View Of Design Research Articles

Multimodal Analysis and Meaning Construction of Olympic Mascots in the Framework of Visual Grammar

The mascot of the Olympic Games embodies the designer's unique views on the concept of activities, shows the long-term and profound cultural connotation of the host country, and is the symbolic expression of national cultural symbols. According to the visual grammar framework of Kress and van Leeuwen, this paper compares the meaning construction mechanism of Bing Dwen Dwen and Fuwa mascots from the perspective of reproduction, interaction and composition, and discusses the application of visual representation, the mechanism of cultural identity and the transformation of Olympic concepts in China.

Improvement of a phase change heat storage system by Blossom-Shaped Fins: Energy analysis

The present paper introduces a novel latent heat storage system applicable to hot water systems equipped with a Phase Change Material (PCM) and a Novel set of Blossom-Shaped Fins (BSFs). The water supplied by the collector is injected into the heat exchanger as a Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF). The PCM is charged during the daytime and will be reused as a primary system to supply the building's heating load at nighttime. The system's performance is investigated for various geometrical parameters, including the fin-number, fin's degree of compactness, fin-height, and the combined-fin heights/pin. Moreover, thermodynamic optimization through exergy analysis is applied to give better insights into the system's performance and efficiency. Results imply that both the variations of the fin-number and the fin's degree of compactness improve the charging time by 17% and 2%, respectively. Moreover, the fin-number variations positively affect the exergy efficiency by 6%, while compactness of fins shows a converse behavior with an 8% reduction in the exergy efficiency. On the other hand, the fin height/pin parameter variations improve the melting performance by 15% while having fewer exergy efficiencies. In addition, reducing the fin-height parameter improves the exergy efficiency of the case with the least melting time by 25% while associated with the most prolonged melting duration. Hence, considering the different impacts of geometric parameters on the exergy efficiency and the storage time, one should pay attention to the designer's view and climate conditions to choose the suitable heat exchanger based on the desired application. If the storage time is limited, the combined fin height/pin is preferred. Otherwise, the fin-height might be a better candidate to achieve higher exergy efficiencies and system performance.

Automatic and Simultaneous Floorplanning and Placement in Field-Programmable Gate Arrays With Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration Based on Genetic Algorithm

Using dynamic partial reconfiguration (DPR) feature in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) systems seems inevitable by considering the tremendous benefits, such as reduced cost and power. Nowadays, manual floorplanning is one of the difficulties in implementing DPR systems, which relies on the designer's views and his command over designing the concepts for arranging the modules on the physical layout of the FPGA more efficiently, as the results of floorplanning can influence the next stages, such as the placement. In other words, placement and floorplanning that are separately conducted in the today's tools are interdependent and the floorplanning results play a role in the placement and vice versa. This article aimed to propose a method for conducting floorplanning and placement simultaneously in DPR systems according to the genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed algorithm was tested on 20 largest MCNC benchmark circuits with DPR-support capability. Based on the results, wirelength and critical path delay improved by 14% and 17%, respectively, compared with Xilinx's early access partial reconfiguration design flow (EAPR). However, area and runtime increased by about 2% and 8%, respectively. The proposed method was also compared with other research that uses B* tree and simulated annealing algorithm. The results showed that our proposed algorithm is competitive in various parameters with other research.

A Design Thinking Rationality Framework: Framing and Solving Design Problems in Early Concept Generation

The concept of “Design Thinking” opens up debate regarding the prevalent human–computer interaction design practice. This article focuses specifically on the cognitive processes of designers during their early design activities. Two groups of designers—experts and novices—were asked to develop a fictitious vacuum cleaner. We then examined the different ways in which these groups manage their design thinking processes and how the groups choose design concepts. The empirical study revealed that expert designers are effective at framing design problems. They make quick decisions (through the use of the affect heuristic) but are more wedded to their own previously developed design concepts, which they do not change in subsequent design stages. In contrast, novice designers are less skilled in framing new design problems but better able to renounce their initial design concepts. These diverse design thinking approaches are linked to potential problems. We then discuss how to address these concerns in conjunction with empathy for the artifact (i.e., artifact empathy via the mediated self) or user (i.e., user empathy via the simulated self), problem framing with second-order semantic connotations, and irrationality when analyzing design solutions. Finally, we propose a design thinking rationality framework that can establish a designer's view of design activities and thereby assist designers educated in both creative and rational design decisions.

