Design Sketches Research Articles

Traditional and contemporary building thermal sensations prediction models in a warm-humid climate

ABSTRACT Passive ways of providing thermal comfort have been intensively researched in many nations. Despite researchers’ strenuous efforts, most studies on thermal comfort concerns are centred on continents such as Asia, America, Europe, and Africa, with a handful of studies comparing building types in the sub-Saharan area. However, none has focused on statistical models to predict the thermal sensations of occupants in traditional and modern structures during the dry season. Hence, this study investigated interior relative humidity, air temperature, and occupants’ thermal feelings in traditional and modern structures in the dry season in Okigwe, Nigeria. The data for this investigation was collected by physically measuring relative humidity and air temperature using data loggers. A longitudinal survey technique was also used to elicit answers from the residents of the selected traditional and modern structures on the thermal feeling of comfort temperature. To predict the inhabitants’ thermal sensations in the building types investigated, two statistical models were developed: ‘TSVt = 0.65 (MITt) – 13.5’ for traditional structures and ‘TSVc = 0.74 (MITc) – 16’ for modern. The comfort range and neutral temperature of ‘3.15 ≤ TSV ≤ 4.85’ 1–7 yielded 26.8°C as the neutral temperature for the occupants of traditional buildings, with the comfort ranging between 25.6°C and 28.2°C. Contemporary building occupants’ neutral temperature and comfort ranges from 25.9°C to 28.2°C. The study therefore recommended the use of the developed models by Architects, Planners, and Designers for predicting the occupants’ sensations of the building types before preliminary investigations and design sketches, as with such information, the designer possesses the necessary tools for providing buildings that are thermally comfortable for maximum comfort and minimal consumption of energy.

Exploring the Impact of Digital Technologies on Team Collaborative Design

This paper presents the results of a protocol study exploring the impact of various digital technologies on team collaborative design processes. Previous studies have suggested that compared to traditional methods such as sketching, digital technologies can provide further benefits for collaborative processes. However, there persists a lack of understanding about the impacts of digital technologies on such processes, particularly in relation to emerging significant digital technologies such as immersive Virtual Reality (VR). Therefore, this study aims to fill that gap by exploring team collaboration behaviours of two groups of professionals working in two digital design environments—desktop 3D modelling with Revit and immersive VR using Hyve-3D—as well as their behaviours during traditional sketching sessions for benchmarking purposes. Utilising protocol analysis method, the think-aloud data of participants was recorded, transcribed and coded using an adapted collaborative practice model. Team collaboration activities are broadly categorised as ‘Content’ or ‘Process’: content referring to design task-based activities, while process refers to activities related to the organising of group processes. The results suggest that during the design collaboration process, designers allocated the majority of their efforts towards process-oriented design activities. Differences between design environments only had a minor impact on the amount of effort expended on process-oriented activities and content-oriented activities. Moreover, traditional sketching design environments were shown to be potentially beneficial for problem-solution and associated negotiation activities. Additionally, immersive environments were associated with a reduction in the designers’ cognitive effort that was expended on exploring the design environment.

Product Design Sketch Decision Model Based on Improved Capsule Network

Product Design Sketch Decision Model Based on Improved Capsule Network

Automotive Design Sketching in Teams: A Systematic Review

Automotive design sketching is crucial in the creative process, especially during conceptual design, as it facilitates shared understanding among design teams. Despite its significance, there need to be more comprehensive review papers addressing automotive design sketching in team settings. This systematic review aims to bridge this gap by identifying trends and evidence related to automotive design sketching within team settings. Employing the ROSES review flow diagram, five electronic databases – Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, SAGE, and Google Scholar – were utilized to search for relevant literature. Among the 902 non-duplicated articles initially screened, 17 studies from the past decade (2013-2023) underwent a thorough review and were integrated into the analysis. The findings emphasize the importance of team sketching, highlighting collaboration, communication, and creativity as essential values for enhancing shared understanding and design outcomes within teams. Significantly, the review uncovered a shortage of articles in recent years that encompass all three elements within a single study. This paper highlights the critical role of sketching in team-based automotive design and advocates for further research to investigate collaboration, communication, and creativity comprehensively. This knowledge is valuable for automotive designers, teams, and the industry, emphasizing the need for holistic approaches to optimize design processes and foster innovation.

A Systematic Literature Review of Novice Visual Representations of Design Ideas: A Three-Pronged Design Sketching Framework

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate how novice visual representation of design ideas has been operationalized, measured, or assessed in the research literature. In the different screening phases in this systematic review, inclusion, exclusion, and quality criteria were applied. From an initial sample of 958 articles, 40 studies were included in the final step of the coding process and qualitative synthesis. Applying provisional and open coding, three broad themes and 23 characteristics were identified that researchers used to conceptualize sketching of ideas in novice design activities: Communicating Ideas, Visual-Spatial Characteristics, and Design Creativity. We propose this Three-pronged Design Sketching (3-pDS) framework to examine and better understand novice design sketches, that is, K–16.

