Desired End Result Research Articles

Preoperative 3D Microvascular Decompression Simulation

Preoperative surgical simulation via three-dimensional fusion computer graphics models have been widely accepted as a legitimate means of securing the diagnosis and treatment effectiveness of neurovascular compression. The authors discussed three factors of surgical simulation as being 1. Knowing the anatomical relationship, 2. Knowing the desirable end result of surgical intervention, and 3. Knowing how to design surgical interventions to achieve such desirable end results. Satisfying each factor requires distinct functionality from the software used in the surgical simulation. As per the imaging study used to construct the multimodal computer graphic models, CT scan and MR are usually sufficient, although renal function-permitting contrast enhancement can be a feasible option for depicting minute vessels in particular. There are three major steps in building three-dimensional fusion computer graphics models:1. Image interpretation, 2. co-registration, and 3. Segmentation. Each step comprises an essential part that must be handled with care. The segmentation step is where rigorous technological advancement takes place, although classical techniques, such as the seeded region growing method or the multi-threshold method, are still practically important. Regarding surgical simulation after three-dimensional model construction, technical challenges concerning large deformations should be recognized to ensure non-nonsense surgical simulation.

Study of the Influence of the Copper Component's Shape on the Properties of the Friction Material Used in Brakes-Part One, Tribological Properties.

Brakes play an extremely important role in any vehicle. In today's automotive industry, friction brakes are most often used, in which the composite material of the brake pad cooperates with a cast iron disc. While little can be modified in the case of discs, in the case of pads, the composition of the material used for its production can have an almost unlimited number of possibilities. Both scientists and manufacturers invent and test new combinations to achieve the desired end result. A similar task was undertaken in this work. Bearing in mind the fact that materials commonly used as reinforcing materials generate undesirable threats in the production process, it was decided to check whether this role could be taken over by another substance that is already present in brake pads; this substance is copper. A number of samples containing copper, in the form of powder and fibers, were made, and then the samples were subjected to tribological tests in order to determine the coefficient of friction and abrasive wear rate. The ball-cratering research method was used, and the Taguchi process optimization method was used to plan the experiment. As a result of the tests, it was found that the replacement of aramid fibers with copper fibers does not significantly affect the value of COF and the abrasive wear rate.

BEHAVIORAL MANAGEMENT IN DENTAL TREATMENT FOR CHILDHOOD AUTISM: (CASE STUDY)

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or autism is a disorder that occurs during brain development characterized by deficiencies in social behavior and nonverbal interactions such as lack of eye contact, facial expressions, and body movements before a child is three years old. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is not a single disorder and is generally considered a multi-factorial disorder caused by the interaction of genetic and non-genetic factors. Lack of social behavior includes avoiding eye contact, difficulty controlling emotions or understanding the emotions of others, and limiting the range of activities and interests. Case report: A patient, female, 7 years and 4 months complained that the maxillary front teeth shake and want to be removed. Patients are suspected of having symptoms of autism since the age of 2 years and have started screening at that age until finally diagnosed with autism. Autism in patients, in this case, is suspected of autism from genetic factors. Conclusion: People with autism require special examination and treatment regarding the health of their teeth and mouth. These actions require cooperation between dentists and pediatricians or psychologists or other related disciplines so that the desired end results can be achieved as well as possible.

THE IMPORTANCE OF IMPLEMENTING INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HOSPITALS

Integrated information systems are a fundamental component of companies' activity. The existence of such a system allows a much more correct management of the company's resources, streamlining operations and thus bringing a substantial competitive advantage to those who use it. Health is a vast and complex field in which computerization is useful and necessary in both the public and private areas. In the field of health, hospitals that use such integrated information systems can cover the management of the entire activity, from supply, to the management of patients, staff, tests and procedures or the reporting of diagnoses to insurance companies. The desired end result of the introduction of electronic services in health consists in increasing the quality of services and decreasing the costs of these services, for all those involved: patients, healthcare professionals, medical institutions or insurance companies. This paper aims to analyze the importance of implementing an integrated information system in hospitals from theoretical point of view. It presents the particularities of integrated computer systems for hospitals and it details the components of a hospital integrated system as a useful tool for improving the patient care process and reducing costs in these uncertain times.