A designer's view: The perspective of form and function

Perspectives are domain-specific strategies employed by experts in a specific field to formulate and investigate questions. Such strategies may therefore serve as good models for acquiring knowledge. Based on this premise, we developed the perspective of form and function, as used by both biologists and technical designers, into a tool for constructing knowledge in primary science education. Firstly, we developed a model of the perspective of form and function. It proved possible to make one model for both biological and technical practice. In order to ascertain whether primary school students could acquire the perspective of form and function, the model of the perspective of form and function was then developed into a learning tool dubbed the ‘designer's glasses’. During lessons, the students (aged 11) learned to use the tool to translate from function to form and vice versa, for both technical and biological phenomena. The ‘designer's glasses’ helped the students to analyse and compare technical and biological designs and increased their observational skills and understanding of design. However, specific coaching by the teacher was needed to achieve the necessary steps in observation and discussion.

Digital human modelling for user-centred vehicle design and anthropometric analysis

Digital human modelling (DHM) is discussed as a design tool in the context of user-centred design, with a focus on DHM usage for anthropometric analysis in occupant packaging tasks in the vehicle interior design process. References are made to concepts of inclusive design, user-centred design, design cognition and design methodology. Examples are presented to illustrate how DHM can be of great use to the vehicle designer, but also to show some of the difficulties involved. This includes the complexity in considering anthropometric variation of the targeted product users in multivariate design problems, such as the design of vehicle interiors and suggestions on how to deal with this difficulty in an industrial design setting. Overall, the paper takes a designer's view of DHM tools and illustrates how the tools can be of value in the design process, but also considers what implications this has on the functionality and usability of the tools.

1301 サービスの改善における設計戦略の分析

Manufacturing industries recently have shifted from being simple sellers to service providers to meet various needs of customers. Customer value is enhanced by advancing quality of service. For improving service, service designers need to consider characteristics of service that are, for example, human element and personal attention in addition to functional aspects. Generally, service is improved depending on designer's view point and as occasion arises. In this paper, we clarify what is changed/good about excellent service cases by describing the cases with Service Engineering model. Our purpose is to sort out the necessary points for improving service and systemize approaches in improvement design. As a result, service designers can establish design strategy toward enhancing customer value.

La représentation de points de vue dans le système d'aide à la décision en cancérologie KASIMIR

In this paper, we introduce the knowledge representation ba sed on viewpoints on which relies the KASIMIR system, aimed at decision helping in oncology. The design ofview- points is considered on both theoretical and practical leve ls, and takes its place in the range of work on the subject that has a rather long history in the dom ain of object-based knowledge representation systems. From the theoretical side, the vie wpoints are considered within the dis- tributed description logic C-OWL, that allows the explicitrepresentation and manipulation of viewpoints. From the practical side, an operational implem entation of viewpoints in C-OWL within an application in oncology shows how viewpoints are d esigned, and how they can be

IBM TotalStorage Enterprise Storage Server: A designer's view

In this paper, we describe the background, objectives, and major decisions associated with the design of IBM TotalStorage™ Enterprise Storage Server® (ESS), IBM's high-end disk storage system. We first present a brief history of disk storage development over the past three decades and then describe ESS architecture and basic functions. Next we discuss the goals associated with the design of ESS and the methods used to achieve these goals. We then explore some design decisions that significantly affected ESS architecture and performance, and we conclude with some comments about possible future enhancements.

Requirements management—A tool designer's view

AbstractThe third issue of the Journal in 2001 contained two interesting articles concerning requirements management, one about requirements completeness and one about use of requirements management tools for verification management. The latter also included a challenge to tool developers to produce tools that meet the combined requirements from requirements and verification management. The issues in the articles are discussed from a tool developer's point of view. Concerning the issue of requirements' completeness, it is suggested that we should not try to reach completeness, but rather “sufficiency” with a changing meaning through a project's life cycle. Concerning use of requirements management tools for verification, it is explained how the three processes of requirements management, design, and verification must be concurrent and interacting, something that must be recognized by the designers of the tools used. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 5: 145–150, 2002

Joining issues for new constructional steels

Joining and related fabrication issues that must be considered in modern steel development are described. The fabricator's view is presented in relation to the received steel quality, productivity and fabrication issues, and flaw avoidance using existing and newly developed welding processes. The designer's view is then linked to potential issues for modern steels concerning joint strength, toughness, fatigue strength, and corrosion. Finally, implications for the steel developer are presented, including some recommendations related to the protection of the environment.

