Architectural Design Research Articles

ARQUITETURA BIOMIMÉTICA: COMO A NATUREZA É EXPLORADA NOS PROJETOS ARQUITETÔNICOS

The present work aims to analyze how biomimetic architecture draws inspiration from nature and how this contemporary approach has been applied to architectural projects worldwide. Through an exploratory research study, with bibliographic research procedures and a qualitative approach, the purpose of the investigation was achieved. Based on the information gathered throughout the research, the results obtained include: understanding how biomimetic architecture adapts architectural designs, the strategies and knowledge that transform the concept of architecture and nature, as well as the correlation between nature and biomimetic architecture in the contemporary world. Additionally, an analysis of projects that employed the biomimetic concept was conducted to understand how this methodology is applied in practice.

The Spatial Form of the Traditional Residences of Shanxi Merchants: A Case Study of Pingyao Ancient City, China

The Shanxi merchants were one of the top ten merchant groups in Chinese history. From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China, they contributed significantly to the prosperity of China’s financial industry while also developing traditional residences adapted to the local living environment. Nevertheless, current research lacks a thorough investigation into how Shanxi merchant culture influenced the spatial forms of these residences. This study aimed to analyze the spatial forms of three types of Shanxi merchant residences in Pingyao Ancient City through a case study approach, exploring the factors influencing their spatial forms and their relationship with local culture. The focus is on how the shop residence, workshop residence, and courtyard residence types reflect the interplay between commercial activities and the sociocultural background through their spatial arrangements. The findings indicate a high degree of integration between commercial and residential functions, highlighting the profound impact of Shanxi merchant culture on social hierarchy and family structure. This research provides new insights into the spatial forms of Shanxi merchant residences, offering implications for the adaptive reuse of residences in modern urban planning and architectural design, as well as providing a theoretical basis and reference for the preservation and regeneration of architectural heritage.

Design process of ruins of the Great East Japan Earthquake: Nakahama Elementary School

PurposeThis study clarifies the design process for preserving and opening Nakahama Elementary School, damaged in the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, to the public in 2020 as a museum facility that allows visitors to view the interior and learn about what was experienced here on March 11, 2011.Design/methodology/approachThere are several unique aspects of the processes for preserving Nakahama Elementary School and the design for reopening it as a disaster ruins and museum facility. This paper explains the significances of the processes and results and provides detailed insights from involvement in the design process and includes a detailed chronology of the process. It also deals with important questions raised regarding the preservation of disaster remains and what lessons should be conveyed to visitors based on the reality of the disaster experience on this site.FindingsOver 10 years, storytelling, committee recommendations, a master plan, regulations and renovation design were developed through a layered, step-by-step process to determine the meaning of the ruins. Rather than emphasizing earthquake threats or reconstruction achievements, it was important to understand the latent meaning of the site through stakeholder discussions, capture details of the disaster experience for visitors to relive and express the region’s unique disaster culture.Originality/valueThis original case study comprehensively describes administrative procedures and community relationships in preserving and utilizing disaster remains. As the author served on the initial study committee and continued to be responsible for the basic planning, architectural renovation design, exhibition planning and actual production of the guidebooks, the paper presents rare insights from the real experience of practical involvement in the planning and design process of the preservation of this heritage site.

Relocating a highly complex 5 million test per year hospital based laboratory - what you should know and what you should avoid

Abstract Introduction/Objective A highly complex hospital based laboratory performing 5 million test per year in New York City was commanded to relocate due to a clinical department need to expand. This presented a challenge regarding the obtention of a suitable new space within the existing facility, the architectural design to optimize the performance of both Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, the choice between acquirring brand new instrumentation versus relocation of the existing instruments. At the same time, we had to interact with hospital wide Facilities Management and Information Services/ Electronic Medical records. In addtion, for quality improvement and to alleviate the shortage of licensed technologist in our state, it was decided that a robotic line was to be implemented in the new facility. Methods/Case Report Several space options were assessed. Once the most suitable space was found a decision was made to move in two phases, Anatomic Pathology first, and subsequently Clinical Pathology. New work stations were purchased for Anatomic Pathology. New instruments were obtained for Chemistry, Immunology and Hematology. All instruments were validated.. Our laboratory information system had to be upgraded in order to support the robotic line, which is to be implemented after the Clinical Laboratory move. This will facilitate the expansion of in house provision of laboratory services to outpatient facilities / clinics expandin our outreach. The new space includes room to expand as well as abundant swing space. Our next phase includes the relocation of our Blood Bank and expansion of our Microbiology Services Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Due to delays in the obtention of the State Occupational permit the move was postponed several times. It was decided to move in two phases, once the permit was received. The Laboratory successfully moved in a two week period, and was fully operational overnight. Conclusion The Laboratory successfully moved in a two week period, and one week later we underwent a routine State inspection, in which the rigourous inspectos encountered very few deficiencies. The Laboratory is fully operational to the satisfaction of our clinical departmenst and preparing to the next phase including Blood bank and expanding our outreach program

