Design Work Research Articles

Design e ancestralidade postos em questão: considerações sobre o papel social do design no Brasil contemporâneo

This article aims to discuss the character and social role of design and the work of designers in contemporary Brazil. It particularly focuses on processes and projects that incorporate the knowledge and ancestral traditions of indigenous peoples. The analysis is conducted through the works of Gui Bonsiepe and Aloísio Magalhães, highlighting the relevance of design in valuing and recognizing the production methods of these communities. The discussion addresses how contemporary design can serve as an agent of social transformation by integrating traditional knowledge and promoting cultural inclusion and appreciation. The article emphasizes the need for a more inclusive and critical perspective in the field of design, recognizing and celebrating the richness of ancestral traditions.

Design of an Advanced Optimal Fuzzy Controller For a Binary Distillation Column

The most common control philosophy followed in the chemical process industries is the SISO system using the conventional PID controller algorithms. One drawback is relying on models for both control and design work in Chemical process industries (CPI) is that many problems are very complex and accurate models are difficult, if not impossible to obtain. To overcome these problems, it will be helpful to apply techniques that use human judgment and experience rather than precise mathematical models, which in the major cases deduced from the linearization of the system and simplification hypothesis. The fuzzy logic systems are capable of handling complex, nonlinear systems using simple solutions. However, obtaining an optimal set of fuzzy membership functions is not an easy task. In this chapter a solution based on artificial intelligence is proposed to improve the control of a binary distillation column. The solution is based on the use of the advantages of both fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. The fuzzy logic is used as a supervisory PI controller that is a simple PI controller that generally used in controlling distillation columns with parameters deduced from the fuzzy supervisor. The membership functions shape is deduced by using research algorithms based on hierarchical genetic algorithms. The results show that the Fuzzy supervisory PI controller provide an excellent tracking toward set point change.

A Survey and Research on the Use of Artificial Intelligence by Chinese Design-College Students

The relationship between AI and design has attracted extensive academic attention and research, and the future relationship between AI and designers relies on current design students’ knowledge of AI, in addition to technological developments. To clarify the basic situation of Chinese design-college students’ use of AI software, the basic situation and status of using AI software to participate in design work, and the current relationship with AI, this study constructs a questionnaire on the status of the use of AI programs, with the help of the UTAUT model and the general program of design as a basis. The results of the research on 487 Chinese design-college students were analyzed by frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, etc., to clarify that currently more than 60% of design students have used AI programs, which are mainly used for data collection; providing ideas for design, e.g., when brainstorming; and conceptual ideas for design. Moreover, students generally believe that AI helps to improve personal skills and work efficiency, but the in-depth application and reliance on AI is relatively low; students hold anxiety about the development of AI, especially those who have not been exposed to AI. The education sector should focus on popularizing and deepening AI education, as well as helping students establish a correct concept of AI usage.

DESIGN TASK IN THE MODERN CONDITIONS OF INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

The article is devoted to the organizational aspect of solving the urgent problem of shortening the terms of implementation of investment and construction projects in modern conditions at the stage design The article examines the procedure for drawing up a design task by the customer at the stage of preparing tender documentation for construction objects in Ukraine, the financing of which is carried out with the involvement of budget funds, funds of state and communal enterprises, institutions and organizations, loans provided under state guarantees and defined and disadvantages The provisions of regulatory and technical documents regulating the procedure for drawing up a design assignment and its content have been reviewed. The list of problems that arise at the design and construction stage during the implementation of investment and construction projects due to the uncertainty and variability of data for project development, provided by the customer in the design task, is defined. The analysis of open sources of information regarding the procurement of design works showed that customers fill out the design task form, defined by the regulatory framework, on a formal basis, without actually expressing their real requirements for the future construction inspection. In "design and build" projects, the design task occupies a special place, since the contractor, on the basis of the customer's technical task, can determine not only the cost of the design work, but also the price of the construction work for which he is willing to perform it, while this price depends on technical and economic parameters of the building, which has not yet been designed, from the applied finishing materials, engineering systems, structural solutions, etc. An analysis of completed contracts for the purchase of construction works on "design and build" schemes was carried out, and they were divided into groups depending on the sufficiency of information in the design task. The foreign experience of organizing design works was analyzed, in particular, when implementing the "design and build" approach. It is proposed to improve the organization of the design process by separating the process of drawing up the design task into a separate procedure with a toolkit based on digital technologies, formulating the customer's requirements for design solutions and checking the validity of the customer's requirements. The feasibility of developing a toolkit based on digital technologies, which can be applied by the customer for drawing up a design task in investment and construction projects.

