Design Of Test Equipment Research Articles

Design and research of an electric unmanned aerial vehicle power system

An Electric power test system of UAVs is presented, which can be applied to validate the efficiency of UAV propulsion systems and provide reliable verification for propeller numerical calculations. The design proposal, working principle, test equipment and test experiment is introducted. Reliability of various functions of the system is examined and assessed through the multiple comparisond tests, which indicates that, when subjected to identical conditions, the numerical solutions for propeller thrust, torque, and motor efficiency exhibit average errors of 1.02%, 10%, and 10.04%, respectively. The results indicate that the power system test platform effectively validates numerical calculation results, providing reliable engineering application value for general UAV propulsion system research. The findings of this study offer support for optimizing power systems of the UAV, providing valuable references for future engineering applications and development.

The effect of refrigerant filling pressure on split AC performance with variations in refrigerant R22, R134A, and R290

R-22 refrigerant has been recognized as a major cause of climate change and ozone layer depletion, leading to increased interest in finding more environmentally friendly alternatives. Two alternatives being considered are R-134a and R-290. The main objective of this research is to compare the Coefficient of Performance (CoP) performance of split ACs using three types of refrigerants, namely R-22, R-134a, and R-290, taking into account the environmental impact and operational efficiency. The research method involved retrofitting a 1 PK split AC which initially used R-22 with three different types of refrigerant as an experiment. The research process includes test equipment design, equipment installation, and feasibility testing before carrying out experimental testing. Tests were carried out with variations in refrigerant charging pressure of 70 psi, 75 psi, 80 psi, 85 psi, and 90 psi. The research results showed that the largest COP was found in the R-290 refrigerant, reaching a value of 0.86 at a filling pressure of 90 Psi. The largest COP value for R-22 was also found at a filling pressure of 90 psi, namely 0.66. Meanwhile, R-134a achieved the highest COP value at a filling pressure of 90 psi, with a value of 0.57 at a variation of refrigerant filling pressure of 90 Psi. In conclusion, this study provides better insight into the efficiency and environmental impact of the three types of refrigerants discussed. It also provides a useful information basis for the selection of suitable refrigerants in split air conditioning systems, with the aim of environmental conservation and achieving optimal performance

The test bench for simulation impact of core saturation on the current transformer on coordination of inverse relay protection

When the measurement-type Current Transformer (CT) is used for protection schemes, this condition causes problems related to the operation of the protection relay. This performance can provide the right output to be captured by the relay when using the CT type of protection system, and measurement CT will be appropriately used as a measurement instrument. When the primary current is greater, the denser the flux flowing in the iron core, and when a certain primary current value is reached, the iron core is unable to accommodate the flux that must be flowed. As a result, the value Es is unable to rise again, so the error ratio begins to rise, and the secondary current output is distorted. This research aims to design a tool that can display the distortion that occurs in the secondary current, and this research will evaluate its impact on the characteristics of the inverse-type overcurrent relay. The research method is R&D (Research & Development) by configuring a prototype analog test table so that saturation occurs on the CT connected to the protection relay. The results of the research Simulation of protection coordination failure due to core saturation can be shown, and the design of core saturation test equipment can be demonstrated. The root cause of core failure can be traced from the disconnection time deviation that occurs at the protection relay. The design of core saturation test equipment can be implemented to display protection failures due to core saturation and show the correlation between the voltage excitation curve and relay disconnection time. Testing CT ratio 30/5 with a burden of 1.5 VA, the operating limit is 183.3% of the primary rated rating, meaning that for CT with a primary rated current of 30 amperes, testing up to 60 amperes shows the results have not occurred core saturation.

