Self-Reproduction

Selected classic 19th-and 20th-century fictional texts, I argue, function as imaginative precursors of material fusions, either by prosthetic integration in the sense of repurposed imperfection or by internalizing genetic perfection, creating homo crispr. E.T.A. HOFFMANN’s dark literary tale The Sandman (1816), MARY SHELLEY’s gothic proto-science fiction Frankenstein (1818), VILLIER DE L’ISLE-ADAM’s fin de siècle Tomorrow’s Eve (1886), and ANGELA CARTER’s carnivalesque The Passion of New Eve (1977) position the artificial other as both an externalization of the human desire for perfection in an uncanny act of autoerotic, poetic-scientific self-fertilization and as a reverse image of the composite self. They not only disrupt the perception of the other as external, but the subtexts, I contend, pre-empt this fusion of self and other that, in the logic of 21st-century discourse’s revaluation of imperfection, diversity, and dis/abilities, life sciences seek to realize with the imminent spectre of homo crispr’s dissolved material self/other boundaries.

TRÁFICO ILICITO DE ANIMAIS SILVESTRES

Animal trafficking has been gaining momentum in Brazil and, as a result of this crime, it has become one of the main causes of threats to animals, endangered species and biodiversity. The illegal trade in these animals is the third largest trafficking, behind only arms and drug trafficking, with exorbitant numbers of animals exploited, with approximately 38 million animals being removed from Brazil each year. It is estimated that for every 10 animals stolen from their natural habitat, 9 do not survive due to the precarious conditions they are subjected to during transportation, which is one of the main reasons for the threat to biodiversity. Since this is a crime that produces several negative effects and occurs mostly to satisfy human desires, stricter laws need to be regulated to reduce this crime, considering that in addition to the low routine imposed, sometimes the penalty is not properly applied, leaving the crime unpunished so that the act continues and more animals become victims of this situation. The topic of animal trafficking involves several fields, going beyond the possible loss of biodiversity, such as violation of animal welfare, ecology, law, biology, public health, mistreatment, ethics, among others, thus offering a possible opportunity for comprehensive and multidisciplinary research, enriching academic knowledge and bringing more visibility to the subject. The study of this topic contributes to the understanding and awareness about environmental protection, in addition to affecting not only ecosystems, but also social, economic and public health consequences. In view of the facts mentioned, investigating this problem can help identify solutions to mitigate its negative impacts on society.

Evaluate the Dynamic response of Buildings to Seismic Forces, Considering the Interaction between human Occupants and Structural vibrations

Damage to buildings and other structures may occur when dynamic loads, caused by earthquake vibrations, drive the ground and everything related to it to shake in a complicated way. Civil engineers are always thinking of new methods to deal with this inevitable problem. Humans put stress on a variety of buildings, including floors, footbridges, stadiums, and more. Modern material and manufacturing technology, together with human desire for aesthetics, have made it possible to build long span structures like bridges, stadiums, floors, etc. that are sleek, lightweight, and slim. To dampen a structure's dynamic reaction, engineers use devices called (TMDs), which consist of a mass and a spring, are tuned mass dampers. When it comes to managing the structural reactions to wind and harmonic excitations, Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) is the way to go. Specifically, the shear beam and 1D lumped-mass beams are the models under consideration. The main purpose of this piece is to demonstrate how methods that use records of ambient vibration may enhance and supplement seismic risk assessments of preexisting structures. To compare the structure's reaction with and without TMD, or tuned mass damper, is mounted on the building's exterior. Using a model calculated from outside vibrations and recorded within the structure, we were able to effectively compare the building's motion to a fake ground motion. It was also determined the inter-storey drift and the stiffness of each floor.

중국 단편 수묵 애니메이션 <구스 마운틴>(2023)의 주제 표현에 대한 연구

Since the 1990s, traditional Chinese ink animation has declined due to its complexity, lack of entertainment value, and high production costs. Although digital technology has been introduced to innovate, there remains the problem of the pictorial nature of ink painting being sacrificed for the spatiotemporal characteristics of animation. Therefore, this paper explores human desire and nature through the character portrayal and mountain shaping in Goose Mountain. The director combines the traditional ink painting technique of “Cunfa (皴法),” Western sketching, the characteristics of the French Left Bank cinema movement, and the theory of “Breaking the Fourth Wall” to portray the characters. In doing so, Goose Mountain inherits the tradition of the “Chinese Animation School” while adapting to the development of the digital age, embracing Western film and animation techniques, and reflecting the creative ideology of “using Chinese essence with Western methods.” Through this ideology, Goose Mountain maintains the unique traditional aesthetics of Chinese ink animation—“the integration of virtual and real (虚实相生)”—while achieving a strong visual effect. As a result, Goose Mountain balances various artistic styles, reflecting the modern human condition of “worrying about gain and loss before obtaining something, and worrying about losing it after obtaining it.” Ultimately, it conveys the lesson that “life is like a rootless plant, drifting like dust on the road.” Based on this theme, this paper presents a viable visual strategy for the modern entertainment market while inheriting the culture of traditional Chinese ink painting.

Ecological restoration of historical monuments (With a Focus on the Restoration of Chogha Zanbil)

Architecture has always been an art wherein one can observe the traces of human desires, goals, and behavioral patterns throughout history. Iran, a land of ancient heritage, is rich in architectural elements, historical spaces, and monuments, which not only hold a powerful presence in the realm of Iranian culture but also serve as a means to revive and expand historical and cultural connections with the past. This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach alongside field observations to address the subject of restoring historical monuments and its significance and necessity for preserving the historical fabric of Iranian architecture. The approach taken in this study is ecological restoration. We aim to illustrate not only the architectural characteristics and features of the unique earthen structure of Chogha Zanbil but also to assess the countless possibilities offered by this ecological method of preserving and maintaining historical structures. The findings indicate that the ecological restoration of the Chogha Zanbil ziggurat, on one hand, preserves the historical-cultural and religious authenticity of the site, and on the other hand, reflects the cultural relationship between the architectural space of the ziggurat and the surrounding environmental elements of these historical monuments.