Visual Analysis of the Design Thinking Process of Yixing Zisha Teapots

Yixing Zisha teapots are an integral part of China's intangible cultural heritage, with their design traditions primarily relying on oral teaching and practice rather than systematic theoretical research. To address this research gap, this study engaged 10 expert practitioners in a design workshop, where numerous design sketches were produced. Using visual analysis, these sketches were thoroughly visually analyzed to explore the design processes and thinking patterns of Yixing Zisha teapot creation. The results reveal that the design process involves six distinct aspects: design form, design methods, design themes, design proportion, Classical Chinese philosophy, and decorative design. By systematically analyzing these aspects, this study preliminarily constructs a model of the design thinking process for Yixing Zisha teapots. This finding provides valuable perspectives and theoretical support for standardizing and systematizing the design processes of Yixing Zisha teapots, aiding in the education of new designers, and preserving the vitality of this traditional craft. These achievements not only open new research directions for the future development of Yixing Zisha teapot design but also offer insights and inspiration for the design research of other traditional crafts.

Paper or Tablet? The Impact of Digital Tools on Sketching During Engineering Design Concept Generation

Abstract Sketching is an important tool for engineers during concept generation. Sketch quantity during this early stage of design has been linked with eventual design outcomes and sketch quality has been linked with design perceptions. As such, both are important metrics to track. Prior work has also found gender differences in some of these sketch attributes, and considering gender imbalances in the field, it is important to assess whether there are differences in performance by gender during concept generation and if the use of digital tools exacerbate or mitigate any of these potential differences in performance by gender. Given the increase in use of digital tablets for sketching, it is important to assess how tablet use affects early stage engineering design sketches. This is especially important as tablets can automatically smooth lines and help perfect sketch features, but these features may also take longer to use and may result in fewer sketches produced. This study investigates differences in sketch quality, quantity, and understandability (the effectiveness of the sketch as a communication tool) between sketching on a tablet and sketching with pen on paper during an engineering design concept generation exercise. Results indicate that there is no difference in sketch quantity or understandability between the two tools. However, sketch quality, smoothness, and proportion/accuracy are all higher for the pen and paper condition than for the tablet condition. Finally, no gender differences in performance for either sketch quantity or quality were found.

From CountMin to Super kJoin Sketches for Flow Spread Estimation

Real-time data stream processing is key to many Internet applications ranging from e-commerce, social networks, to network monitoring. Sketches (compact data structures) are often used to track large, high-rate streams and estimate their statistics. However, the traditional model for measuring flow size, e.g., number of packets in each flow, is unsuitable for more sophisticated applications that require flow spreads, i.e., number of distinct elements in each flow. When there are numerous flows, most existing work modifies CountMin sketches — which were designed to measure flow size — for measuring flow spread. They inherit a similar design and a commonly-used min operation from the CountMin sketches. This paper casts doubt on such a solution path, arguing that the inherited sketch design and the min operation were both intended for a different purpose and are not the best for flow spread measurement. Replacing the min operation with new position-aware operations, we propose the kJoin sketches that achieve much better average accuracy. We mathematically derive the estimation error bound. We also apply our sketches for network-wide measurement. Trace-driven experiments on software/GPU/FPGA platforms demonstrate our work significantly improves estimation accuracy, streaming rate (recording throughput), and query throughput, compared to the state-of-the-art.

An intelligent body frame structure modeling and optimization system based on conceptual design

The conceptual design stage is an indispensable and important stage in the development of the modern body. However, due to the lack of sufficient body structure parameter support, the design defects generated at this time are difficult to make up for in the subsequent design stage. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a conceptual design software for body structure that integrates design, analysis, and optimization. This paper proposes an intelligent body frame structure modeling and optimization system based on conceptual design, S-iVCD (Intelligent System for Conceptual Design of Vehicle Body Structure). Based on deep learning methods and body design sketches, a conceptual model of body structure is quickly established. Based on the data parameters stored in the Excel table, the system is seamlessly connected to the domestic independent finite element software SIPESC to calculate the simulated working conditions. The body structure optimization module is driven by the MMA (method of moving asymptotes), and takes the body structure performance and total mass as the optimization goals or constraints of the mathematical model to achieve body structure performance improvement and lightweight design.