Corporate Rhetoric of Care and Nurse Identity in Times of COVID-19

This article draws on Louis Althusser’s theory of interpellation to examine the ideology behind the language and images of a web-based video Johnson & Johnson created in 2020. The video promoted the company’s annual “Nurses Innovate QuickFire Challenge”—a grant competition for nurses’ innovations. In our analysis, we found that the video created four main discourses of care: nurses as innovators, technologies as care, nurses as heroic, ministering angels, and Johnson & Johnson as an empowerer of nurses. Building on the positive, but contested, identity of nurses as heroes during the pandemic, Johnson & Johnson’s video connected heroism with technological innovation, enacting a problematic vision of care and nursing identity that figures technological innovation as not only a responsibility but a moral obligation of nurses. Through their sponsorship of research and design work with these nurse heroes and innovators, Johnson & Johnson also bolstered its own corporate identity as a caring supporter and empowerer of nurses.

A Multi-Sized Unit Cell Method for the Design of LPBF Lattice Support Structures Concerning Complex Geometries

Abstract Composed of individual unit cells strategically arranged to achieve a desired function, lattices are a promising solution for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) support structure design in additive manufacturing. Despite their many advantages (e.g., multifunctionality and reduced material cost), prior work in lattice support structure design primarily focuses on horizontal support domains that are not translatable to support domains for complex geometries, thereby limiting their application. This work introduces a multi-sized unit cell design optimization (MSO) method to create lattice support structures (LSS) for parts with complex geometries. The proposed method utilizes voxelization to generate LSS using box-like unit cells of different sizes. It also allows for efficient, high-dimensional design optimization for the types and locations of user-specified unit cells through a modified simulated annealing-based optimization algorithm. The effectiveness and efficiency of the MSO method are demonstrated through the case study of an adapter pipe for a high-temperature heat exchanger. For this demonstration, LSS using multi-sized unit cells are designed to increase heat transfer rate while satisfying structural integrity and material cost constraints. The case study results indicate that the design of the LSS derived from the MSO method fulfills all constraints, including the design constraint of 50% material cost reduction, compared to the solid support structure. In contrast, the lattice support structure designs derived from equal-sized unit cell methods either cannot satisfy all design constraints or have a lower heat transfer rate than the design of the MSO method.

Deep Learning-Based Biomimetic Identification Method for Mask Wearing Standardization.