Identifying shader sub-patterns for GPU performance tuning and architecture design

GPUs are increasingly playing vital roles in the modern technology industry. Improving the GPU performance involves optimizing its architectural design and fine-tuning its software code. However, to achieve this, engineers must investigate codes from as many GPU-related applications as possible to identify code portions that need fine-tuning. Moreover, this effort requires engineers to have good domain knowledge, and their work is made more arduous because the source codes of applications are normally confidential. To this end, we introduce ShaderAnalyzer, a solution leveraging graph mining and machine learning to analyze GPU-executed low-level machine codes and identify their fine-tuning opportunities. Our approach includes representing machine code with graph structure and subsequently identifying frequently occurring substructures within the codes. Optimizing the execution of these substructures can enhance the overall performance of the GPU. In addition, our model leverages these frequent patterns to further facilitate engineers’ tasks by selecting representative patterns to predict and investigate low-efficiency ones. We conduct comprehensive experiments to evaluate the performance of our solution, and the results have been validated by our industry partners. ShaderAnalyzer is an end-to-end framework that helps engineers identify code segments with the highest potential for performance gains after fine-tuning and offers valuable insights for hardware architects in future products design.

Development of a Building Evaluation Framework for Biophilic Design in Architecture

Biophilic design has gained prominence in architecture as a strategy to integrate natural elements into built environments, aiming to improve human comfort, well-being, and environmental sustainability. This paper critically reviews existing biophilic design frameworks, identifying gaps in their integration of health outcomes and the relationship between indoor and outdoor environments, with a primary focus on indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors such as air quality, natural light, thermal comfort, and acoustics. The review was conducted systematically, comparing frameworks using criteria such as health benefits, human–nature connections, and user satisfaction. Key findings highlight a lack of comprehensive frameworks that explicitly link biophilic design to measurable improvements in human health, comfort, and satisfaction. To address this gap, the study proposes an enhanced biophilic design framework that bridges IEQ-focused indoor environments with urban outdoor elements, prioritizing human comfort alongside environmental sustainability. The framework also emphasizes the role of post-occupancy evaluation (POE) in assessing the real-world performance of biophilic interventions, particularly in achieving user satisfaction and ensuring long-term effectiveness. This research contributes to the advancement of biophilic design by offering actionable strategies for architects, urban planners, and policymakers to adopt biophilic principles that create resilient, healthy, and sustainable spaces. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for empirical testing and validation of the proposed framework, including POE and user surveys, to assess its real-world impact on human well-being and satisfaction, thus setting the stage for future research.

Learning from Users: Everyday Playful Interactions to Support Architectural Spatial Changes

While there's growing interest in eliciting situated playful interactions with technologies in different contexts, how these interactions might shape everyday spaces still needs to be fully explored. To address this gap, this article aims to guide the architectural spatial changes by exploring everyday playful interactions of technology-adopted users in domestic spaces. We present our contributions in a two-fold study: First, through an extensive diary study involving 13 technology-adopted residents in gated communities, where distinct boundaries offer increased opportunities for playful interactions, we identified four playful themes: (1) creating and expanding play-spaces, (2) balancing play and comfort, (3) intertwining imagination with spatial experience, and (4) gamifying household interactions. Secondly, by building on these themes, we outline three design implications to inform architectural design processes, aiming to translate everyday playful interactions into tangible spatial changes. These implications include adapting shape-changing and wearable technologies for playful flexibility, embedding new forms of communications within infrastructures, and turning homes into interactive entities with multi-sensory technologies. While these findings provide a starting point for exploring new architectural design possibilities in similar environments, further research with architects, policymakers, and design researchers in the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Human-Building Interaction (HBI) fields is essential to actualizing these changes.

