Desirable Direction Research Articles

BiRD: Using Bidirectional Rotation Gain Differences to Redirect Users during Back-and-forth Head Turns in Walking.

Redirected walking (RDW) facilitates user navigation within expansive virtual spaces despite the constraints of limited physical spaces. It employs discrepancies between human visual-proprioceptive sensations, known as gains, to enable the remapping of virtual and physical environments. In this paper, we explore how to apply rotation gain while the user is walking. We propose to apply a rotation gain to let the user rotate by a different angle when reciprocating from a previous head rotation, to achieve the aim of steering the user to a desired direction. To apply the gains imperceptibly based on such a Bidirectional Rotation gain Difference (BiRD), we conduct both measurement and verification experiments on the detection thresholds of the rotation gain for reciprocating head rotations during walking. Unlike previous rotation gains which are measured when users are turning around in place (standing or sitting), BiRD is measured during users' walking. Our study offers a critical assessment of the acceptable range of rotational mapping differences for different rotational orientations across the user's walking experience, contributing to an effective tool for redirecting users in virtual environments.

Genetic Components Derived Parameters and Heterosis in Okra under Saudi Arabia Conditions.

Four parental genotypes of okra were crossed in complete diallel design to study the direction and extent of relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis for yield and its associated traits for utilization of existing genetic diversity to develop heterotic F1 hybrids in okra. The additive genetic component (D) was significant in all studied traits except average pod weight. Nonadditive (H1 and H2) components were found to be significant in all studied traits. However, the values of the dominant effect (H1) were smaller than the D components for no. of nodes/plant, no. of pods/plant, weight of medium pods, weight of large pods, and total fresh pod yield. The maximum significant MP heterosis in the desirable direction (149.9%) was recorded for the weight of large pods/plot. The maximum significant heterobeltiosis in the desirable direction (120.1%) was recorded for the weight of small pods/plot followed by total fresh pod yield (107.4%), the weight of large pods/plot (104.9%), weight of medium pods/plot (92.1%), average pod weight (51.8%), number of pods/plant (38.4%), and plant height (34.3%). It could be concluded that plant height, average pod weight, and the number of branches could be considered for the development of elite hybrids (heterosis breeding) or inbred lines (pure line selection) in succeeding generations. Therefore, these parameters can be considered for selecting genotypes to improve the pod yield of okra. The superior crosses identified through heterosis analysis were Egyptian Balady × Line 4.1.18 (30.8 ton/ha), Line 4.1.18 × Egyptian Balady (29.8 ton/ha), Dwarf Green Long Pod × Line 4.1.18 (28.3 ton/ha), and Egyptian Balady × Dwarf Green Long Pod (27.6 ton/ha) as these crosses had high performance as well as significant and higher estimates of heterobeltiosis for fruit yield per plant and yield attributing other characters.

Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of natural therapeutic mud of Kazakhstan salt lakes: a review.

In recent years, interest in natural therapeutic mud has been growing all over the world. This natural product has a positive therapeutic effect on the skin and has fewer side effects on the human body. There are more than 40 thousand salt lakes in Kazakhstan. Most of them have natural mud sources, the potential of which has not yet been fully explored. The review presents an analysis of the available information on the physical and chemical properties of the main sources of natural mud from salt lakes in Kazakhstan and Kazakh sanatoriums that use natural mud in the treatment. All available publications, presenting the systematic studies, were used for data analysis. A comparative analysis of the mineralization of water, brine, and silt in one reservoir shows that the mineralization of water is not always the least. The available data indicate a point and partial nature of peloid studies, e.g., inorganic composition of natural muds from Western and Southern Kazakhstan is well described in the literature. In turn, there is a lack of these data from Northern and Eastern Kazakhstan. Studies of peloids in these regions seem to be a promising direction of the future research for both local and world scientists. What is more, there is also a big gap in the analysis of organic matter of muds from the Kazakh lakes. Comparing the state of the art, i.e., the studies from other parts of Asia and Europe, the identification of the organic part of muds is another desirable direction as a potential source of biologically active compounds of natural origin.