Deep learning technology can automatically learn features from large amounts of data, with powerful feature extraction and pattern recognition capabilities, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of object detection. [The objective of this study]: In order to improve the accuracy and speed of mask wearing deep learning detection models in the post pandemic era, the [Problem this study aimed to resolve] was based on the fact that no research work has been reported on standardized detection models for mask wearing with detecting nose targets specially. [The topic and method of this study]: A mask wearing normalization detection model (towards the wearing style exposing the nose to outside, which is the most obvious characteristic of non-normalized style) based on improved YOLOv5s (You Only Look Once v5s is an object detection network model) was proposed. [The improved method of the proposed model]: The improvement design work of the detection model mainly includes (1) the BottleneckCSP (abbreviation of Bottleneck Cross Stage Partial) module was improved to a BottleneckCSP-MASK (abbreviation of Bottleneck Cross Stage Partial-MASK) module, which was utilized to replace the BottleneckCSP module in the backbone architecture of the original YOLOv5s model, which reduced the weight parameters' number of the YOLOv5s model while ensuring the feature extraction effect of the bonding fusion module. (2) An SE module was inserted into the proposed improved model, and the bonding fusion layer in the original YOLOv5s model was improved for better extraction of the features of mask and nose targets. [Results and validation]: The experimental results indicated that, towards different people and complex backgrounds, the proposed mask wearing normalization detection model can effectively detect whether people are wearing masks and whether they are wearing masks in a normalized manner. The overall detection accuracy was 99.3% and the average detection speed was 0.014 s/pic. Contrasted with original YOLOv5s, v5m, and v5l models, the detection results for two types of target objects on the test set indicated that the mAP of the improved model increased by 0.5%, 0.49%, and 0.52%, respectively, and the size of the proposed model compressed by 10% compared to original v5s model. The designed model can achieve precise identification for mask wearing behaviors of people, including not wearing a mask, normalized wearing, and wearing a mask non-normalized.

Antenna-Coupled Magnetic Microbolometers for CMB Polarization Surveys

AbstractIn this work, we propose a magnetic bolometer to be employed in the search of primordial B-modes in the CMB. These magnetic bolometers are an adaptation of the well-known metallic magnetic calorimeters used in particle physics. They rely on the magnetization dependence on temperature of alloys such as Au:Er and Ag:Er. In addition to the low intrinsic noise a magnetic bolometer of this nature offers, the broad and smooth temperature-dependent magnetization of metallic magnetic sensors ultimately translates to a high dynamic range and straightforward calibration. Their intrinsic noise equivalent power (NEP) is estimated to be in the range of 10–100 aW/$$\sqrt{(}\text {Hz})$$ ( Hz ) . We outline here a workable design for such a detector utilizing an antenna-coupled approach and present the simulated power transfer ratio that was attained; the detector’s performance is discussed by combining this result with its responsivity.

EXTENDED MONITORING AS SUPPORT IN NUMERICAL MODELLING OF COMPLEX HISTORICAL TIMBER STRUCTURE

To support the conservation efforts regarding a wooden church in Domachowo, extensive research and design work was required to strengthen its weakened structure. A variety of data and analyses are necessary to make an accurate assessment, including obtaining a computational model, monitoring the behavior of the structure and its response to external forces and also performing strength analyses and verifying them with measurement data. For accurate geometric evaluation, static and dynamic measurements were required. A mathematical model and a flowchart of the necessary tasks were developed, along with the selection and installation of measuring devices. For this particular structure, static measurements were made using an automatic total station and dynamic measurements using tilt sensors. The purpose of the analysis was to correlate the inertia measurements with the absolute tachymetric observations related to reference points fixed outside the object in order to accurately assess the behavior of the object. Another important issue was to model the column element under study in such a way that its horizontal displacements could be determined from the measured inclinations. The obtained results indicated the need to strengthen the joints of the two main parts of the structure in order to minimize the impact of dynamic weather conditions. The paper describes the measurement process, the method of calculating displacements and the correlation of both types of data. Selected results confirming the conclusions are also presented.

Cancer, Coma, Chromosomes, and the Comforter: Investigating Scientific Mechanisms of Divine Healing and Design

While narratives of divine healing are common, we rarely encounter scientific investigations into divine healing presented to the scientist, the theologian, and the curious alike. This research begins by highlighting the brilliance of the design of the human body that has been intricately fine-tuned through the work of the Holy Spirit (HS) to resist disease. The study discusses how creation harbors plant-derived bioactive molecules strategically placed to safeguard and heal the body of certain cancers and other diseases through dietary means–a testament to the design and protective work of the HS intricately woven into nature. The study also scientifically investigates divine healing by examining evidence-based data on significant cases from medical records and scientific literature. We investigate cases of remarkable divine healings from metastatic cancer, inherited genetic disease, cardiac arrest, and coma in response to prayer for healing after modern medicine offered no permanent solution.