Geometry-controlled instabilities for soft-soft adhesive interfaces.

Soft materials interfaces can develop complex morphologies, such as cavities or finger-like features, during separation as a result of a mechanical instability. While the onset and growth of these instabilities have been investigated previously for interfaces between rigid and soft materials, no existing predictive model provides insight for controlling the separation morphology associated with these instabilities when both "sides" of the interface are soft. Here, we expand previous models to account for the geometry and materials properties of two soft materials that form an interface. The total compliance of the system, which depends nonlinearly on the thickness of each contacting soft material, plays a primary role in governing the morphology of the separating interface. We validate this model with experimental measurements using a series of soft elastomers with varying layer thicknesses and fixed materials properties, in order to emphasize the geometry alone can give rise to the observed differences in the interface separation process. This model also demonstrates that the degree of geometric asymmetry, or the ratio of the layer thicknesses that form an interface, influences the stress experienced in either layer, thus providing a rich means of controlling how unstable interface separations develop and propagate. This framework is a powerful tool to understand and control adhesion mechanisms in fields ranging from biology to soft robotics, and provides intuition for engineering a separation mode for a desired end result.

Multidisciplinary consensus on a stepwise treatment algorithm for management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Multidisciplinary consensus on a stepwise treatment algorithm for management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

The Challenge of Integrating eHealth Into Health Care: Systematic Literature Review of the Donabedian Model of Structure, Process, and Outcome.

BackgroundHealth care organizations are increasingly working with eHealth. However, the integration of eHealth into regular health care is challenging. It requires organizations to change the way they work and their structure and care processes to be adapted to ensure that eHealth supports the attainment of the desired outcomes.ObjectiveThe aims of this study are to investigate whether there are identifiable indicators in the structure, process, and outcome categories that are related to the successful integration of eHealth in regular health care, as well as to investigate which indicators of structure and process are related to outcome indicators.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted using the Donabedian Structure-Process-Outcome (SPO) framework to identify indicators that are related to the integration of eHealth into health care organizations. Data extraction sheets were designed to provide an overview of the study characteristics, eHealth characteristics, and indicators. The extracted indicators were organized into themes and subthemes of the structure, process, and outcome categories.ResultsEleven studies were included, covering a variety of study designs, diseases, and eHealth tools. All studies identified structure, process, and outcome indicators that were potentially related to the integration of eHealth. The number of indicators found in the structure, process, and outcome categories was 175, 84, and 88, respectively. The themes with the most-noted indicators and their mutual interaction were inner setting (51 indicators, 16 interactions), care receiver (40 indicators, 11 interactions), and technology (38 indicators, 12 interactions)—all within the structure category; health care actions (38 indicators, 15 interactions) within the process category; and efficiency (30 indicators, 15 interactions) within the outcome category. In-depth examination identified four most-reported indicators, namely “deployment of human resources” (n=11), in the inner setting theme within the structure category; “ease of use” (n=16) and “technical issue” (n=10), both in the technology theme within the structure category; and “health logistics” (n=26), in the efficiency theme within the outcome category.ConclusionsThree principles are important for the successful integration of eHealth into health care. First, the role of the care receiver needs to be incorporated into the organizational structure and daily care process. Second, the technology must be well attuned to the organizational structure and daily care process. Third, the deployment of human resources to the daily care processes needs to be aligned with the desired end results. Not adhering to these points could negatively affect the organization, daily process, or the end results.

