Desirable Dietary Pattern Research Articles

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Pola Pangan Harapan pada Rumah Tangga di Kelurahan Ngijo Kota Semarang

A diverse food composition indicates good quality in the consumption pattern of the community. Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) is an indicator to assess the nutritional quality and diversity of food consumption in the community, so that the results can be the basis for evaluation in building food security. This study aims to analyze the achievement level of DDP in households and analyze the factors that influence it. The research location is Ngijo Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City. The research method used is a survey with quota sampling of 80 housewives. The data collection methods used are 2 x 24-hour food recall, interviews, and observations. Data analysis used are DDP analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that Ngijo Village had a DDP score of 85,07 and was classified as a good category in describing the diversity and quality of household food consumption patterns in it. Simultaneously, the variables of household income, number of household members, education of housewives, age of housewives, land utilization, and nutritional knowledge of housewives have an influence on the DDP score. While partially, the variables that influence the DDP score are household income, housewife education, and housewife nutritional knowledge.

Food Security Analysis of Melon Farmer Households During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Tuban Regency

The impact of the coronavirus entering Indonesia is felt by various parties, including farmer households. In addition to the obligation of farmers to supply food for the entire community, they are also pressured to pay attention to the nutritional intake of their households. High-nutrition food is needed during the COVID-19 pandemic to maintain immunity, but it is difficult to fulfill during the pandemic due to the increasing prices of food. If production and sales of agricultural products decrease, the ability of households to consume food that is suitable in quantity and quality will also decrease. However, the agricultural sector in Indonesia shows positive growth. This study aimed to determine the household food security of melon farmers based on 1) food quantity, from EAR and PAR results, and 2) food quality, from Desirable Dietary Pattern scores. Determination of the research location purposively. Food consumption data were obtained from food recall. The results of the analysis based on the quantity aspect showed that the average actual energy consumption was 1,854.78 kcal/capita/day (88.3%), while protein consumption was 68.47 grams/capita/day (120.1%). The results of the analysis of the quality of food consumption are 81.5, it can be seen that the household food consumption of melon farmers from the aspect of quantity and quality has not been achieved.

AKSESIBILITAS DAN POLA KONSUMSI PANGAN PESERTA DAN BUKAN PESERTA KEGIATAN PEKARANGAN PANGAN LESTARI (P2L) DI PEKON BAHWAY KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT

This research aims to analyze the level of vegetables accessibility of P2L participants and nonparticipants household, and identify the level of knowledge and consumption patterns of household participants and non-participants of the Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) activities. This research was conducted at Pelita Jaya Village using a survey method with a sample of 60 households consisting of 30 households participating in P2L activities, and 30 households nonparticipating in P2L activities. Data collection was carried out from May to August 2021. The data analysis method used was descriptive and verificative statistics. This method was used to measure the level of accessibility, the level of knowledge and food consumption patterns (scores of the Desirable Dietary Pattern (PPH)) of participating and nonparticipating households in P2L activities. The results showed that the level of accessibility of participant households was moderate, and that of nonparticipant households was difficult. The overall level of knowledge of P2L participated households regarding food diversification was better than that of nonparticipating households. The average PPH score for P2L participating households was 78.80 and that of nonparticipant households was 77.30. Key words: food accessibility, food consumption pattern, P2L, PPH

Improvement of desirable dietary pattern (Ddp) to support food security in Banggai Laut Regency

One of the ways to determine food independence is through the quality of the diversity of food consumption as measured by the Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) score. DDP can be used as a measure of nutritional balance and food diversity consumed by residents in an area. The desirable dietary pattern score is one of the indicators to measure the quality of regional food consumption. The maximum DDP score, which is 100, indicates a situation of diverse food consumption and good composition and nutritional quality. In fact, the DDP in Banggai Laut Regency has not been achieved. The basic method of this research is the method of share of food expenditure, consumption calculation, and share calculations. The location is determined by purposive sampling, while the sample using the census method by taking the entire population in Bangkurung and Banggai Tengah which are 88 respondents. The results showed that the Energy Sufficiency Analysis showed that respondents in Banggai Laut Regency were classified as food insecure in terms of energy adequacy absorption. Therefore, Food Expenditure Share Analysis showed that respondents were categorized as food insecure and the level of energy availability is equal to 2,189.23 kcal/cap/day, the level of protein availability is 58,696 gr/cap/day, and DDP consumption in is 78,59407.