Study on Supply Chain Rearrangement to Improve Supply Chain Performance of Sambal Sauce in Company X Case Study using the Enterprise Architecture Design method that utilizes Industrial Revolution 4.0 Technology based on Hybrid Technology

Company X is a large enough producer of Sambal Sauce to supply Meatball traders in Indonesia. Many problems in this supply chain include the occurrence of unhealthy competition between internal networks, both between agents and other networks that intersect between supply regions, market prices are not uniform, the availability of field products is not maintained, the uncertainty of delivery from the previous supply from the Supply Chain, high Debts and Receivables from Distributors, the certainty of product delivery to the Supply Chain from Producers, The certainty and stability of the delivery of Sambal Sauce Raw Materials to the Factory, unstable quality of raw materials, and many other problems. Of course, this needs to be fixed immediately, considering that it will be a turning point for product returns if this problem continues. The following is a deeper study of what and why this happens, how to solve the problem, and concrete efforts to solve the problem analytically using the Enterprise Architecture Design method by utilizing Hybrid Technology-based Industrial Revolution 4.0 Technology.

Evolution of Information Technology: A Comprehensive Review

Pervasive computing, wireless sensor networks, and M2M communication have fuelled the Internet of Things. The IoT connects and interacts with many physical items using unique internet addresses. This article covers the structure and technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Things (IoT) needs a standard structure. Thus, it begins with a complete explanation of architectural designs and then discusses communication protocols and standards. The article also includes a succinct review of common IoT protocols and standards, helping the reader comprehend the topic. It also provides concrete solutions and tactics for addressing Internet of Things issues. The essay culminates by demonstrating the practical applications of the Internet of Things (IoT). Nolan's Stages Theory offered a new perspective on commercial IT development in 1973. The rapid digital revolution has changed its underlying foundation, despite its continuous use. The initial idea focused on IT in production. Later, it expanded to include the complex relationship between IT and organisational strategy. Since its inception, the methodology has helped business and IT leaders navigate IT adoption without technical details. Nolan's Stages Theory still applies, but cloud computing, artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things require a more evolved approach. The rapid progress of technology has blurred the barriers between IT and other company functions, requiring a complete digital transformation strategy. Information systems and organisational structures have grown in importance and interconnection. As firms gained independence and flexibility, IT systems developed. IT integration into key company activities has transformed it into a strategic enabler. Nolan's strict methodology provides valuable insights into history, but it limits understanding of the dynamic and transformational forces altering the digital landscape. Contemporary studies emphasise the need for flexible and adaptive frameworks to accommodate the rapid pace of technological advances and their impact on organisational structures and business models. Nolan's Stages Theory is still significant in IT administration, although it has limitations in today's networked and data-driven business contexts. Future research should develop sophisticated and forward-thinking models to help organizations navigate the digital transition.

An Entanglement-Aware Middleware for Digital Twins

The development of the Digital Twin (DT) approach is tilting research from initial approaches that aim to promote early adoption to sophisticated attempts to develop, deploy, and maintain applications based on DTs. In this context, we propose a highly dynamic and distributed ecosystem where containerized DTs co-evolve with an orchestration middleware. DTs provide digitalized representations of the targeted physical systems, while the orchestration middleware monitors and re-configures the deployed DTs in light of application constraints, available resources, and the quality of cyber-physical entanglement. First, we lay out the reference scenario. Then, we discuss the limitations of current approaches and identify a set of requirements that shape both DTs and the orchestration middleware. Subsequently, we describe a blueprint architecture that meets those requirements. Finally, we report empirical evidence on both the feasibility and the effectiveness of a proof-of-concept implementation of the proposed ecosystem.

Environmental Design Teaching with the Integration of Traditional and Modern Techniques

Background: Environmental management considers the architecture in design, planning, programming, or manufacturing. It intends to create places that recover the cultural, social, ecological, and physical architecture of certain locations. However, traditional teaching methods are indeed employed. Modern technologies serve as supplemental tools. The current method of instruction is a step toward contemporary technology.Objective: Examining environmental design training using conventional and contemporary techniques was the aim of the study. Method:We collected survey data for this investigation. 400 students completed and submitted the questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to present the data. The research examines well-known visualization tools and traditional contemporary presentation techniques.Result: According to the study, architecture students rated modern technologies more satisfactory than traditional methods, indicating higher quality facilities and services. Modern technology in Environmental Design Teaching enhances learning experiences by reducing time consumption (65%), increasing efficiency (85%), offering flexibility (65%) and improved visualization (90%), and facilitating better documentation (80%), leading to higher student satisfaction (87%).Conclusion: Integrating traditional and modern architectural design techniques enhances learning experiences and efficiency, resulting in more effective and innovative design solutions through advanced tools and methods.