Generation and Composition of Medical Waste in Lafia

Background: Effective management of medical waste is a prerequisite for efficient delivery of healthcare services, human health and environmental protection; and the availability of adequate data with regard to medical waste generation and composition is generally considered to be fundamental in the development of efficient medical waste management. However, in Lafia, the state capital of Nasarawa State, Nigeria and a rapidly developing town, there is inadequate information on the medical waste generation and composition. This study thus sets to evaluate the medical waste composition and generation in Lafia by direct observation during both rainy and dry seasons Methodology: The study involved the survey of a cross section of three (3) tertiary health institution. Findings: The study showed that there is significant variation in healthcare waste management practices and sustainability factors (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) (3Rs). The test showed that there prominent method of healthcare waste management at the studied institution was practice of incineration, pit burning and burying and frequency of waste disposal, leaving out other new and improved technologies for proper waste managements. This study aims to evaluate the medical waste generation and composition in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria across public and private hospitals. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: It is anticipated that the outcome of this research will avail resourceful data that will be needed for effective hospital waste management and other planning and design works.

Analisis Elemen Visual Pada Poster Film Miracle In Cell No.7

A film poster is the identity of a film which functions as a promotional medium for the film. Promotion of the film Miracle in Cell No.7 by Hanung Bramantyo uses internet marketing techniques, by uploading film posters to social media. This research aims to analyze the various meanings of the signs implied in the film poster Miracle in Cell No.7. This research is qualitative research, the data analysis method consists of four stages of design review, namely, work description, formal analysis, interpretation, and evaluation. The work description describes all the elements contained in the film poster Miracle in Cell No.7. Formal analysis is technically discussing how basic elements such as illustrations, colors, and typography are arranged to form a single unit in an order or layout. Interpretation is interpreting the meaning of signs based on Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic theory which includes icons, indices, and symbols. Evaluation is outlining the conclusions of all the stages that have been passed. The research results found that various signs were in harmony with each other so that they supported the message conveyed in the film poster. It was concluded that the visualization of the main illustrations, supporting visuals, colors, and typography displayed on the visual poster for the film Miracle in Cell No.7 gives an implied picture of a father's love for his daughter, until one day they had to separate because justice was not on his side

EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT PROBLEMS IN A SCHOOL PHYSICS COURSE

This work is devoted to the development of experimental problems when preparing project work in a school physics course. Presenting the importance of project-based learning, the need to create appropriate problems in a physics course is substantiated. The main methodological novelty of the article lies in the presentation of the possibility of using experimental problems in the formation of topics for design problems. It is recommended to replenish the database of physics design problems by processing standard experimental problems. It is shown that the experience and knowledge accumulated by students in solving theoretical problems can also be used in implementing design problems. The article presents two experimental problems of varying complexity as an example. The first problem relates to determining (estimating) the pressure exerted by a standing person on the floor. In contrast to the accepted formal approach to performing such a problem, special attention is paid to the method of determining the contact surface of the foot with the floor, which is also important from an interdisciplinary point of view. It is no coincidence that a significant portion of design work involves the application of knowledge from more than one discipline. The next problem considered in the article is related to determining the coefficient of friction of a body with a plane by using elementary devices. Two solutions to this problem are given. Comparisons of these approaches are also presented, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.