Energy Adequacy Rate and Desirable Dietary Pattern of Horticultural Farmer Household in Probolinggo Regency during COVID-19 Pandemic

Household food security is an important concern for the government because it can describe food security in the smallest unit, namely household consumption. One of the government's policies regarding food security on the side of food absorption is through the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2012 namely the fulfillment of diverse, nutritious, balanced, and safe food consumption patterns. The research objectives are (1) To analyze the food security of horticultural farmers' households in terms of the Energy Adequacy Rate (EAR) in Probolinggo Regency, (2) To analyze the food security of horticultural farmers' households as seen from the Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) in Probolinggo Regency, and (3) To analyze the factors that influence the Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) in Probolinggo Regency. The results showed that food security in terms of quantity and quality still did not meet the recommendations. The actual EAR of horticultural farmers in Probolinggo Regency is 1867.76 kcal/capita/day, which is still below the normative or recommended EAR of 2,100 kcal/capita/day. The actual DDP score is 74.15 which states that the actual DDP is still below the normative DDP of 100. Two parameters have a significant effect on the dependent variable, namely farm income (X1) and dummy nutrition knowledge of housewives (DX2), while dummy education head of household (X3) has no significant effect.

Effectiveness of Nutrition and Exercise Counseling Combination on Desirable Dietary Pattern and Weight Loss

Effectiveness of Nutrition and Exercise Counseling Combination on Desirable Dietary Pattern and Weight Loss

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food and nutrition security in Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has negative impacts on the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) goal number 2: Zero Hunger. The poor and temporary unemployed, due to pandemic, experienced the hardest hit. Objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of the pandemic on the achievement of the SDGs goal 2, especially the targets 2.1 and 2.2 (universal access to safe and nutritious food and end all forms of malnutrition). The scope of this study was at the country level, and data used were from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS/Statistics Indonesia) and related ministries for the 2015‒2020 period. Data were analyzed using a qualitative and quantitative descriptive approach. This study indicated that the pandemic disrupted the improvement of food and nutrition security in Indonesia that has been achieved until 2019. Compared to the previous year, in 2020, the prevalence of undernourishment (8.34%) and food quality consumed measured by the desirable dietary pattern (86.3) worsened, and the prevalence of food insecurity experience scale (5.12%) decreased but at a slower rate. The low-income households and families headed by a women or disabilities were among the most vulnerable groups in maintaining food security. The government social assistance programs distributed timely have resulted in positive impacts in easing the burden. Since the pandemic has not ended yet, the social safety net programs should be extended and the government’s effort to maintain food supply and price stabilization should be continued.

Environmentally friendly household food consumption behavior

Natural resources, namely land and water, as the main input factors for food production have undergone degradation in quantity and quality. On the other hand, demand for food has been growing due to population increase, which requires to intensify the use of natural resources that may harm environment. One of the solutions to this problem is by managing household food consumption pattern. This study aimed to analyze current and eco-friendly household consumption behavior in Indonesia to overcome the above problem. A technical review was conducted to various nationally representative publications, mainly from Statistics Indonesia, Indonesian Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture. Results of this study indicated that in 2020 the Indonesian average daily energy and protein intake has met the recommendation. However, based on Desirable Dietary Pattern score, food consumption pattern was not balanced, dominated by cereals as carbohydrate food sources, while consumption of tubers, legumes, animal protein sources, vegetables, and fruits were still inadequate. Among high income households, consumption of animal products exceeded the recommendation whereas production of this food requires the highest environmental resources. Meanwhile, a large proportion of food waste are produced by household, mostly in the form of vegetables and fruits. Driving factors of household food selection were mainly based on social, economic, and cultural aspects rather than environmental consideration. Therefore, to reduce environmental damage, environmentally friendly food consumption behavior should be promoted. Government together with nutritionist and agronomists should create a grand design of food system which balances productivity, sustainability, and community nutrition fulfillment.

