Design Sketches Research Articles

Co-design in the architectural process

PurposeDespite the proven importance of co-design as a way of improving the social relevance of architecture, there is a lack of opportunity for meaningful co-design processes in the current professional Master of Architecture programme in South Africa as it is largely modelled on the professional work stages of the South African Council for the Architecture Profession (SACAP), which are based on the assumption of primary authorship and authority of the architect.Design/methodology/approachThis problem has been investigated by way of ten workshops with high school learners in the Mamelodi East township in South Africa, as part of a professional master’s degree in architecture.FindingsThe findings of the workshops indicate that the initial stages of design could benefit directly from the participation processes and could be critiqued constructively. However, increased resistance to the process by crit panels was experienced once the sketch design phase was completed and the expectation of primary authorship increased. Engagement of the learners in the latter part of the design decision-making process also diminished as levels of experience in spatial design became evidently further removed from the expected outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsIn terms of co-design discourse and the evident value of participatory skills in practice, it is evident that the initial work stages of concept, brief and ideation are fairly easily assimilated into the pedagogical requirements of the degree programme and as such could enable a more socially relevant and responsive approach to professional practice.Practical implicationsThe South African standard of practising architecture leaves little space for the process of co-design, even within the educational environment. The value of co-design within this context lies predominantly in the values and conversations generated rather than the aesthetics of the end product. The process of co-design opens up the opportunity for new dialogues to emerge and for relationships to form.Social implicationsCo-design illustrates how architectural intelligence can be exercised in a much broader spatial field that acknowledges more than just the building itself but social, global, ecological and virtual networks, thereby changing how the authors design, what the authors design and who designs it.Originality/valueIt is in the realm of co-design that the beauty of architecture oscillates between strangeness and the ordinary. If the authors embrace the power of the collective and collaborative thinking, the authors are able to conceive new ways in the making of architecture. In order to arrive at this, however, the straightjacketed approach of modelling the master’s programme on professional work stages and outcomes needs to be challenged so that true transformation of the profession can be enabled through its pedagogical instruments.

Understanding representation: Contrasting gesture and sketching in design through dual-process theory

Representation is essential to design work. While there is a multitude of research on, for example, gesture, prototyping, and sketching, there is a critical need for a more general account of design representation, able to explain diverse results across representation modes and design tasks. We address this need by experimentally testing dual-process theory hypotheses regarding the impact of gesture and sketching on a range of design tasks, including reproduction, evaluation, elaboration, ideation, and selection. Central to this is the (mis)match between representation mode at input/response, and the interaction between Type 1 and Type 2 processing. These findings support a novel dual-process explanation of design representation, suggest resolutions to previously contradictory findings, and provide implications for design theory, education, and practice.

PERANCANGAN KURSI SET TERASDENGAN IDE DASAR BIJI KOPI

The terrace is one part of the house that serves to connect the living room and the yard. Designing unique and different patio furniture is a good solution. This final project aims to design creative and innovative, unique, and suitable furniture designs in accordance with today's millennial needs.The design study begins with a qualitative research method with data collection techniques using literature study, observation and interviews. The next process is the design stage of analyzing data, conceptualizing, design sketches, work drawings, product processing and finishing processes.The design results of the patio chairs are the uniqueness of the shape of the chairs and tables with the coffee bean shape transformation technique, namely by changing the style, position, volume and dimensions of the shape elements but without leaving the original elements of the shape of the arabica coffee beans. In addition, the chairs and patio tables are designed using modern-style furniture products.

Designing the user experience of musical sonification in public and semi-public spaces

Sonification refers to sonic expression of data or information. It is often thought of as an auditory complement, providing additional information about data which can reveal patterns and facilitate interpretation and understanding of the data. Hence, the listening space created by a sonifi cation is always a hybrid where auditory augmentation complements other information modalities and, in some cases, also spatial qualities. In this work, we focus on sonifi cation in public and semi-public spaces, and specifi cally on musical sonifi cation – the use of musical sounds to create a sonic environment, augmenting or complementing a physical shared space. We draw upon established approaches in interaction design to focus our work on the user experience of musical sonifi cation in public and semi-public spaces. Specifi cally, we fi rst identify the experiential qualities of sonic atmosphere and performativity as important aspects of sonifi cation in public and semi-public spaces, then use those experiential qualities generatively in the speculative design of a musical sonifi cation sketch. The design sketch comprises a dynamic musical sonifi cation of air quality data, intending to give citizens an awareness and an enhanced individual and interpersonal understanding of air quality in their city.