Artificial Intelligence and Psychoanalysis: A New Concept of Research Methodology

The recent high performance of ChatGPT on several standardized academic tests has thrust the topic of artificial intelligence (AI) into the mainstream conversation about the future of education. As deep learning is poised to shift the teaching paradigm, it is essential to have a clear understanding of its effects on the current education system to ensure sustainable development and deployment of AI-driven technologies at schools and universities. Hence, AI behavior cannot be fully understood without human and social sciences. After the imaginary and symbolic registers, AI is the third register of identification. Therefore, AI extends the movement that is at work in the Lacanian interpretation of the mirror stage and Oedipus complex and which Latour’s reading helps us to clarify. From this point of view, I describe an AI system as a set of three contrasting forces: the human desire for identification, logic, and machinery. In the “Miscomputation and information” section, I show how this interpretative model improves our understanding of AI. Systematic research on psychoanalytic treatments has been limited by several factors, including a belief that clinical experience can demonstrate the effectiveness of psychoanalysis, rendering systematic research unnecessary, the view that psychoanalytic research would be difficult or impossible to accomplish, and a concern that research would distort the treatment being delivered.

Partisi Ruang Berdasarkan Kebutuhan Pengguna Dengan Konsep Industrial

Along with the development of the era, human desires for housing are increasingly diverse, where houses are not only for carrying out daily activities and carrying on life, but also become a means of inspiration and indicate social levels in the community. The design object to be appointed is the residence of Mr. Antok Suharno which is located in the village of Mulyorejo, Mojosongo District, Boyolali Regency. The residence previously did not have a concept, the Industrial concept became the design theme plan to be implemented. The design objective is to create privacy for the living room and dining room that meets user comfort in accordance with the comfort theory by presenting a partition, functioning as a separator as well as maintaining privacy and presenting decorative value between the living room and dining room. The data collection method is by surveying, measuring and documenting the location of Mr. Antok Suharno's residence, collecting user data for each room and interviewing Mr. Antok Suharno as the owner of the house. Partitions designed to apply materials in accordance with the Industrial concept, namely with black hollow iron material, multiplex and vinyl finishing with wood motifs. The results of the partition design have a length of 180cm, a width of 30cm and a height of 200cm.

KAFAAH DALAM PERNIKAHAN UNTUK MEMBENTUK KEHARMONISAN RUMAH TANGGA

Islam encourages forming a family, marriage is His Sunnah. Marriage is also a servant's way of getting closer to the Creator, provided that he marries the right person. Because family is like a small picture in life that fulfills human desires, without eliminating needs. This research uses qualitative research methods with a literature study approach. Research findings show that forming a harmonious and harmonious family is everyone's desire. Marriage is not only about fulfilling instincts and sharing material desires, but more than that there are various tasks that must be fulfilled, both psychologically, spiritually and socially which must be responsibilities. Including things that must be fulfilled, namely Kafa'ah. Kafa'ah in marriage, according to Islamic legal terms, is balance and harmony between the prospective wife and husband in terms of social, moral and economic levels, so that each candidate does not find it difficult to enter into marriage. Kafa'ah in marriage regarding household harmony is seen from several criteria that are taken into consideration, such as religion, lineage, assets, profession and also physical absence of defects. The influence of kafa'ah in marriage can be seen from several criteria in choosing a life partner.

The Concept of the Soul (Nafs) in the Philosophical-Thesavvuf Discourse

At the very beginning of the paper, the historicity of the human desire for the Truth was pointed out, with a special reference to the concept of tasawwuf as a way of searching for the Truth within the Muslim religious tradition. An explanation of the concept of Tasawwuf, as well as its historical development and certain teachings that are practiced within the twelve present Tasawwuf (Dervish-Sufi) orders, was presented. On that occasion, it was pointed out that in the Tasawwuf tradition, the path to knowledge is as important as the knowledge itself (Truth), and according to that, in this paper we especially tried to clarify the organs of cognition: ruh (spirit), aql (mind), qalb (illuminated heart), fu’ad (spiritual heart), hiyal (spiritual imagination) and nafs (soul). Special attention was paid to the concept of the soul (soul) as an organ of cognition, where the existence of seven levels of mental cognition was highlighted. Namely, in the Tasawwuf tradition, seven levels of the soul are mentioned, and those are: “the soul that is inclined to evil” (an-nafs al-Ammara), above which is the “soul that chastises itself” (an-nafs al-Lawwama), which is below the “inspired soul” (an-nafs al-Mulhimma). After the third stage, the spiritual journey moves along paths from “calm” (an-nafs al-Mutmainna), through “satisfied” (an-nafsar-Radiyya) and “one with whom God is pleased” (an-nafs al-Mardiyya) to “pure souls” (an-nafs as-Safiyya, or an-nafs al-Kemaliyya). At the very end of the work, the significance of the spiritual journey (as-sayr as-suluq) is emphasized, during which the dervish, through the spiritual struggle (muyahed) with himself and his personal passions, rises to the cognitive horizons where nothing exists but the Almighty God.

Urban human needs: conceptual framework to promoting urban city fulfills human desires

Urban human needs: conceptual framework to promoting urban city fulfills human desires