Pemanfaatan Paket ddp di Software R untuk Analisis Pola Pangan Harapan

Background: Desirable dietary pattern (DDP) is a variety of food nutrition intake that is calculated based on energy (calory) consumption. A DDP index close to 100 has a meaning that the food intake varies. Badan Ketahanan Pangan RI (BKP) and Nutrisurvey have developed a DDP index calculation software. As an alternative, ddp package of R software can be also calculated ddp index.Objectives: To apply the ddp package of Software R in calculating and analyzing DDP of individuals both descriptive and inferential analyses and to compare the ddp package with the application of PPH Susenas and Nutrisurvey Software. Methods: This research applied survey and simulation methods. The survey was conducted on the 3rd-semester students of the Food Technology Department, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa via an online survey. They administered both closed questions about dietary patterns and opened questions of a list of their daily food intake. Calculation and analysis of the DDP applied in the valid data in the ddp package of software R. The DDP analyses were followed by both descriptive and inferential analyses including t-test and simple linear regression.Results: The ddp packaged required 7 minutes to input the menu data of each person per day. Compared to Nutrisurvey, it required only 5 minutes. There were different results between the ddp package and Nutrisurvey because a category of food could absent in the Nutrisurvey databases. The harmonization application of the DDP analysis Susenas, on the other hand, had similar results. Both descriptive and inferential analyses as a further analysis can be applied easily. The descriptive analysis showed that the majority of respondents had a low value of energy, protein, and carbohydrate, while the inferential statistic resulted in that the food expenditure more than 70% significantly affected the DDP score.Conclusions: The ddp package could calculate and analyzed the DDP very well and had an equal result with the harmonization application of the DDP analysis susenas. Although the application process of the ddp package required a longer time than that of Nutrisurvey, the databases of the ddp package were more precise and suitable for the DDP calculation and analysis in Indonesia.

ANALISIS KETERSEDIAAN PANGAN KOTA MALANG

The research purposes are analyzing food availability, food procurement diversity, and analyzing target formulation, procurement necessity, and food production in Malang in 2016 - 2019. The analysis used is Food Balance Sheet (FBS) and Food Desirable Dietary Pattern (FDDP). The analysis result shows that the food availability in Malang is dominated by plant food source with 81,75 % of percentages. The total of energy availability value is 2.227 kcal/kap/day and protein 63,77 gram/kap/day. The quality of food availability measured with FDDP is 89,33 which shows that food diversity is not maximal yet. Overall, the food availability energy in Malang has not fulfilled Recommended Dietary Energy (RDE) standard and the protein is more than Recommended Dietary Protein (RDP), in which RDE ideal is 2.400 kcal/kap/day and RDP is 63 gram/kap/day. RDE and RDP of ideal food availability can be reached by increasing and decreasing food commodity group gradually from 2016 to 2019. The food commodity groups that need to be increased are such as; cereals, pulse nut and oil seeds, animal food, vegetable, and fruit. While the commodity groups that need to be decreased are such as starchy food, nut, oil and fat, animal food, and sugar.

The application of medoid-based cluster validation in desirable dietary pattern data

A desirable dietary pattern (DDP) index is an index to measure the balance and variance of the nutrition intake of an individual. This index is composed of the calory values of protein, fat, and carbohydrates. Grouping individuals based on the DDP index is required to measure and improve an individual food security state. We took 14 individual purposively as samples to fill a set of DDP questioner. They were asked about their daily food consumption. They were grouped based on the DDP variables. A 3-dimensional plot showed that there were three to four clusters. Then, medoid-based partitioning algorithms, namely partitioning around medoids (PAM) and simple k-medoids (SKM), were applied in the data set. The inputted distances were generalized distance function to vary the distance options. The cluster results were then validated by medoid-based shadow value validation. This index was comparable to the 3-dimensional plot such that four clusters were opted as the most suitable number of clusters. The barplot of the cluster results showed that cluster 1 was characterized by an abundance of fat, while cluster 2 had very sufficient carbohydrates. Cluster 3 and 4 were two clusters with opposite characteristics where the former had a shortage of protein, fat, and carbohydrates, while the latter had an abundance of them.

POLA KONSUMSI DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN DI DESA MAJA KECAMATAN KALIANDA KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN

This research aimed to analyze consumption pattern, food security level, and factors that influence the consumption pattern of household fisherman marker. This research was conducted by survey method. Location of this research was determined purposively in Maja Village, Kalianda District, South LampungRegency. The amount of research samples of 40 fisherman labor with the respondents in the research were the heads of household and housewives.The data was collected in April-May 2018. Data analysis method used was quantitative analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The consumption pattern was assessed by non-consecutively the Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) score based on the food recall of household consumption for 2x24 hours. The DDP score was calculated from the energy intake of each group of food consumed. The results showed that the number of types of food consumed by fisherman household was 10-13 kinds (62.5%) and the frequency of food consumed by fisherman household is rice. TheDesirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) score of fisherman household was 66.72. The level of food security of fishermanhousehold in Maja Village based on the results of cross classification between the level of energy sufficiency and share of food expenditure could be divided in four categories. There were11 households (27.5%) food resistant, 21 households (52.5%) less food, 4 households (10.0%) vulnerable food, and 4 households (10.0%) food insecure. The factors that influenced household’s consumption patterns at Maja Village were maternal age and household income.Key words: consumption patterns, fishing households, food security.