0-5세 자녀를 둔 부모의 유보통합 관련 인식 조사 연구

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data on parents' perceptions regarding the consolidation of Early Childhood Education and Childcare (ECEC) and to explore a desirable direction. To achieve the objectives of the research, an online survey was conducted of parents whose infants and toddlers (or young children) attending in kindergartens and daycare centers. The survey continued from July 27 to August 5, 2022. The research study aimed to analyze the choice of the institution, the inconveniences, improvement requirements, usage time, teachers and curriculum, as well as their opinions on the integration of reservation for deriving meaningful implications. The primary result of the data analysis revealed that they might not accurately recognize the necessity and the advantages and disadvantages of ECEC integration, emphasizing the need for public awareness campaigns on this matter. Building upon these research findings, the study suggested that a future policy implementations should be involved gathering the opinions from the public, parents, and experts as a crucial policy implication. Based on the research results, it was suggested that the policy implementation that collects opinions from those skateholders is necessary in the future.

Major Issues and Desirable Directions for Revision of the Korean Commercial Code and the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act - Mainly Focusing on Electronic Shareholders’ Meeting, Mandatory Tender Offer and Investor Protection of Corporate Division -

Major Issues and Desirable Directions for Revision of the Korean Commercial Code and the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act - Mainly Focusing on Electronic Shareholders’ Meeting, Mandatory Tender Offer and Investor Protection of Corporate Division -

Target enclosing control for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle in three dimensional space: An attractive vector approach

This paper addresses the target enclosing control problem for fixed-wing UAVs in three dimensional space with a novel attractive vector approach. Firstly, by analyzing the properties of the desired ring motion plane in 3D space with an arbitrary desired direction vector, an attractive vector approach that provides a control direction for solving the target enclosing problem is established. Then, based on the attractive vector, the desired course angle and flight path angle are constructed, respectively. Thereafter, the target enclosing control law that guarantees the desired ring motion plane is perpendicular to the arbitrary desired direction vector in 3D space is designed, and the corresponding stability is analyzed by the Lyapunov function approach. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by both numerical simulations and experiments.

Active compliant mechanisms for optimized actuation by LCE-based artificial muscles

Compliant mechanisms leverage deformation of materials for precise, lightweight solution to transfer force and motion. By incorporating smart materials, active compliant mechanisms are formed with self-embedded actuation source. Here, we propose lightweight active compliant mechanisms that mimic biological joints, which are capable of transmitting displacements and forces from the linear contraction of artificial muscles into desired magnitudes and directions using a compact structural design. The artificial muscles are braided from liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fibers and heating threads, competent of generating large force and stroke. Meanwhile, the compliant mechanisms are designed by topology optimization to imitate the functions of biological joints. Combining the braided artificial muscles and optimized compliant mechanisms, these active compliant mechanisms effectively achieve transmission of centralized linear actuation into multiple and various output motions, which is verified by both numerical simulations and experiments. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the active compliant mechanisms can be used for potential surgical procedures such as in-body grasping, cavity dilation, drug delivery, and suturing. The demonstrated biomimetic motions of the active compliant mechanisms hold significant potential for applications in medical devices and soft robots.

Safflower heterosis for yield and its contributed characters

Twenty two hybrids were tested using line x tester design involving two cytoplasmic male sterile lines during rabi 2018, using Randomized block design with three replications. Twenty two along with three checks 'A-1,PBNS-12, PKV Pink' were evaluated at the field of Oilseeds Research Unit, Dr. PDKV, Akola during rabi 2019- 2020 to estimate extent of heterosis in safflower genotypes.Among all the crosses, AKS CMS 2A x GMU 1183 (46.15 % and 44.30%) exhibited highly significant and positive average heterosis for number of seeds/plant over mid and better parent. crosses, AKS CMS 2A x GMU 184 (49.26% and 34.44%) exhibited highly significant and positive average heterosis for 100 seed weight, whereas, cross AKS CMS 2A x GMU 5149 (15.28% and 9.32%) exhibited highly significant and positive average heterosis for volume weight. The highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis in desirable direction were recorded for seed yield/plant in AKS CMS 2A x GMU 1654 (246.96%) and the cross AKS CMS 3A x GMU 1183 (206.75%) showed highest and significantly positive standard heterosis over the checks i.e. PKV PINK, AKS 207 and PBNS-12.