Mechanical Vibration Test Equipment Design Laboratory Capacity for Automotive Industry

Mechanical Vibration Test Equipment Design Laboratory Capacity for Automotive Industry

Design Of Generator Test Equipment With Microcontroller-Based Dummy Load Heating Element With Fuzzy Logic Method

New power plants are urgently needed to support the needs of the community and industry in accordance with government regulations on the need for renewable energy sources. However, in its implementation, the construction of this new power plant is hampered by the absence of facilities and infrastructure, especially the technology that supports it, one of which is pre-operation activities. At this stage, it is necessary to test the generators that will be used in the plants. Generators are an important component in the electricity system. Meanwhile, research on generator testing is still rare, as are the tools that support the process of generator testing. This study aims to design a generator test tool so that this test can take place more effectively and efficiently. In general, the testing method uses a dummy load so that the load on the generator can be manipulated. With fuzzy logic control on dummy load control, the testing process can be done more optimally and can be monitored on a larger system. The results of this study showed current measurement with a maximum error of 1.64%, voltage measurement with a maximum error of 0.5%, frequency measurement with a maximum error of 0.4%, and a maximum control error of 5.7%. The automation system applied is still limited to monitoring electrical parameters.

Wireharness continuity test equipment design microcontroller-based aircraft module and atmega328p NRF24l01+ Wireless

In the manufacture of aircraft there are systems - systems that are very complex and must be integrated with each other, these systems are integrated with each other with wireharness transmission media. Wireharness is a collection of cables that are tied to form a bundle into a single unit. The continuity testing tool available today uses a multimeter, the disadvantage of using a multimeter is that it takes a long time to carry out because it must be tested one by one point to be tested while there are quite a lot of points to be tested, both operators often have difficulty when looking for cable addresses on the wirelist, the three tools used are not flexible. The purpose of this research is to design and make an aircraft wireharness continuity test tool that can test quickly because it can test many points at the same time, makes it easier for operators when looking for cable addresses on the wirelist, and is flexible when testing because it can measure two points that are quite far apart. far compared to a multimeter probe. This tool has two parts master and slave and each part uses an Atmega328p microcontroller-based controller as a data processor. Then also used 2 CD74HC4067 ICs, namely a 4 to 16 line multiplexer/demultiplexer whose binary output is controlled by a microcontroller. As well as for unidirectional communication between master and slave using NRF24l01+ (wireless). To operate the tool and display the results of the wireharness test, an application program was created using Visual Studio 2010 with the Visual Basic programming language. The system created will be realized into hardware capable of conducting a continuity test of 32 connection pin points in a multipoint to multipoint manner. After all systems are realized, then further testing is carried out on the tool, where this test is carried out to find out whether this tool can operate in accordance with what was planned. In continuity testing with this tool, it is able to produce good tests because it is able to carry out multipoint continuity tests and the communication distance between master and slave is 20 meters, and the testing time using this tool is 46.2% faster than using a multimeter. By using this continuity tester to speed up the work, the result is safer because the cable connections are not confused, can test the connection is disconnected or connected.

Structural Design of Field Plate Load Test Equipment to Determine In situ Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Clayey Soil

The study is to design field-operated plate load test equipment to overcome the problem of predicting bearing capacity and settlement of clayey soil on site using the conventional/traditional methods of short-duration plate load test where a hydraulic jack is used in conducting the test. Ashby's method of material selection was used for the selection of a suitable material for each of the components. The 12 mm thickness was obtained as the minimum safe thickness for the applied load of 500 kg on the lever arm. The I-section frame that support the entire system has sectional modulus of 19.4 cm3 and 4 mm thickness. The equipment will use a lever arm mechanism to conduct an in-situ test that will take long-duration on clay soil where the dissipation of pore water from the clayey soils takes a longer time to complete as against the current conventional method of plate load test that is in use. The equipment will offer several advantages in terms of cost, reliability, portability, authenticity, and user friendly.