Home Garden, Desirable Dietary Pattern and Food Expenditure In Banjarnegara Regency

The study is based on the patterns of food consumption in the community that has not reached the minimum nutritional standard for activities. This study aimed to determine the impact of the Sustainable Food House Area (KRPL) Program on DDP score, energy consumption, protein consumption and household foodstuff expenditure in Banjarnegara Regency. Primary data were obtained from the KRPL and non-KRPL benefidciaries. Secondary data were obtained from Food Security Agency of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Central Java Province Food Security Department and the Banjarnegara Regency Food Security Department. The analytical tool used t-test between the KRPL beneficiary group and the non-KRPL beneficiary group. The analysis result indicated that there were significant differences in DDP scores, energy consumption, and foodstuff expenditure between the KRPL and non-KRPL groups. DDP score of KRPL group was higher than non-KRPL group. This indicated that consumption of the KRPL group was more diverse and nutritionally balanced. The energy consumption of the KRPL group was higher than the non-KRPL group, so that the energy adequacy of the KRPL group was closer to the recommended dietary allowance. Protein consumption in the KRPL group was higher and has met the recommended dietary allowance, while the non-KRPL group has not met the recommended dietary allowance. The foodstuff expenditure in the KRPL group was lower than the non-KRPL group because there were savings on the foodstuff expenditure. Thus, the KRPL Program has an impact on increasing DDP scores, energy consumption and savings on household food expenditure. Keywords : Sustainable Food House Area (KRPL), energy consumption, protein consumption, foodstuff expenditure, DDP score.

Household Dietary Patterns in Food Insecurity Areas

Dietary contributes to sustainable food security. Accordingly, attempts to elevate dietary patterns should be simultaneous and comprehensive, especially to the farmer community living in rural areas, who have two roles, i.e., producers and consumers. In response to that situation, this research aims to analyze household dietary patterns and contributing factors. This research was conducted in Wukirsari Imogiri Bantul. The data used in this research were primary data collected from 63 respondents selected using the cluster sampling approach. Dietary patterns were analyzed using 2×24-hour dietary recall data with a household measure unit and a Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP). Meanwhile, the contributing factors were analyzed using the Double Linear Regression Approach. Findings indicate that the Desirable Dietary Pattern in Wukirsari was monotonous, confirmed by the resulted DDP score of 60.62. Moreover, the significant factor with a partial impact on household dietary patterns was educational levels. Meanwhile, other factors, e.g., the number of family members, the age of the head of the family, income per capita, rice prices, beneficiaries, and the main job of the head of the family had a simultaneous significant impact, which was also partially insignificant, on dietary patterns.

POLA KONSUMSI PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PADA DESA PELAKSANA DAN BUKAN PELAKSANA PROGRAM PERCEPATAN PENGANEKARAGAMAN KONSUMSI PANGAN (P2KP) DI KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU

This research aims to analyze the pattern of food consumption, the pattern of processed local food consumption, and factors that affected the pattern of household food consumption in Pringsewu district. This research was conducted by survey method. Location of this research was determined purposively in Margosari Village North Pagelaran subdistrict as program implementers and Mulyorejo Village Banyumas subdistrict are not program implementers. The amount of research samples in this research was as many as 74 households who were selected by simple random sampling. The data was collected in month of Apri-May 2017. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistic analysis, and verification analysis by demand consumption function model. The result showed that the amount of energy consumption of Margosari village was 5,474.17 kcal/household/day and household energy consumption of Mulyorejo village was 4,745.22 kcal/household/day with their Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) score 78.24 and 68.96. Fried bananas was locally processed food sources of energy consumed and have the largest consumption frequency. Cassava was a local food that has the most processed product. Most of household got the processed local food by making them self. The pattern of household food consumption in Pringsewu district was influenced by the household income and number of household’s member.Key words: consumtion pattern, Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) score, local food

Food Security Analysis of Smallscale Fishermen in Karanggongso, Trenggalek Regency

Sea resources that open access are causing competitive competition among fishermen. This mainly affects 87.5% of small-scale fishermen in Indonesia who are commonly in poverty. The problems faced are the marketing and production institutions that have not been optimal also the mindset of fishermen who are still subsistence. One way that small-scale fishermen try to increase their income is processing fresh fish to become smoked fish (traditional methode). The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of food security of small-scale fishermen household who also do smoked fish processing activities (NKPA) compared to small-scale fishermen household who did not undertake smoked fish processing (NKNPA). The sampling method uses multi stage cluster sampling. Data analysis used an analysis of food security using the Desirable Dietary Pattern. From the results of the study on the quantity aspect, overall AKE and AKP values in NKPA were 100.71% (good category) and 119.35% (the conditions were very food-resistant) while the NKNPA were 82.58% (moderate category) and 101.50 % (the conditions were very food-resistant). In terms of quality, the calculation of Desirable Dietary Pattern consumption from NKPA had a score of 88.49 and NKNPA of 71.77 which means that the conditions are quite ideal.