PROBLEM OF THE APPLICATION OF POTESTATIVE TERMS IN CONTRACTS FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WORK IN THE FIELD OF STATE DEFENSE ORDER

The purpose of the research. The article examines the actual problems of the application of potestative (suspensive) terms in contracts for the performance of experimental design work in the field of state defense orders, highlights the specific features of the legal regulation of the legal relations in question, provides their interpretation in the legal doctrine, as well as in the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The author conducted a review of Russian judicial practice, identified and recorded its positive and negative trends. Potestative terms in a contractual obligation are definitely permissible, should not be dependent or counter, are a priori feasible by virtue of the law, are associated with the volitional actions of the party to the transaction, simultaneously responding to the sign of uncertainty and the criterion of reality, while theoretically possible in reality, although their occurrence is unknown in advance. The research is conducted in order to identify and overcome legal gaps, develop recommendations for effective law enforcement of existing norms and improve individual legal acts, norms and institutions. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion about the practical ineffectiveness of potestative terms in contracts for the performance of experimental design work in the field of state defense orders, aggravating the legal position of the head contractor, destabilizing his financial stability in the form of an array of simultaneous claims and claims for payment of completed and accepted works.

An Expert Usability Evaluation of a Specialized Platform for Designing and Producing Online Educational Talking Books

Educational institutions are increasingly using audio-based learning resources and technologies nowadays, especially for students who are auditory learners and visually impaired. The ability to design and create online educational talking books with a pedagogical foundation has become essential for students studying instructional and information technology in the age of digital learning. With the need to enhance such skills to target students in higher educational institutions, instructional and information technology students have no specialized platform for designing and producing an online educational talking book without web programming challenges. This study suggests a new specialized, web-based platform that can assist students in developing online educational talking books. In this study, fourteen instructional technology experts evaluated the proposed platform’s usability. An online questionnaire was utilized to gather data, applying qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The results show that the proposed platform is appropriate for creating and developing an online educational talking book for the intended audience of students. Furthermore, the suggested platform’s current version had a workable design that was appropriate for helping students acquire the necessary abilities.

STEP-organizing a major project to tackle significant uncertainty.

This article describes why Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) has been launched, what it aims to achieve (benefits) and, principally, how the whole programme will be delivered (strategy). The article draws on the work of major project delivery and organization design (OD) and applies this to the context of STEP, which is dominated by significant uncertainty in all dimensions (technical, financial, commercial and programmatic), where there is embryonic delivery capability, but where there are also global-scale opportunities. This leads to an approach based on securing and organizing the correct capability from both public and private sectors to work in a collaborative arrangement with a single purpose and, critically, in an operating model designed to manage uncertainty and emerging risks and to exploit opportunities. Placing adaptability at the core of the OD, particularly the ability to deliver emergent strategy through guided empowerment in pursuit of an ambitious aim, is a further development beyond much of the current thinking in major projects. The article concludes with an appendix that translates that programme approach into principles for managing the engineering design work.This article is part of the theme issue 'Delivering Fusion Energy - The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP)'.

High-temperature heat pump working fluid development based on molecular design and the group contribution method

High-temperature heat pumps are widely recognized as a critical approach for decarbonizing energy-intensive industries, and their performance is significantly influenced by the working fluids. However, conventional working fluid selection methods primarily focus on existing fluids, limiting the selection scale. Therefore, a group-contribution-based computer-aided molecular design method has been proposed to design and select working fluids for high-temperature heat pumps on a large scale, comprehensively considering environmental impact, safety, operating reliability and performance. A total of 9771 working fluids were generated by the computer-aided process based on the backtracking searching algorithm. Under different working conditions, 208, 232, 243, 228, and 208 working fluids have passed the multi-level screening process based on the group contribution method, respectively, with an overall passing rate below 2.49 %. The H(C)FOs among the top 50 working fluids, ranked by the coefficient of performance, were further analyzed. Statistically, 92.4 % and 98.73 % of the total top 50 working fluids had their Tbr and Tc values within the ranges of 0.640–0.675 and 432–480 K, respectively. Among the 18 HCFOs within the top 50 list, 83.3 % were non-existent. R1251zd and R1344zf demonstrated the best ranking results, while R1242zf, R1233yf, and R1233xf exhibited superior working condition flexibility. As an existing HCFO, R1251yd outperformed other working fluids. Of the 35 HFOs in the top 50 list, 88.57 % were non-existent, and R1381myz, R1371my and R1381mzz showed both exceptional performance and superior working condition adaptability. In conclusion, there remain promising prospects and a notable necessity for the new H(C)FO development, and guidance can be expected from this study in this regard.