Balancing the formal and the informal in user-centred design

Abstract This paper explores the role of formal methods as part of the user-centred design of interactive systems. An iterative process is described, developing prototypes incrementally, proving user-centred requirements while at the same time evaluating the prototypes that are executable forms of the developed models using ‘traditional’ techniques for user evaluation. A formal analysis complements user evaluations. This approach enriches user-centred design that typically focuses understanding on context and producing sketch designs. These sketches are often non-functional (e.g. paper) prototypes. They provide a means of exploring candidate design possibilities using techniques such as cooperative evaluation. This paper describes a further step in the process using formal analysis techniques. The use of formal methods provides a systematic approach to checking plausibility and consistency during early design stages, while at the same time enabling the generation of executable prototypes. The technique is illustrated through an example based on a pill dispenser.

Innovative Technologies in Sketch and Artistic Design of Voluminous Costume Forms

Innovative Technologies in Sketch and Artistic Design of Voluminous Costume Forms

AI-Based Topology Optimization of Freehand Sketches

In order to minimize the effort involved in conceptualizing lightweight designs, this paper presents a novel approach to topology optimization that helps designers to enhance their initial sketches for a lightweight structure. The presented tool can interpret photographs of design sketches and proposes optimized flows of forces. At the core of this tool is an artificial neural network being trained to generate structures matching the sketched load cases. The findings include an intuitive means of communication between designers and an artificial intelligence tool, ways for implementing the tool, and the appropriate means of structuring and training the neural network.

A revised Tesla Turbine concept for 2-phase applications

The Tesla turbine is an original expander working on the principle of torque transmission by wall shear stress. The principle – demonstrated for air expanders at lab scale has some attractive features when applied to two-phase expanders: it is suitable for handling limited flow rates (as is the case for machines in the range from 500W to 5 kW), it can be developed to a reasonable size (rotor of 0.1 to 0.25 m diameters), with acceptable rotational speeds (which range from 500 to 10000 rpm). The original concept was revisited, designing it for two-phase operation and considering not only the rotor configuration but the whole machine. The flow model was developed using complete real fluid assumptions including several new concepts such as bladed channels for the stator, labyrinth seals, and a rotating diffuser. Preliminary design sketches are presented, and results discussed and evaluated.

大数据时代基于3D数字艺术的设计素描课程前置教学探索

大数据时代基于3D数字艺术的设计素描课程前置教学探索

Intelligent Design of Product Forms Based on Design Cognitive Dynamics and a Cobweb Structure.

Design is a complex, iterative, and innovative process. By traditional methods, it is difficult for designers to have an integral priori design experience to fully explore a wide range of design solutions. Therefore, refined intelligent design has become an important trend in design research. More powerful design thinking is needed in intelligent design process. Combining cognitive dynamics and a cobweb structure, an intelligent design method is proposed to formalize the innovative design process. The excavation of the dynamic mechanism of the product evolution process during product development is necessary to predict next-generation multi-image product forms from a larger design space. First, different design thinking stimulates the information source and is obtained by analyzing the designers' thinking process when designing and mining the dynamic mechanism behind it. Based on the nonlinear cognitive cobweb process proposed by Francisco and a natural cobweb structure, the product image cognitive cobweb model (PICCM) is constructed. Then, natural cobweb predation behavior is simulated using a stimulus information source to impact the PICCM. This process uses genetic algorithms to obtain numerous offspring forms, and the PICCM's mechanical properties are the energy loss parameters in the impact information. Furthermore, feasible solutions are selected from intelligent design sketches by the product artificial form evaluation system based on designers' cognition, and a new product image cognitive cobweb system is reconstructed. Finally, a case study demonstrates the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed approach.

Tensor-Structured Sketching for Constrained Least Squares

Constrained least squares problems arise in many applications. Their memory and computation costs are expensive in practice involving high-dimensional input data. We employ the so-called "sketching" strategy to project the least squares problem onto a space of a much lower "sketching dimension" via a random sketching matrix. The key idea of sketching is to reduce the dimension of the problem as much as possible while maintaining the approximation accuracy. Tensor structure is often present in the data matrices of least squares, including linearized inverse problems and tensor decompositions. In this work, we utilize a general class of row-wise tensorized sub-Gaussian matrices as sketching matrices in constrained optimizations for the sketching design's compatibility with tensor structures. We provide theoretical guarantees on the sketching dimension in terms of error criterion and probability failure rate. In the context of unconstrained linear regressions, we obtain an optimal estimate for the sketching dimension. For optimization problems with general constraint sets, we show that the sketching dimension depends on a statistical complexity that characterizes the geometry of the underlying problems. Our theories are demonstrated in a few concrete examples, including unconstrained linear regression and sparse recovery problems.