Exploring the Vital Role of Colors and Shapes in Architectural Design and Education

This study investigates the crucial influence of color and form on architectural design and architecture education, highlighting how these elements shape the aesthetics of the built environment and impact human experiences. The central problem addressed is the need to understand the interaction between color and form in creating spaces that evoke specific emotions and cultural narratives, contributing to an architecture that goes beyond functionality. The importance of this study lies in demonstrating how the careful integration of these elements can enrich the built environment and improve the quality of architectural education. The methodology adopted includes the analysis of case studies and expert opinions, along with the exploration of innovative methods in the teaching of architecture, which combine practical learning, virtual simulations and interdisciplinary collaboration. The results indicate that an in-depth understanding of the dynamic relationship between colors and shapes allows architects, but also society in general, to enhance their creativity, contributing to a more culturally significant and aesthetically impactful built environment.

Application of artificial intelligence in construction

This paper mainly introduces the application and assistance of artificial intelligence in architecture and construction cost, as well as the future prospects and development trends. The study adopts a quantitative research design of survey research and data collection method of literature analysis. In addition, it can further explore the innovative applications of artificial intelligence in architectural design, such as spatial planning optimization based on big data analysis and simulation experience through virtual reality technology. At the same time, it can also deeply explore the role of artificial intelligence in the automated management of construction processes, material selection optimization, etc., and give detailed explanations with specific cases. In addition, when discussing the future prospects and development trends, it can consider the prediction of the impact of the continuous evolution of artificial intelligence technology on the construction industry, such as the wider application of machine learning algorithms in project management, the gradual maturity of intelligent sensor systems in building equipment monitoring. At the same time, it can also analyze the profound impact of artificial intelligence on the future development of the construction industry from economic, social and environmental angles, and put forward corresponding solutions.

Technological advancements and the vision of a meta smart twin city

Recent digital advancements have led the construction industry to reassess its core principles. Critical issues such as construction site impacts, aesthetics, methodologies, and sustainability are under rigorous scrutiny. The challenges hindering the digital transformation of construction remain unclear. Addressing the technical questions of when, where, why, and how the industry is evolving is crucial, especially as digital operations become more prevalent compared to traditional methods.The “digital twin” concept has emerged as a key approach in shaping the industry's future. Integrating Building Information Modelling (BIM) with the Internet of Things (IoT) has enhanced project engagement, though challenges persist. Traditionally, a digital twin represents the construction process and its interactions. But it misses the transactional and experiential aspects that integrate users into the process. Technologies like blockchain and the metaverse, combined with the digital twin, offer insights into the future of construction projects. Municipalities that adopt digital twins and metaverse representations of their commercial activities throughout construction phases are likely to set future standards for societal specifications.As some specifications such as architectural designs should be grounded in the diverse aspirations and experiences sought by citizens. This paper aims to explore the ways digital twins, smart urban environments, blockchain technology, and other reality capture datasets contribute to the vision of digital and physical construction domains. It examines the interaction and convergence of new spatial constructs, highlight the critical role of data acquisition technologies, and present a comprehensive framework for user experience and the future of Meta Smart Twin Cities.