DESIGN OF THERMAL CONDUCTING EQUIPMENT

This research presents the design and manufacture of thermal conductivity test equipment using heat transfer techniques (steady state) with the ability to test materials at high temperatures. The design of this test equipment is an extension of the ASTM D5470-06 standard, where the same is used to calculate the surface temperature and heat transfer through the sample during the test, where at each reference rod point, 10 K-type thermocouples are embedded. The maximum heater power required by the reference rod with a heating time of 1 hour is 30.4 KW. This test tool uses 3 pieces of 500-Watt power, and Thermoelectric TEC1-12706 12 Volt 6 Ampere 40x40 mm, Heatsink, 12 Volt DC Fan 0.15Ampere 38x38 mm, to keep the test at a steady state. And the use of Thermal Paste to minimize thermal contact resistance. From the calculations, it can be seen that the faster the time needed to heat the reference rod will require greater heater power, and vice versa. For high temperatures, this tool can reach a test temperature of 100 ℃. This research was conducted to measure the thermal conductivity of stainless steel, iron, wood, rubber, and Styrofoam. After the measurement, the thermal conductivity of stainless steel was 15.14037 W / mK Reference 14.00 W / mK, iron 41.07 W / mK Reference 79.5 W / mK, wood 1.54 W / mK Reference 0.21 W / mK, rubber 0.6 Reference 0.2 W / mK, Styrofoam 0.062 W / mK Reference 0.095 W / mK. Thus, further research is needed on the method of measuring the thermal conductivity of metals by transient means.

Design of Test Equipment for Hydrostatic Transducers and Hydraulic Fluids

The article refers to the proposed test equipment used to monitor the service life of hydrostatic transducers and fluids under constant or dynamic operating pressure loading. The proposed laboratory test equipment enables simultaneous testing of hydrostatic transducers and energy carriers in two hydraulic circuits and is designed to measure the flow characteristics and technical life of hydrostatic transducers with different energy carriers. The benefit of the proposed device is the possibility of simultaneous testing of the transducers as well as the performance of verification measurements of individual circuits, which was preceded by the development of a theoretical design. This includes the calculations necessary to determine the power of the drive, the cooling power as well as the definition of other parameters and elements of the hydraulic system. The design of the device was based on technical characteristics, load characteristics obtained by own measurements, and characteristics of individual hydraulic and electrohydraulic elements. On the basis of the prepared laboratory test equipment, it is possible to significantly shorten the time of operational tests and perform repeated tests under the same operational load with different types of energy carriers. The hydraulic circuit (primary or secondary) can be loaded through a proportional electrohydraulic pressure valve, which is able to simulate the load with the operational pressure curve obtained by measurement, as well as the cyclic stress, the frequency, amplitude, and rate of increase of which can be defined according to the selected methodology. A verification measurement of the flow characteristics of the used transducers was also carried out, which confirmed the correct function and design of the test laboratory equipment. The achieved results can be used in mechanical engineering for the accelerated life test of hydrostatic transducers, which are often used in mobile energy devices working in environmentally sensitive areas. The proposed laboratory test equipment will be used for testing ecological energy carriers, increasing the efficiency of energy conversion in agricultural facilities using biomass.

Turbine blade strike tests for evaluation and optimization of fish-friendly turbine

Widening the knowledge for fish injury and mortality mechanism caused by pressure, shear stress and blade strikes inside turbine was constructive for optimizing fish-friendly turbine design and turbine operation regime. A special designed test equipment was applied for simulating the rotating blade inside turbine passage, anesthetized fish (crucian carp) was placed on the route of the blade for strike tests. The fish length, blade thickness, strike angle, and strike speed were independent variables during the tests, the injury rate, degree of injury and mortality rate were analysed according to observation or anatomical examination after repeated tests. The injury types were classified into: imbalance, ribs broken, gill cover broken, internal hemorrhage and death. The injury severity was directly affected by strike speed under same blade thickness and fish length. The ratio of blade thickness and fish length also affect the injury rate. Multiple injuries can be observed on one fish after tests, and combined injuries are more likely to lead to death. In the fish-friendly turbine design, blade thickness in the leading edge and blade numbers shall be carefully considered and the rotational speed shall be calculated.