Treatment plant of 2050: a designer's view

Treatment plant of 2050: a designer's view

Stability and protection of CICCs: an updated designer's view

This paper gives un update on stability and protection of CICCs, with the main focus on simple analytical formulae to be used for cable design purposes. The status of the present understanding is reviewed, collecting the main results as far as possible into a consistent notation. Various additional aspects of present interest are briefly discussed, such as special cable configurations (hybrid cables, cables with additional cooling channels) and operation in superfluid helium. Some considerations on cable current distributions, and its effect on cable stability, are given.

The surgical workstation: An industrial designer's view

SummaryRecent technical developments have substantially changed operating equipment for laparoscopic surgery. New devices offer a variety of functions, but also increase technical complexity in the operating room (OR), as well as the overall costs for equipment. In most cases, these are multiple, discrete, single-function devices which cannot be handled and controlled entirely and directly by the surgeon. The ‘OR Server’ is a new approach to the concept of an integrated single-unit workstation for minimally invasive surgery. It has been designed by industrial designers, in cooperation with surgeons and engineers, to incorporate the idea of ‘maximum use and minimum overall cost at maximum ergonomics’. It offers direct adjustment and control of: pressure-controlled gas insufflation; infinitely variable high frequency surgery; suction and temperature-controlled irrigation; electronically-controlled light source; on-demand video documentation and transmission into lecture rooms; telecommunication; data and device networks [1]. The clearly arranged all-in-one device aims to reduce the surgeon's stress by directly providing all relevant information and control. A central user interface offers consistent, coherent handling and simplifies the ‘devices’ use, cutting down both surgery time and error rates (and therefore saving money). The ‘OR Server’ presents itself as an integral part of a future ‘fully networked’ surgery, allowing all surgical data to be used for documentation, simulation, training, remote applications, pre-programming and constant improvement of all procedures.

Earthquake effects on low-rise steel buildings in high seismicity areas: a designer's view

Modern seismic design codes impose severe ductility requirements for the design of steel structures in high seismicity areas, such as Greece. However, in practice, the design of low-rise and especially single storey steel buildings, which cover the majority of cases, is usually governed by loading combinations other than the seismic-load combination, even if seismic forces are determined for nondissipative behaviour. The present paper investigates the issue of disregarding the severe ductility requirements of the seismic codes in the design of low-rise steel buildings, in those cases where nondissipative behaviour is assumed. The paper proposes a rational approach aimed at an economic design, while safeguarding structural integrity under strong earthquake motion.

Application of fuzzy decision to optimization of induction motor design

This paper describes a maximizing decision making scheme employing fuzzy set theory for the optimal design of induction motors. The fuzzy maximizing decision making is combined with a motor synthesis method, which can reflect the designer's experience, view and judgment. The proposed algorithm is applied to a multiobjective optimization of an induction motor design.

Modelling group decision making: Some important aspects for system design

Abstract The discussion on work flexibility in organizations seems to be promising in terms of self-determination and autonomy of the concerned people. Computer systems offer features to articulate preferences of tasks and times. Therefore the work planning process could be more democratic, since the workers could participate in the decision-making procedure actively. The article investigates how a decision situation can be modelled in order to design a technical support system. In addition it will be analysed as to which social and group dynamic aspects play crucial roles–from a system designer's view. Empirical data on time management processes of various working groups serves as discussion example.

Views of work and the design and use of group support systems

The view of work embodied in a group support system constitutes a designer's understanding of how work gets done in collaborative settings. This paper argues that a designer's view of collaborative work shapes the design space of a group support system. This in turn affects the system's functionality, as well as the manner in which it is used. An analysis of the views of work underlying four group support systems used in research and commercial domains, reveals sharp differences in their perspectives on collaborative work. Our approach suggests three implications. First the design process should be driven by an explicit articulation of the view of work. Second, examining convergence between a system's view of work and the work practices of a setting, can usefully indicate whether the system is appropriate for the setting. Finally, research on the mediating role of the view of work in the effectiveness of group support systems, can lead to a richer understanding of the impact of such systems.

High-temperature superconducting materials: Requirements for magnet conductors—-A magnet designer's view

Abstract This paper discusses important superconducting magnet issues that impact conductors and shows that it is a long journey for any superconducting material, low temperature or high temperature, to become a magnet conductor. Design issues unique to NMR magnets are also discussed. Coil parameters are presented for a 1-GHz NMR magnet based entirely on low-temperature superconductor (LTS). The parameters show that in such 1-GHz NMR magnets, the axial length of the longest winding section can approach 3 meters. The paper concludes with discussion of conductor-related design issues and areas for further research and development for high-temperature superconductors (HTS) for use in 1-GHz NMR magnets.

Two sculpture displays: The designer's view

(1992). Two sculpture displays: The designer's view. Museum Management and Curatorship: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 235-255.