Research on the application of Chinese traditional pattern cloud pattern in Landscape Sketch

This paper discusses the application of traditional auspicious pattern cloud pattern in landscape sketch design. On the one hand, the purpose is to inherit the form aesthetic feeling and cultural connotation of cloud pattern, so as to apply the traditional cultural innovation in today's design and show our cultural confidence; on the other hand, to provide new ideas for the form innovation of landscape sketch, so as to design a set of cultural It is of great significance to integrate the value and aesthetic conception of landscape sketch, so as to meet the requirements of today's people for high-quality life. This electronic document is a “live” template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document.

Método para el diseño arquitectónico de casas de madera en Portugal

Se presenta un método para el diseño arquitectónico de casas de madera. Se entrevistó a empresas de construcción y fabricación y se desarrolló un caso de estudio simulando cuatro variaciones de un proyecto, incluidos diferentes sistemas de madera (entramados ligeros, poste y viga, troncos, y madera contralaminada encolada). Sobre la base de los problemas identificados, se definió un método de diseño utilizando tablas de apoyo a las decisiones, listas de procedimientos y estrategias de optimización. Un proceso de apoyo a la decisión de criterios múltiples fue propuesto como una ayuda en la evaluación y selección de la mejor solución. Durante la fase del programa, el uso de un catálogo de tipologías con sistemas de construcción y sistemas formales promueve la optimización del proceso. En la fase de anteproyecto, la adopción de un proceso de evaluación, procedimientos de diseño específicos y estrategias preestablecidas (durabilidad, integridad de la construcción, economía) tienen como objetivo garantizar la calidad de la construcción.

A Combination Design of Bag, Chair, Charger, Tables Made with Hazardous Waste Raw Materials in Tackling Environmental Pollution in the 4.0 Revolution Era

The design of bags, chairs, chargers and tables is intended for commuter workers who carry out mobility activities every day. Design works that help to support commuter worker activities use a multi-functional system. The multi-function system is indicate by the shape and features attached. This product design method uses several stages including; 1) problem identification; 2) literature study: 3) design sketches, and: 4) design. The design results are turned into chairs, tables for lesehan (sitting on the floor) and bags. In addition, the other things are the storage box to store equipments for commuter workers while doing mobility and a solar cell which functions to capture sunlight which will be converted into electrical energy for energy sources to charge cellphones. Design works can be used in accordance with their respective functions. Design works carry the principle of multifunction, easy use, strong, lightweight and flexible. It is hoped that the design for this multi-functional products can be practical in use in the development of creative industries, and can overcome environmental pollution problems. From a theoretical perspective, it can be a reference for academics and science.

Lifting freehand concept sketches into 3D

We present the first algorithm capable of automatically lifting real-world, vector-format, industrial design sketches into 3D. Targeting real-world sketches raises numerous challenges due to inaccuracies, use of overdrawn strokes, and construction lines. In particular, while construction lines convey important 3D information, they add significant clutter and introduce multiple accidental 2D intersections. Our algorithm exploits the geometric cues provided by the construction lines and lifts them to 3D by computing their intended 3D intersections and depths. Once lifted to 3D, these lines provide valuable geometric constraints that we leverage to infer the 3D shape of other artist drawn strokes. The core challenge we address is inferring the 3D connectivity of construction and other lines from their 2D projections by separating 2D intersections into 3D intersections and accidental occlusions. We efficiently address this complex combinatorial problem using a dedicated search algorithm that leverages observations about designer drawing pREFERENCES, and uses those to explore only the most likely solutions of the 3D intersection detection problem. We demonstrate that our separator outputs are of comparable quality to human annotations, and that the 3D structures we recover enable a range of design editing and visualization applications, including novel view synthesis and 3D-aware scaling of the depicted shape.