СТРУКТУРНЫЕ СДВИГИ В НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ И РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД (НА ПРИМЕРЕ АВИАСТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ)

The article is devoted to the study of the factors of structural changes in the economy of regions. There is no doubt that the current socio-economic and political situation, which has been formed as a negative result of the consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic, provides a rather negative impact on the economy of regions. In particular, competition for resources and potential sales markets is sharply increasing. The article presents the point of view of the author on the factors of development of the regional economy and structural changes that can have a multidirectional impact on the economy of a region. It is noted that a coherent theory of structural changes has not yet been developed, which makes it difficult to conduct an objective analysis of the causes and consequences of structural changes in the regional economy. The conclusion about a strict correlation be-tween the generation of new knowledge, which leads to all kinds of innovations, and struc-tural changes in the regional economy is substantiated. At the same time, the innovation process is characterized by a high level of uncertainty in terms of obtaining the desired end results. Specific historical examples of the impact of innovation on the development of the regional economy are considered. It is especially noted that the technological lag can last for decades, having the most negative impact on the socio-economic situation in the region. The conclusion that innovations can contribute to the development of economical-ly weak regions is substantiated.

PRIORITY PROGRAM SELECTION OF VILLAGE FUND USING THE K-MEANS METHOD

The allocation of funds is certainly a big village also demands a big responsibility for the village government. In managing public funds, a public sector organization is required to be able to provide accountable financial reports. To achieve the effectiveness of village financial management, a decision support system is needed to assist village officials in determining which village programs will be prioritized. This research focuses on village programs that use village fund allocations. The purpose of this study is to create a decision support system todetermine priority village fund programs using a web-based kmeans clustering algorithm. The k-means clustering algorithm can perform the modeling process without supervision (unsupervised) and is one of the methods that performs data grouping using the partition system. This is in accordance with the desired end result in the form of grouping the village work program into 3 priority levels, where the village road repair program is included in the high-level priority program in cluster 1, the BUMDES program is included in the medium level priority in cluster 2 and the program for the construction of a reservoir for incoming rainwater. in low priority cluster 3. This research was conducted by considering the aspects of urgency and usefulness developed using the programming language PHP version 5 and MySQL database version 3.2.1.

Developability assessment for monoclonal antibody drug candidates: a case study

Various screening approaches are used by industry to evaluate development risks associated with discovery candidates. This process has become more complicated with biological therapeutics, a class dominated by monoclonal antibodies (mAb), and, increasingly, their derivative constructs. Effective early assessment for drug-like properties (DLP) can save time and costs by allowing a more complete consideration of issues that could impact the desired end result of a stable drug product. Here we report a case study of four IgG1 mAbs, with sequence variations in the variable domain region, screened as a set of possible drug candidates. Our comprehensive, tiered approach used a battery of analytical tools to assess molecular characteristics, conformational stability, colloidal stability, and short-term storage stability. While most DLP for the four candidates were developmentally acceptable and comparable, mAb-2 was associated with adverse colloidal properties. Further investigation of mAb-2 in an expanded pH range revealed a propensity for phase separation, indicating a need for the additional product development effort. Our results support that comprehensive DLP assessments in an expanded pH range are beneficial in identifying development options for promising molecules that show challenging stability trends. This adaptable approach may be especially useful in the development of increasingly complex antibody constructs.

Long Term Results of Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in Treatment of Fracture Neck Femur

Femoral neck fractures are intracapsular fractures that occur in the proximal femur in the area beginning distal to articular surface of the femoral head and ending just proximal to the intertrochantric region. to evaluate the functional outcome of bipolar hemiarthroplasty in patients with intra capsular femoral neck fractures . and to determine the factors affecting the outcome and to see whether bipolar hemiarthroplasty meets desired end result or not; patient will be evaluated using Harris hip score and radiographic assessment. The present work was a retrospective study including twenty patients. These patients were be followed up for minimum five years post-operatively and traced to detect their actual hip function and performance. The early complicated patients would be excluded. The mean age of the patients was 73.4 years. The Harris hip score showed satisfactory results at the end of follow up three patients (15%) had hip scores from 100 to 91 (excellent). eight patients (45%) cases had hip scores90 to 81 (good). Two patients (10%) were rated 80 to 70. (fair), and seven patients (35%) were rated below 70(poor) . The mean Harris hip score at the end of follow up was71.0 (range from 25.0– to97.0) with SD 22.4. It was found that the greater motion at the inner bearing correlated with better clinical results. Therefore the amount of motion at the two interfaces appears dependent on a number of variables and still a topic of debate.