Safflower heterosis for yield and its contributed characters

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the major edible oilseed crops grown in winter season in India. The first safflower hybrid released in India for commercial cultivation in all safflower growing regions was based on genetic male sterility system. Twenty two hybrids were tested using line x tester design involving two cytoplasmic male sterile lines during rabi 2018, using Randomized block design with three replications. Twenty two along with three checks 'A-1, PBNS-12, PKV Pink' were evaluated at the field of Oilseeds Research Unit, Dr. PDKV, Akola during rabi 2019-2020 to estimate extent of heterosis in safflower genotypes. Among all the crosses, AKS CMS 2A x GMU 1183 (46.15 % and 44.30%) exhibited highly significant and positive average heterosis for number of seeds per plant over mid and better parent. crosses, AKS CMS 2A x GMU 184 (49.26% and 34.44%) exhibited highly significant and positive average heterosis for 100 seed weight, whereas, cross AKS CMS 2A x GMU 5149 (15.28% and 9.32%) exhibited highly significant and positive average heterosis for volume weight. The highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis in desirable direction were recorded for seed yield per plant in AKS CMS 2A x GMU 1654 (246.96. %) and the cross AKS CMS 3A x GMU 1183 (206.75%) showed highest and significantly positive standard heterosis over the checks i.e. PKV PINK, AKS 207 and PBNS-12.Biotechnological tools, such as genetic engineering need to be perfected for incorporation of mitochondrial male sterility causing factor of sunflower into safflower to develop safflower hybrids which can be more easily produced.

디지털 리터러시에 대한 중학생의 교육요구도 분석

Objectives This study investigated middle school students' awareness of the importance and implementation of digital literacy and their educational needs, analyzed it according to residential area (metropolitan area, non-metropolitan area), and identified priorities. Through this, implications for the direction of digital literacy education design were obtained. wanted to obtain.
 Methods To achieve the purpose of this study, data were collected from 258 junior high school students living in the metropolitan area and non-metropolitan area for about 15 days from July 15, 2023, using a questionnaire based on previous studies. IBM SPSS 26.0 was used to process the data, and the paired sample t-test, Borich needs analysis, and TLfF model (The Locus for Focus Model) were used.
 Results First, we examined the difference between the importance and practice of digital literacy as perceived by middle school students, and found that the perceived level of importance was higher than the current practice in all areas. Second, we derived priorities using Borich needs analysis and The Locus for Focus Model (TLfF Model), and found that digital thinking skills and digital tools were highly demanded. Third, by region of residence (metropolitan area, non-metropolitan area), the perceived importance was highest for digital information protection in both the metropolitan area and non-metropolitan area, and the implementation level was highest for digital communication and collaboration in the metropolitan area and digital resource utilization in the non-metropolitan area. Fourth, as a result of deriving priorities using the Borich needs map and TLfF model by region of residence (metropolitan area, non-metropolitan area), the highest level of need was observed in the metropolitan area, followed by digital thinking skills, digital tools, and digital information protection, while the highest level of need was observed in the non-metropolitan area, followed by digital thinking skills, digital tools, and the ability to create and express digital content.
 Conclusions These findings can be utilized as guidelines and basic information for closing the digital literacy education gap and contribute to actively responding to future social changes and improving students' digital literacy capabilities by implementing digital literacy education in a desirable direction.