From sketch BIM to design BIM: An element identification approach using Industry Foundation Classes and object recognition

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a promising technology for building lifecycle management. Currently, BIM has been extensively used in both the sketch design (sketch) and detailed design (design) stages. Due to different purposes and different BIM tools, the reusability of sketch BIM models in the design stage is still challenging. To address this issue, this study proposes a building element identification scheme using a segmentation-aggregation strategy, termed EI-SA. Since Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is the international standard of BIM, the EI-SA is built according to the IFC specification. Firstly, the element identification Problem is formally defined, followed by the overall framework of the EI-SA. Then, a presentation-level BIM segmentation algorithm is developed to divide a sketch BIM model into slices of geometric representations. Thirdly, a representation aggregation scheme is proposed to solve the element identification problem. The representation aggregation scheme employs a triangle-triangle intersection to detect the geometric connection and an object recognition algorithm to identify elements. Finally, experiments were conducted on several sketch BIM models. The experiment results showed that the EI-SA identified 82.22% elements on average, which verified the effectiveness of the EI-SA. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to solve the building element identification problem according to IFC. The proposed EI-SA will bridge the gap between sketch BIM models and design BIM models, smooth the reusability of data from the sketch stage to downstream stages, and improve the design efficiency by avoiding the re-designing of building elements.

Design process of Yonago Public Hall by T. Murano–Mori Architect Office: Reconstruction of formal manipulations through morphological analysis of design sketches and drawings

AbstractThe objectives of this study are to reconstruct the design process of the Yonago Public Hall (1958) by T. Murano–Mori Architect Office and to reveal the architects' formal manipulations conducted under strategic design thinking. The study materials are the original design sketches that are in the possession of the Museum and Archives, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Japan. Initially, the chronological order of the design sketches was established by inspecting their dates and analyzing their formal similarities. Furthermore, the transformability (variations or changes of architectural form presented in a certain state of design) of each “study” (subdivided partial process in design) was analyzed and interpreted. Finally, the architects' formal manipulations were reconstructed and presented, and relevant design intentions were revealed.

Analisis Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penggajian Pada Yayasan Masjid Nurul Huda Jatiwaringin

This research was conducted at Yayasan Masjid Nurul Huda Jatiwaringin which is an institution that moves in the education field. The purpose of this study is to find out and evaluate the payroll accounting information system that is running on the Yayasan Masjid Nurul Huda Jatiwaringin and to provide an alternative design of payroll accounting information system at Yayasan Masjid Nurul Huda Jatiwaringin. The data used in this study are primary data obtained directly from the Nurul Huda Mosque Foundation Jatiwaringin and secondary data obtained in the form that is already in the form of publication . The analytical tool used in this research is a qualitative descriptive analysis tool by conducting system analysis, which then proceeds with conceptual design sketch by designing flowchart, Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), and Normalization . After that proceed to the physical design stage but only limited to the design of database design, input and output design. Based on the results of the study the authors found that the salary system run by the foundation is less effective because there is still a double task on the treasurer, and also the document sheet used still does not meet the needs of the system. In addition, the absence of authorization activities of employee attendance list performed by the timekeeping function and outgoing cash proof documents has not been authorized by the accounting function. Furthermore the authors designed a payroll accounting information system that is able to overcome the weaknesses and shortcomings

Comfort simulation supported sketch plan optimization of the University of Pécs, Medical School extension

Abstract:During sketch design stage for the new block of the University of Pécs, Medical School comfort and lighting simulations were applied to quantify optimization strategies. Simulation cases about shading possibilities, façade glazing ratios and internal heat storage masses evaluate the impact of illumination, solar gains, loads and heat transmission on visual and thermal comfort. The goal was to select the most favorable comfort, coupled with maximum reduction of investment costs. Concepts represent 14% (shading), 10% (reduced wall-window ratio), 11% (slabs without suspended ceilings), and 17% (combined wall-window ratio and thermal mass) improvement in thermal comfort performance, and it was proposed for further design.

Energy simulation supported sketch plan optimization of the University of Pécs, Medical School extension

Abstract:A building physics supported development was undertaken for the new block of the University of Pécs, Medical School. During sketch design stage climate, lighting and energy simulations were applied to quantify energy optimization strategies. Simulation cases assess the impact of shading technologies, wall-window ratios and thermal masses on used thermal energy demand. Based on a previous study about visual and comfort performance, goal was to identify the highest energy efficiency rates with maximum investment cost savings. Besides best comfort results, the most optimal development represents 9% saving in used thermal energy, and they were proposed for further design.