Hacia un modelo de narrativa en periodismo inmersivo

Introducción: Ante el incremento de uso por parte de periodistas y medios de comunicación, de la realidad virtual y los contenidos inmersivos como formato para informar, nos hemos propuesto aportar un posible modelo de narrativa de realidad virtual para la producción de estos contenidos. Metodología: Se ha optado por un estudio mixto, donde lo cuantitativo está compuesto por encuestas realizadas a 60 individuos Generación Z españoles, al tiempo que dos grupos de discusión con 5-6 individuos de similar grupo etario. Asimismo, se consideró un análisis comparativo entre elementos de la narrativa inmersiva y la narrativa audiovisual tradicional, para alcanzar el fin deseado. Resultados y conclusiones: se evidencia la complejidad de la segmentación de audiencias en el ámbito digital, aunque los individuos pertenezcan al mismo entorno social. Los instrumentos de medición permitieron disponer de algunos elementos básicos para la creación de contenidos noticiosos en formatos multimedia con capacidad inmersiva, los cuales deben ir acompañados de un compromiso y constancia por parte de los medios de comunicación y periodistas implicados en procesos de innovación.

Innovation training in Algerian engineering schools: aiming to serve companies

ABSTRACT This article questions the way in which engineering schools in Algeria (North Africa) approach the prescriptions to train for innovation, which are widespread in Europe and beyond. After having presented the characteristics of engineer training in relation to the training models that can be found in Europe, the authors examine the different concepts of innovation and the objectives expressed by the teachers as to their desired end results. As a complement to articles published in the EJEE which explore pedagogical practices in innovation training, this article examines the injunction to train for innovation and the approaches of different stakeholders. This work enables the comprehension of how external prescriptions, especially from Europe, have permeated engineer training in North Africa. It contributes to the analysis of the dynamics at play on the international scene in terms of engineer training and highlights the growing importance given by higher education, to the expectations of business.

Preface

International Journal on Livable Space has achieved its publication of Volume 4 Number 1. The theme of this volume is Environmental Management and Comfort with the purpose to share knowledge on human socio-cultural activities and the impact it has on natural behaviour or vice versa in which the relationship is focusing on meeting the needs and the comfort of human life. The characteristics of social and cultural interaction coupled with the natural and environmental conditions determine how human being manage their living space as individual or as group. Technology as an alteration factor also regulate the strategies, techniques, and methods in achieving the desired end result. 
 Referring to the above introduction, Dian et all and Laila Zohrah disclose their research results related to spatial management and environment as the context of social-culture in Ngadas Village (Lombok) and Banjar’s Kampungs (Banjarmasin). Ristya Arinta reveals her research results regarding the post-occupant perceptions of Row Income Houses at Petogogan (Jakarta). Rizki Madina et al., as well as Rivanus present their findings focusing on thermal comfort at inside and outside of the building in relation to materials as building components. 
 In details, Dian Kartika Santoso, Antariksa, and Sri Utami emphasise on their study at farming cultural changes of the farmhouses in Ngadas Village which based on the view that cultural features are the result of interactions between human activities and the environment. The centre of the study is more on the implications of agricultural features than on cultural features especially farmhouses space in Ngadas Village. The results show that the permanent level of occupancy on the location and the development activities on agricultural land affect the breadth of agricultural land needed.
 Laila Zohrah exposes her research on Evolving Connectivity Patterns of Banjar’s Kampungs and Rumah Bubungan Tinggi (High Ridge-House) in South Kalimantan River Networks in terms of socio-cultural context through dynamic morphological studies of the village spatial patterns and the typology of high ridge-house (from 15th-20th century). The organic evolution of the spatial composition of the village is related to the kinship of occupants as well as the geomorphological evolution of the swamp and riverine areas. The result states that the interaction between kinship is open-ended multifamily boundaries which can be used for the construction needs of the village in the future. 
 Further, Ristya Arinta Safitri conducts a low-income housing study at Petogogan Row Houses focusing on the residents’ perceptions about aspects that affect the perceived suitability and non-conformity of the residents’ daily activities. Petogogan Row Houses is considered a successful program using the RISHA system (Simple Healthy Instant House) or a simple standardized design innovation of healthy houses. The residents expressed that after several years of occupancy there were inappropriate conditions due to the decisions making by the occupants. The discrepancy is related to: 1) the inappropriate choice of furniture compares to RISHA room standard; 2) the inappropriate choice of partitions compares to access of natural light capacity. The perception of incompatibility of RISHA design is mainly related to the possibility for occupants to install additional non-fixed elements on walls and ceilings.
 Rizki Fitria Madina, Surjamanto Wonorahardjo dan F.X. Nugroho Soelami focus on their research in outdoor thermal performance from several glazing types by comparing heat reflection capacity and glass material. The results indicate that the coefficient value of glass shading on the building façade is influenced by outside temperature of the building. Clear glass and clear reflective glass have a similar result on decreasing the outdoor temperature, yet, in terms of cost, the use of clear glass will cost less than that of clear reflective glass. 
 In line with Rizki Fitri Madina et al, Rivanus Dewanto centres his research on the influence of building envelopes towards classroom temperature (Case: BINUS Alam Sutra Campus). The study intends to compare the differences in indoor classroom temperature as a result of differences of volume and opening patterns on building envelopes. The results confirm that the increase in indoor classroom temperature is relatively influenced by the sun orientation in the north-northeast and in the west-southwest directions. The finishing building skins by using precast concrete and window-walls tend to affect the indoor classroom temperature to a higher increase in the morning and to a lower decrease in the afternoon. The use of precast concrete of dead-glass materials affects indoor temperature relatively lower in the morning yet higher in the afternoon.
 The above findings have twofold objectives, i.e. for the researchers, they can be used not only as a reference to prove, complement, and develop existing theories but also as a motivation to build new concepts. Whereas for the practitioners, the findings can be functioned as a substance to compare their own experiences and to share those experiences with others. 
 