해외 주요 ESG 지표를 기반한 국내 10대 기업 ESG 공시내용 비교 연구 (For Sustainability)

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the ESG disclosures of 10 major Korean companies and to explore the current status and desirable direction of sustainable management of Korean companies based on the standards of global rating agencies. To this end, the study was conducted through the following three themes.
 First, we identified the main contents of the sustainability reports of the companies and derived the main objectives and key contents of each report. Second, we analyze the ESG management reports of the companies to identify commonalities and differences. Third, in the area of governance (G), the companies showed weaknesses in the area of separation of ownership and management. s the publication of sustainability reports is becoming mandatory for listed companies in Korea, this study is expected to provide useful information for identifying the current status of ESG management of the top 10 companies and deriving improvement measures through a comparative analysis with major global ESG standards. As the publication of sustainability reports is becoming mandatory for listed companies in Korea, this study is expected to provide useful information for identifying the current status of ESG management of the top 10 companies and deriving improvement measures through a comparative analysis with major global ESG standards.

‘조용한 해고’의 특징과 건설적인 방안 탐색 연구

The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics and constructive improvement plans of 'Quiet Firing(Cutting)'. This is a concept that emerged following ‘Quiet Quitting’, and is known to be used as an organization strategy in the post-Covid era as employees’ tendency to ‘Quiet Quitting’ has been strengthened by working from home in the Covid era. In this trend, this study comprehensively examined the contents that can be identified by the keyword of ‘Quiet Firing’ and suggested the concept, characteristics, and improvement plans. To this end, from 2022 to September 2023, related data were surveyed online in consideration of the time when ‘Quiet Firing’ issue was publicized. This study suggested that it is necessary to approach and respond carefully while seeking the characteristics and effective improvement plans for ‘Quiet Firing’ along with ‘Quiet Quitting’, which has been recently discussed socially. Through this study, it will be able to possible to identify the current trend of ‘Quiet Firing’ and discuss desirable directions for both members and organizations.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity Using Metroglyph Analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm

The present investigation was carried out to assess the genetic variability parameters, metroglyph analysis in 31 rice genotypes for 13 quantitative traits during Kharif,2022 season at Field experimentation center, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh using Randomized Block Design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated high significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. Considerable variability existed in the genotypes for all the characters studied. These were the genotypes with high mean values in desirable direction i.e., From the present investigation it is concluded that among 31 genotypes of rice, VASUMATHI showed Early flowering (80 days), and had characters like Early maturity (113days), DRR DHAN-38 showed high Plant height (155.8 cm), PUSA BASMATHI-1 showed high Panicle length (28.8 cm), NAGARJUNA is showing both high Biomass (69.3 g), and Grain Yield per Plant (39.7 g). Highest GCV were depicted for Grain Yield per Plant, Biological Yield per hill, Number of Spikelet’s per panicle, Number of Panicles per hill, Number of Tillers per Hill, and Flag Leaf Width. The highest Heritability was observed for Number of Tillers per hill, Number of Spikelet’s per Panicle, Grain yield per plant, Number of Panicles per hill, Biological Yield per Hill and Flag Leaf Width and Highest genetic advance as a percentage of mean except Plant height, Grain yield per plant, Biological yield per hill, Number of spikelet’s per panicle, Number of panicles per hill, Number of total tillers, Flag leaf width and harvest index. A scatter diagram was created for 31 genotypes that formed five complexes with 13,9,4,4 and 1 genotype in each complex. The genotypes Nagarjuna, Jarva and NDR-359, which have a high index score and fall into various clusters, can be utilized as parents in hybridization to get the most variety in character combinations. This character should be given due consideration during selection for crop improvement.