Development of Score Computation Concept of Desirable Dietary Pattern as a New Approach for Measurement of Consumption Quality

Development of Score Computation Concept of Desirable Dietary Pattern as a New Approach for Measurement of Consumption Quality

ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL DIVERSITY OF STAPLE FOOD FOR LOCAL BUSINESS AND FOOD SECURITY IN KAIRATU BARAT SUB-DISTRICT MALUKU

Kairatu Barat is one of the sub-districts in Maluku that produce diversity of local staple foods. In this area, the local food has multiple functions as both staple food and potential business development. This study aims to analyze the potential of food development, food consumption patterns related to the food security, and the factors that influence food security in the Kairatu Barat. The methods that the writer uses in this analysis are Location Quotient (LQ), energy contribution on Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP), and multiple regression analysis method. The results of this study indicate that sago and sweet potato are the most superior commodities. The LQ value shows that sago is equal to 1.13. Meanwhile the value of sweet potato is 2.04. Moreover, the basic commodities in Kairatu Barat are also become a great business opportunities. The average energy contribution of the respondent households in the grain food group is 1,145 kcal whereas the tuber group is 146 kcal. The energy contribution of staple food in Kairatu Barat is higher than the ideal contribution. In addition, the culture of eating, the division of feeding in the family, nutrition and work knowledges are the factors that have a significant effect on food security.

HOW FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERN AND DIETARY DIVERSITY INFLUENCE FOOD SECURITY: EVIDENCE FROM DI YOGYAKARTA AND EAST NUSA TENGGARA

<p><em>Food is an essential need and its role is prominent to human life. In addition, food may have a positive contribution to develop human resources. According to Food Security Agency (Badan Ketahanan Pangan/ BKP), food consumption pattern should meet nutrition standards and follow desirable dietary pattern (Pola Pangan Harapan/ PPH). PPH indicates an overview of food that is consumed by people whether its contains good nutrient or not. This study aims to analyze food consumption pattern and dietary diversity in DI Yogyakarta and East Nusa Tenggara; and how they influence food security. The household data survey (Susenas) 2014 showed that PPH scores for DI Yogyakarta is higher than East Nusa Tenggara. From these scores, DI Yogyakarta has better food consumption pattern and leads to diverse food; in contrast, food consumption in East Nusa Tenggara has not lead to a healthy pattern. In DI Yogyakarta, people have been diversifying their consumption in accordance with the concept of PPH. This means that people have realized to meet their nutrition by consuming nutritious foods and help them not only to achieve food security but also nutrition security. Moreover, people have used local-based food to be consumed so that they do not depend on their current food. Whilst, in East Nusa Tenggara, people tend to meet their needs regardless their food has good nutrition or not. In addition, dietary diversity or PPH is influenced by some factors, such as education, family size, age of the household head, and expenditure.</em> These results confirm that <em>diverse consumption pattern showed high food security and those factors should be concerned to improve the quality of food consumption. </em></p>

Community food pattern and nutrition among toddlers in district of Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia

Aim of this study was to asses and formulate food consumption patterns among under five children in accordance with the desirable dietary pattern score and Recommended Dietary Allowances to the target of East Java’s desirable dietary pattern. Toddlers who have nutritional status less than normal are 29.44%. Toddlers with good nutritional status are 59.39% and obesity toddlers are 11.16 %. Families of respondents were able to provide the food of the crop and compound (p = 0.81; r = 0.11). The ability of the respondent’s family to buy vegetables with p = 0.06; r = 0.19. Animal side dish food spending patterns showed that the family of respondents who consume meat poultry, including eggs was 92.1%. Families fruits spending patterns of respondents was 70.8% had a habit of eating fresh fruit so that every day can be provided. The pattern of food consumption in Pacitan already reflected the pattern of nutritionally balanced food, especially in the fulfillment of carbohydrates, vegetable-sourced protein, animal-sourced protein. Nutritional status of toddlers was ideal. The main driving factor for the improvement of nutritional status of toddlers was nutrition awareness against food diversification.