 Jakarta, February 2019
 Editor in Chief

Diced cartilage used in rhinoplasty procedures

An even and aesthetically modelled surface of the nasal dorsum and the tip of the nose is the desired end result of septorhinoplasty procedures for both the surgeon and the patient. When using DC for septorhinoplasty and the variations of the DCF (diced cartilage framework), almost only autologous materials with high biocompatibility and a consecutively minimized risk of infection and rejection are preferred. Histological investigations postulate a regenerative potential for DC and DCF by adding PRF (platelet rich fibrin) from the patient's own plasma. The production of DC and DCF from autologous cartilage is easy to learn and can be prepared by the surgical assistant parallel to the procedure. The preparation of the PRF is standardized. The shape and size of the DC grafts are very variable, as is the place of application at the nose. The DC can be applied freely under the skin or wrapped as a framework (DCF) with autologous fascia, perichondrium and aPRF (advanced platelet rich fibrin) clot. The DCF graft can still be resculpted a few days after insertion. No overcorrection should take place, as the graft remains constant in mass and is not resorbed. DC and DCF grafts do not improve the structure and are only suitable for contour modelling. They can be used as a complementary component after a structure-improving build-up of the internal supporting structures of the nose. The adaptation and application of the DC and the DCF therefore always take place at the end of the septorhinoplasty procedure. The ease of use and flexibility of this technique with the goal of a quickly modelable grafts integrating into the contour of the nasal dorsum convince both for FDC (free diced cartilage) and for DCF and can be expressed as a recommendation for routine use for contour modelling in septorhinoplasty.

Towards a Framework for Transdisciplinary Problem Solving

We live in trying times because of the rapid convergence of technologies such as artificial intelligence, brain-like computer chips, bio-engineering, intelligent pharmacology. At the same time, we live with complex societal problems related to issues including global warming, hunger, and aging. The collision of these factors means that we face many serious ethical issues in our daily lives, which often leads to a myopic and self-centered view of the world. Indeed, as we struggle to balance our own dreams and needs, we often forget that we are members of the whole. This article is an attempt to use a transdisciplinary approach to tackle the complex issues in our world by seeking a methodological framework that uses the best aspects from multiple disciplines. The desired end result is a solution that can bridge the profound (higher consciousness) and the practical (innovation) in a way that empowers us to direct our lives in ways that will honor the whole.