Design of a Single-Element Dynamic Antenna for Secure Wireless Applications

We introduce a new technique for secure wireless applications using a single dynamic antenna. The dynamic antenna supports a constantly and rapidly changing current distribution that generates a radiation pattern that is static in a desired direction and dynamic elsewhere. This imparts additional modulation on the signal and obscures information transmitted or received outside of the information beam, thus achieving directional modulation. Dynamic currents are supported by a single feed that is switched between separate ports on a single antenna, generating two different radiation patterns without changing the physical shape of the antenna. We introduce the theoretical concept by exploring an ideal complex dynamic radiation pattern that remains static in a narrow desired direction and is dynamic elsewhere. The impact on the transmission of information is analyzed, showing that the information beam narrows as the modulation order increases, and design constraints on the spatial width of the information beam as a function of modulation format are determined. We design and analyze a 2.3 GHz two-state dynamic dipole antenna and experimentally demonstrate secure wireless transmission. We demonstrate the ability to change the information beamwidth and steer the information beam experimentally in real time, and to maintain high throughput in the information beam while obscuring the information elsewhere. In contrast to multiport or array-based antennas, our approach introduces a novel rapidly switched single-element technique for secure wireless applications that can be used independently from the rest of the wireless system, essentially operating as a “black box” for an additional layer of security.

포스트휴먼 시대에 문학교육의 역할

The purpose of this study is to explore the necessity of literature education in the post-human era where uncertainty is amplified due to the rapid development of science and technology. What is fundamentally necessary in a rapidly changing reality that exceeds the capacity of human consciousness? It involves introspection on the meaning of human life and existence. This is because what can lead the future society in a desirable direction, which is difficult to predict, is ultimately related to human ethical duty. One possible way is through reading literature that encompasses human life. Literature has secured the resources of stories that were difficult for mankind to imagine or guess over countless times, gained persuasive power, and expanded its scope enough to prepare for the shock of a rapidly changing reality. In this context, this study aims to examine the need to reconsider the role of literature education. It does so by introducing aspects of a literature class, particularly focused on Death of a Salesman, conducted as a liberal arts course at a 4-year university in Seoul. This is in response to the reality that the position of literature has been narrowed even within the university curriculum.

ESL/EFL 상황의 영어 습득에서 영문법의 역할

As Celce-Murcia and Larson-Freeman (1999) point out, the role of grammar is not to explain rules but to intuit them. Thus, this study investigates how we can intuit grammatical rules and teach them in ESL/EFL contexts. As a possible answer to this question, we derived the linguistic intuitions that native speakers are assumed to have on grammatical systems and represented them as semantic features. Specifically, we proposed [±abstract] and [±definite] for the article system, according to which nouns with the [+abstract] feature take the null article ∅, nouns with the [-definite] feature take the indefinite article a(n), and nouns with the [+definite] feature take the definite article the. We also proposed [±transfer] for the structure of dative verbs, on which if a dative verb has the [+transfer] feature, it licenses the sequence to+IO, and if it has the [-transfer] feature, it licenses the sequence for+IO. Finally, for infinitives/gerundives, we established [±pastivity] and [±actuality], which explains the linguistic sense that if a matrix verb has the [+futurity]/[-actuality] feature, it takes infinitives, and if it has the [+pastivity]/[+actuality] feature, it takes gerundives. This approach to intuitionizing grammar systems can provide insights into the desirable direction to grammar teaching in the AI era.

Regulation of dual-scale structure of polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) hollow fiber membranes with bimodal pore base on lamellae optimization during annealing

Solvent-free manufacturing process of high performance polymer hollow fiber membranes has always been a desirable direction. Therefore, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) as compatibilize, the polypropylene (PP)/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) hollow fiber membranes (PMEHFMs) with bimodal pore were manufactured via melt-spinning and stretching. Bimodal pore structure was constructed for improving the porosity and retaining the rejection performance. Based on the effect of EVOH on nucleation behavior and crystal growth of PP phase, the effect of annealing temperature on microscopic lamellar structure of hollow fibers with adding EVOH was investigated in detail, and the results were expected to guide the regulation of dual-scale structure of bimodal pore. With rising annealing temperature, long period of crystal (L) gradually increased, but thickness of lamellae (Lc) and rigid amorphous (Ltr) firstly increased and then decreased when annealing temperature increased to 160 °C, and optimum values were obtained when annealing temperature was 150 °C. The optimum crystallinity and lamellar orientation of annealed hollow fiber annealed at 150 °C were 48.48% and 0.863, respectively. As the annealing temperature increased, the most probable pore size of small scale pores in PMEHFMs increased firstly and then stabilized at 183 nm, which was correspond to the change of lamellar thickness in annealed hollow fibers. Whereas, the most probable pore size of large scale pores did not show a significant change trend. The porosity increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of annealing temperature, which was also correspond to the change of pure water fluxes of PMEHFMs. The porosity and pure water flux of PMEHFM reached the maximum when the annealing temperature was 150 °C.