A Neural Architecture Search CNN for Alzheimer’s Disease Classification

The evolution of automated machine learning (AutoML) is gradually reengineering the design of deep learning architectures for various imaging tasks. AutoML effectively develops model architectures and tunes hyperparameters through neural architecture search (NAS). Deep learning model architecture design is generally considered a tedious and time-consuming task that requires mastery skills to develop robust and better-performing models for imaging tasks. Again, the model's hyperparameters must be well-tuned to ensure optimal performances, which can be tedious and time-consuming if the hyperparameters are manually selected; using existing hyperparameter optimization algorithms can be expensive regarding resources. This study addresses these challenges in developing an optimal convolutional neural network (CNN) for classifying Alzheimer's (AD). The study, therefore, adopted a NAS approach to generate a CNN model architecture using a customized search space comprising only CNN patterns implemented with a NAS framework. The search was done for ten (10) trials, yielding a CNN architecture with an accuracy of 95.85% and a loss of 0.22. Training the model with a 10-fold cross-validation approach using a 0.0009 learning rate for 150 epochs improved the model's performance. The model recorded 97.17% accuracy, 97.21% precision, 97.14% recall, and a 0.99 area under the curve (AUC) in classifying AD as one of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal control (NC). The model obtained 98.06%, 98.66%, and 98.62% accuracy on binary classes of AD/NC, AD/MCI, and NC/MCI, respectively. The model generally showed robustness and better performance than existing CNN architectures.

Enhancing Sensitivity and Selectivity: Current Trends in Electrochemical Immunosensors for Organophosphate Analysis.

This review examines recent advancements in electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of organophosphate pesticides, focusing on strategies to enhance sensitivity and selectivity. The widespread use of these pesticides has necessitated the development of rapid, accurate, and field-deployable detection methods. We discuss the fundamental principles of electrochemical immunosensors and explore innovative approaches to improve their performance. These include the utilization of nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene for signal amplification; enzyme-based amplification strategies; and the design of three-dimensional electrode architectures. The integration of these sensors into microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices has enabled miniaturization and automation, while screen-printed and disposable electrodes have facilitated on-site testing. We analyze the challenges faced in real sample analysis, including matrix effects and the stability of biological recognition elements. Emerging trends such as the application of artificial intelligence for data interpretation and the development of aptamer-based sensors are highlighted. The review also considers the potential for commercialization and the hurdles that must be overcome for widespread adoption. Future research directions are identified, including the development of multi-analyte detection platforms and the integration of sensors with emerging technologies like the Internet of Things. This comprehensive overview provides insights into the current state of the field and outlines promising avenues for future development in organophosphate pesticide detection.

Overview of “Landscape Architecture Research and Design for Urban and Peri-Urban Environments”

Landscape architecture and design research is becoming increasingly relevant due to rapid urbanization and its impact on urban and peri-urban environments [...]

THERMAL IDENTIFICATION BASED ON BUILDING ENVELOPE, SHAPE & ORIENTATION USING SEFAIRA SIMULATION METHOD. (CASE STUDY OF BUILDING B, ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG)

The building envelope, which serves as the boundary layer between the interior and exterior, plays a crucial role in regulating heat exchange. The shape of the building also impacts heat distribution and airflow within and around the structure. The orientation of the building, particularly in relation to the sun, determines how much solar radiation it receives, directly affecting the building's thermal load.Using Sefaira, a building performance simulation software, researchers can visualize and optimize these thermal aspects. This simulation allows them to experiment with various scenarios related to the building envelope, shape, and orientation to achieve ideal thermal conditions, which are not only comfortable for occupants but also energy-efficient.The findings of this research are expected to provide new insights into sustainable architectural design, especially in tropical regions like Lampung. By understanding and applying the correct thermal principles, buildings can be designed to minimize energy usage for cooling or heating, supporting efforts to reduce the impacts of climate change

Testing Mortars for 3D Printing: Correlation with Rheological Behavior

Three-dimensionally printed concrete is a transformative technology that addresses housing shortages due to population growth and enables innovative architectural designs. The objective of this study is to investigate the connection between a conventional test and the rheological properties of 3D-printed concrete. A more precise assessment of material quality based on traditional evaluation techniques is proposed. Standard tests are conducted to evaluate the consistency of 3D-printed concrete materials. Complementarily, a rheometer is employed to accurately measure key rheological properties, thereby establishing a link with empiric testing methodologies. The correlation between the flow table test and rheological coefficients, such as yield stress and viscosity, has been identified as the most effective in basic experiments for evaluating material behavior. This approach allows for a preliminary assessment of printability without the need for additional complex equipment. The study has successfully established a relationship between flow table tests and rheological parameters. However, further research involving a broader range of materials and print-test experiments is essential to enhance the correlation between other conventional testing methods and rheometer results.

Spontaneous decision-making behavior: correlation of electrodermal activities to an architecture design time-problem

Spontaneous decision-making behavior: correlation of electrodermal activities to an architecture design time-problem