Intraoperative quality control with transit time flow measurement

Vascular reconstructions carry a high risk of early and late failure, leading potentially to major problems. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure the quality of reconstructions at the end of every operation. No method has been shown to be superior to others and it is beneficial for the vascular surgeons to master many techniques. Transit time flow measurement (TTFM) is a fast and easy way to directly evaluate the desired end result; blood flow to the end organ. It is not problem-free nor totally reliable. In addition to TTFM different quality control methods including their pros and cons are discussed.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ENTROPY METHODS ON K MEANS IN CLUSTERING PROCESS

K Means is a non-hierarchical data clustering method that attempts to partition existing data into one or more clusters / groups. This method partitions the data into clusters / groups so that data that have the same characteristics are grouped into the same cluster and data that have different characteristics are grouped into other groups.The purpose of this data clustering is to minimize the objective function set in the clustering process, which generally attempts to minimize variation within a cluster and maximize the variation between clusters. However, the main disadvantage of this method is that the number k is often not known before. Furthermore, a randomly chosen starting point may cause two points to approach the distance to be determined as two centroids. Therefore, for the determination of the starting point in K Means used entropy method where this method is a method that can be used to determine a weight and take a decision from a set of alternatives. Entropy is able to investigate the harmony in discrimination among a multitude of data sets. Using Entropy criteria with the highest value variations will get the highest weight. Given this entropy method can help K Means work process in determining the starting point which is usually determined at random. Thus the process of clustering on K Means can be more quickly known by helping the entropy method where the iteration process is faster than the K Means Standard process. Where the postoperative patient dataset of the UCI Repository Machine Learning used and using only 12 data as an example of its calculations is obtained by entropy method only with 2 times iteration can get the desired end result.

Rendering rural modernity: Spectacle and power in a Chinese ethnic tourism village

For residents of Upper Jidao, a Miao village in Guizhou Province, China, the past decade and a half of tourism development in the region can be boiled down to one single suggestion: make a spectacle of yourselves. The spectacle of the rural and the ethnic in tourism – the finely dressed performers, the renovated village architecture – is usually considered the necessary means to the desired end result of boosting local economies. In this essay, I examine how architectural renderings constitute a world-making practice of and in rural ethnic China and how they illuminate underlying ideologies about sociocultural difference. By analyzing these drawings alongside ethnographic observations from long-term fieldwork in the village, this essay sheds light on the embedded relations of power and agentive potential enabled by this kind of spectacular development.

Service ecosystems, markets and business networks

PurposeRecent research demonstrates how firms strive to shape their business environment and level the playing field in their favor. To explain this phenomenon, business scholars use competing notions: markets, business networks and service ecosystems. The purpose of this paper is to identify and address a potential problem, in that these notions overlap to a considerable extent, as scholars tend to draw from and contribute to academic silos.Design/methodology/approachThe authors approach the issue of potential overlaps in the current literature on markets, business networks and service ecosystems through a literature review of each of these three concepts, with special attention to both their overlaps and differences.FindingsThe authors’ review of the extant literature allows the authors to concur with Ballantyne et al. (2011) that contemporary service research shows a tendency to create, adopt and overuse labels. This situation has given rise to what the authors term “academic silos” in which even closely related research stream tend to become isolated, and the authors posit that a more holistic view would be beneficial.Originality/valueThe authors offer two main contributions to the existing literature. The first contribution is mainly theoretical, aimed at business research, and consists of providing a review and understanding of the partly competing, partly complimentary concepts of markets, business networks and service ecosystems, in which the authors’ further address service ecosystems based on both a service-dominant logic and a service logic understanding. The second contribution is more managerial, arguing for the need of the successful business research to consider the desired end result of contributing to successful business practices.