Application of graphene and its derivatives in anticorrosion coatings: Research advances and future perspectives

BackgroundGraphene as a unique two-dimensional structure material has gained much attention due to its environmentally friendly properties, and competitive price. Good chemical stability and thermal stability make it stable in corrosive environments as well as high temperature conditions. Currently, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive and in-depth literature review on the use of graphene and its derivatives in protective coatings, with a focus on their protection mechanisms, dispersion techniques, orientation control, and functionalization. MethodThis article provides a conclusive review of the research on graphene-based composite anticorrosive coatings for metallic materials. It describes and discusses the mechanism, recent advances, and strategies. Focusing findings and achievements in the past decades. Further covers various state-of-the-art approaches to organic and inorganic modifications of graphene. Review the promotion of corrosion properties provided by the adaptation of functionalized graphene though grafting and nano-encapsulation techniques. Identifying the desirable characteristics and development direction for anticorrosion coatings with graphene introduced as filler. Significant findingsComprehensive and structural review of graphene and its derivatives in anticorrosion application was done from the aspect of its protection mechanism, dispersion methods, control over orientation, and functionalization. Some adverse properties and problems identified and the scope of further research on graphene in the anticorrosion application has been outlined.

Optimal structures for focusing and energy accumulation: mathematical models and intuition

Metamaterials and composite structures are able to manipulate waves and focus fields and currents in desirable directions. Designs based on spatial and temporal variation of material properties create structures forcing fluxes into specified parts of the domain or concentrating energy into arrays of progressively sharpening pulses. The paper discusses examples of focusing structures, mathematical and intuitive considerations that influence optimal design theory. The optimality requirement introduces zones of optimal composites with variable microgeometry. The observed absence of classical solutions motivates the extension of the class of optimal partitions to composites. Such materials also provide a solution to the problem of optimal design of a thermal lens focusing thermal fluxes when the incoming fluxes are not completely known in advance. An extension of designs to dynamical materials such as space–time checkerboard composites introduces metamaterials with additional capabilities that control the accumulation of energy in the propagating waves. The discussed mathematical methods of focusing and suitable properties alternation targeted on optimality are illustrated by physical examples.

Emergence of intelligent collective motion in a group of agents with memory.

Intelligent agents collect and process information from their dynamically evolving neighborhood to efficiently navigate through it. However, agent-level intelligence does not guarantee that at the level of a collective; a common example is the jamming we observe in traffic flows. In this study, we ask: how and when do the interactions between intelligent agents translate to desirable or intelligent collective outcomes? To explore this question, we choose a collective consisting of two kinds of agents with opposing desired directions of movement. Agents in this collective are minimally intelligent: they possess only a single facet of intelligence, viz., memory, where the agents remember how well they were able to travel in their desired directions and make up for their non-optimal past. We find that dynamics due to the agent's memory influences the collective, giving rise to diverse outcomes at the level of the group: from those that are undesirable to those that can be called "intelligent." When memory is short term, local rearrangement of agents leads to the formation of symmetrically jammed arrangements that take longer to unjam. However, when agents remember across longer time-scales, their dynamics become sensitive to small differences in their movement history. This gives rise to heterogeneity in the movement that causes agents to unjam more readily and form lanes.