Improving work in garment design and production among secondary school students: A case study of Textiles Technology Design subject at Advanced Level in Zimbabwe

Improving work in garment design and production among secondary school students: A case study of Textiles Technology Design subject at Advanced Level in Zimbabwe

Cross-cultural adaptation and user-experience validation of the ACAD Toolkit

Design for learning involves the delicate interweaving of knowledge about learning and knowledge about design. This work is often carried out by heterogenous design teams in which members speak of and value different aspects of design, and different methods for evaluating these designs in use. The challenge of reconciling these often-competing demands is critical to the success of these teams. This short paper outlines work breaking new ground translating an educational design method, developed in English speaking contexts, for use in Spanish speaking contexts. Steeped in socio-cultural and socio[1]material awareness this project explores how the ACAD Toolkit—a set of tangible design related resources embodying networked learning ideals—shapes and is (re)shaped in and through the process of translation. Guided by two questions: (i) How can we explore the process of translating not only language but values and forms of practice? and (ii) How can the ACAD Toolkit be validated in new contexts? This qualitative study involves the thematic analysis of multimodal data including video and audio recordings, and artefacts produced during workshops. Our method builds on traditional cross[1]cultural processes of adaptation that involve adapting, expanding and splitting ideas and concepts in two stages: language translation and user-experience testing. Our analysis is, therefore, reported in two stages. In the first we explore the process of reaching agreement on a test set of translated resources, and in the second we explore how these resources are being enrolled in educational design work in new contexts. The newly translated resources have been tested in three workshops in two Spanish speaking educational settings (Spain and Argentina). After analysing the data from these workshops, the initial translation will be corrected, and instructions will be developed—in both languages—to improve future translations of the ACAD Toolkit and in its ongoing use in English contexts. These instructions and the processes through which they will be developed will produce potential research objects for future educational design research. This method, initially developed with educators in Australia and New Zealand, embodies the very heart of networked learning—the movement of people, objects, and ideas across contexts and time.

New Embassy in New China: On the 65th Anniversary of the Construction of the USSR Embassy Campus in Beijing

The article examines the problems associated with the relocation of the USSR Embassy in China in the 1950s from its old location on Dongjiaominxiang (Nan’guan) Street in Beijing and the construction of a new embassy campus on the territory of the former Russian Orthodox Mission (ROM) in the Beiguan district. The article substantiates the idea that, although the decision to move the address of the construction of the new Soviet embassy appeared spontaneously during the design work, it was dictated by the objective need to ensure favorable conditions for the activities and development of the embassy in the context of growing cooperation with the PRC. Moreover, the relocation of the Soviet embassy to another location was linked to the general plan of the Chinese government to move foreign diplomatic missions from the Legation Quarter of Beijing in order to “end the half-century shame” of China’s semi-colonial past. The article, based on archival data, provides a comparative analysis of the areas and volumes of office and residential buildings and other objects on the old and new embassy grounds, and describes the volume and nature of construction work and improvements, the implementation of which required significant costs and time (1954–1959). The article pays attention to the fact of destruction during construction of church buildings of the ROM. At the same time, the author points out that in recent years, some historical shrines have been restored on the embassy territory. Particularly important was the revival of the Dormition Church in 2009. Such an approach to some extent compensates for the losses incurred during the construction of the new embassy in the 1950s. The article concludes that the construction of the USSR embassy in a new location turned out to be correct and providential, since the land acquired by the first Russian people in Beijing — the Albazinians and the ROM, remained with our country Russia.