A Design of Test Equipment on Gun Control Systems and Autoloaders

In response to a series of problems in the actual use of a certain type of tank fire control system and autoloader, such as many sudden failures, difficulties in diagnosing and locating failures, and complex maintenance and guarantee, a testing equipment is designed for the gun control box and autoloader, which is used to monitor the status of the gun control box and autoloader, and store the test data in real time. By comparing the test data and analysing the abnormal problems that occur in the work of the gun control box and the autoloader, it realises the monitoring of the working condition of the tank gun control box and the autoloader components, providing effective data support for the next step of repair.

Design and manufacture of high-voltage disconnector test equipment for Harmony series high-power electric locomotives

With the continuous improvement of the maintenance technology system of harmonious high-power electric locomotives, the quality requirements for the maintenance of important parts are getting higher and higher. Based on the traditional manual detection of the performance of the high-voltage disconnector, it can no longer meet the current status of advanced maintenance. According to the relevant requirements of the maintenance of parts and components in the Harmony Electric Locomotive Maintenance Regulations of the State Railway Group Co., Ltd., a design scheme of the main function test equipment for the high-voltage disconnector had been given, the technical application and verification indicators in the design scheme discussed, and the test equipment manufactured. Combined with the actual production conditions, the developed test equipment can meet the relevant indicators required by the regulations, and has been put into use in production.

Advanced container inspection system based on dual-angle X-ray imaging method

In 2007, the U.S. Congress mandated the implementation of the “Security and Accountability For Every Port Act of 2006,” which requires complete scanning of 100% of U.S.-bound shipping containers. To address this requirement, we developed a container inspection method that enables continuous high-speed screening, with considerable performance improvement. In this study, we developed a fixed-type high-precision container inspection system using dual-angle X-ray beams from a 9 MV linear accelerator (LINAC). We first calculated the X-ray irradiation angle-dependent changes in the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the images via Monte Carlo simulation. Using the calculated CNRs, the primary and secondary angles of the X-ray beam were set to 0° and 2.8°, respectively. A system based on the proposed dual-angle X-ray imaging technology was installed and evaluated by scanning a real cargo container truck. For the evaluation, we designed test equipment based on the ANSI N42.46 report and examined the beam penetration power, contrast sensitivity, spatial resolution, and wire detectability of the developed system. The maximum penetration thicknesses for the primary and secondary angle beams were found to be 410 and 400 mm, respectively. At the primary beam angle, the contrast sensitivities were 1.52% and 0.49% when the thicknesses of the steel plate were 80% and 50% of the maximum penetration thickness, respectively. At the secondary angle, the sensitivities were 1.88% at 80% maximum penetration thickness, and 0.5% at 50%. A line pattern formed by individual slits of 4.6 mm width could be easily recognized in an acquired image. In addition, the developed system could clearly identify a 1.6 mm diameter copper wire. Further, when a steel plate was added, the change in the wire-recognition ability of the imaging system was found to be similar at both beam angles. These results indicate that the developed system is suitable for container screening using a 9 MV LINAC. Shapes that could not be identified from one beam irradiation angle could more accurately be analyzed using images from two different angles.

Design of Electromagnetic TP-1 Test Equipment to Study the Change in Aluminium Macrostructure Under External Field

Design of Electromagnetic TP-1 Test Equipment to Study the Change in Aluminium Macrostructure Under External Field

항공기 ECS 냉각공기 시험장비 설계 및 성능 시험

항공기 ECS 냉각공기 시험장비 설계 및 성능 시험

Advanced Joining Processes Unit

The Advanced Joining Processes (AJP) is an autonomous research unit at the Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI) that works closely with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP). This unit is staffed by professors, post-doctoral researchers, PhD students, MSc students and research fellows. The AJP unit has four key competences, established to support all aspects related to the study of advanced joining processes: testing, simulation, production and machine design. The AJP unit has robust and fully independent competences in the manufacture of experimental specimens and components. The unit operates a fully equipped laboratory with all facilities necessary to manufacture specimens, moulds, test fixtures and testing equipment. The unit has extensive experience in testing complex specimens’ geometry under a wide range of conditions. Research is carried out to determine the performance of structural joints under quasi-static loads, high strain rates, fatigue and creep conditions, among many others. Complementarily, the unit also has a strong machine design capability, being experienced in the development and manufacture of custom designed testing equipment (such as creep testing machines, drop-weight testing machines, torsion testing machines, split Hopkinson pressure bars and devices for glass transition temperature measurement). These experimental capabilities are complemented with robust numerical simulation competencies, which allow to streamline the design process by creating powerful models that can accurately predict the mechanical behaviour of advanced structural joints. These capabilities enable the AJP unit to undertake new and challenging research projects, reacting quickly to current industrial demands and scientific trends, due to its autonomy. This work methodology allows the AJP unit to simultaneously operate in two main fronts. One is fundamental academic research, resulting in MSc and PhD thesis and scientific publication, and the other is comprised of knowledge-transfer activities with industrial partners, which generate funding that can be used to support additional fundamental research. By combining these two approaches, the AJP unit proves that sound technological based educational processes can be achieved while undertaking cutting edge research with practical and industrial value.

Design of Laboratory Test Equipment for Automotive Oil Filters to Evaluate the Technical Life of Engine Oil

The main aim of the article is to present the design of laboratory test equipment, which is appropriate for monitoring the efficiency of oil filters and the system for evaluating the technical life of engine oils in terms of possible extension of service intervals. The functionality of the designed laboratory test equipment for the filtration of motor oils was verified by a practical experiment with a verification measurement and assessment of the suitability of the hydraulic circuit elements and the designed sensing equipment. The laboratory equipment enables the testing of oil filters with different filtration capacity during simultaneous testing in two separate hydraulic circuits with differently contaminated engine oil, while it enables laboratory measurements to be performed while simulating operating conditions.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT UJI KEAUSAN (TRIBOMETER) DENGAN PENGGERAK MOTOR TIPE XD – 135

Every object that moves and comes in contact with one another must experience friction. Friction or commonly referred to as friction is a force that restricts the sliding or rolling motion of an object against another object. The design and manufacturing stage of the tibometer test device, which uses a motor type XD - 135 as a driving force with a maximum load of 98N, knows the dimensions of the components (tribometer) to be made. The design process is carried out by determining the specifications of the equipment to be made, making the design concept of the wear test equipment, making the design of the wear test equipment, the manufacturing process of the wear test equipment. The design and manufacture results in a tibometer test device with specifications of rotation speed 212.12 rpm, linear speed 448.9 mm / s, maximum normal load 98 N, normal force 49 N, stroke length 70mm.

Analysis of the mechanical response of damaged human cervical spine ligaments

BackgroundCervical spine ligaments that protect the spinal cord and stabilize the spine are frequently injured in motor vehicle collisions and other traumatic situations. These injuries are usually incomplete, and often difficult to notice. The focus of the presented study is placed on analysis of the effect of subfailure load on the mechanical response of the three main cervical spine ligaments: the anterior and the posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum. MethodsA total of 115 samples of human cadaveric ligaments removed within 24–48 h after death have been tested. Uniaxial tension tests along the fiber direction were performed in physiological conditions on a custom designed test equipment. The ligaments were loaded into an expected damage zone at two different subfailure values (based on previously reported reference group of 46 samples), and then reloaded to failure. FindingsThe main effect of a high subfailure load has proven to be the toe elongation change. The toe elongation increase is affected by the subfailure load value. While anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament showed similar changes, the smallest subfailure effect was found in ligamentum flavum. InterpretationsThe normal physiological region of the cervical spine ligaments mechanical response is modified by a high subfailure load. The observed ligament injury significantly compromises ligament ability to give tensile support within physiological spinal motion.

The design of a Portable Automatic Test Equipment for Operational Availability of Combat System

The design of a Portable Automatic Test Equipment for Operational Availability of Combat System