Automated arduino robot design with multi-level natural language processing chains

This research explores the potential of leveraging OpenAIs GPT-3.5-Turbo API for automating Arduino robot design through a structured multi-level language processing chain termed LangChain. The system breaks down the design process into six stages, from preliminary design sketching to failure analysis. Each stage generates robot design components using user inputs, progressively building upon the previous outputs. The results highlight the models capabilities in generating functional preliminary designs, suggesting hardware and software components, and offering assembly instructions. While demonstrating a commendable level of technical knowledge, the system requires further refinement in numerical analysis and design reviews. This approach provides a foundational framework for bridging the knowledge gap between amateurs and professionals in robotic design.

Environmentally friendly electric vehicle design

Particularly for automobiles, the global automotive industry is expanding quickly. One of the most often used forms of transportation in Indonesia is the automobile. A variety of cars, including MPVs, SUVs, City Cars, and Sedans, each with the sophistication and benefits of its own type, are being supplied by producers of four-wheeled vehicles. With a focus on sustainability and minimalism, designers create designs for city cars. This essay's goal is to examine how the environmentally friendly City Car is used in cities. The writing uses analytic techniques, design sketches, and three-dimensional visual representations.

CORRIGENDUM to “Automatic extraction of flat sketch design element from clothing images using artificial intelligence”

CORRIGENDUM to “Automatic extraction of flat sketch design element from clothing images using artificial intelligence”

Automatic extraction of flat sketch design element from clothing images using artificial intelligence

This study aims to develop a process that automatically extracts various flat sketch elements in vector format from clothing images. The approach of this study is to combine state-of-the-art image processing algorithms with the new algorithm devised in this study. First, a convolutional neural network based edge detection model trained with specially prepared fashion image data set was used to convert clothing images into edge maps. Then, a recurrent neural network based vectorization model and a rule-based image correction algorithm were used to convert the edge map into a vector image. Finally, a graph search algorithm was used to extract closed shapes from the vector image. As a result, the accuracy of edge extraction model has been improved by training with the special fashion image data set. The image correction rule was able to refine the vector images generated by the vectorization model. The graph algorithm was able to extract closed shapes from the vector image. This study is the first study to extract vector style flat sketch elements from clothing images using artificial intelligence and conventional computational geometry.

Practice and Research on Curriculum Reform of Landscape Sketch Design Based on "Campus Micro-renewal"

Practice and Research on Curriculum Reform of Landscape Sketch Design Based on "Campus Micro-renewal"

Identifying Interventions to Improve Diagnostic Safety in Emergency Departments: Protocol for a Participatory Design Study.

Emergency departments (EDs) are complex and fast-paced clinical settings where a diagnosis is made in a time-, information-, and resource-constrained context. Thus, it is predisposed to suboptimal diagnostic outcomes, leading to errors and subsequent patient harm. Arriving at a timely and accurate diagnosis is an activity that occurs after an effective collaboration between the patient or caregiver and the clinical team within the ED. Interventions such as novel sociotechnical solutions are needed to mitigate errors and risks. This study aims to identify challenges that frontline ED health care providers and patients face in the ED diagnostic process and involve them in co-designing technological interventions to enhance diagnostic excellence. We will conduct separate sessions with ED health care providers and patients, respectively, to assess various design ideas and use a participatory design (PD) approach for technological interventions to improve ED diagnostic safety. In the sessions, various intervention ideas will be presented to participants through storyboards. Based on a preliminary interview study with ED patients and health care providers, we created intervention storyboards that illustrate different care contexts in which ED health care providers or patients experience challenges and show how each intervention would address the specific challenge. By facilitating participant group discussion, we will reveal the overlap between the needs of the design research team observed during fieldwork and the needs perceived by target users (ie, participants) in their own experience to gain their perspectives and assessment on each idea. After the group discussions, participants will rank the ideas and co-design to improve our interventions. Data sources will include audio and video recordings, design sketches, and ratings of intervention design ideas from PD sessions. The University of Michigan Institutional Review Board approved this study. This foundational work will help identify the needs and challenges of key stakeholders in the ED diagnostic process and develop initial design ideas, specifically focusing on sociotechnological ideas for patient-, health care provider-, and system-level interventions for improving patient safety in EDs. The recruitment of participants for ED health care providers and patients is complete. We are currently preparing for PD sessions. The first results from design sessions with health care providers will be reported in fall 2024. The study findings will provide unique insights for designing sociotechnological interventions to support ED diagnostic processes. By inviting frontline health care providers and patients into the design process, we anticipate obtaining unique insights into the ED diagnostic process and designing novel sociotechnical interventions to enhance patient safety. Based on this study's collected data and intervention ideas, we will develop prototypes of multilevel interventions that can be tested and subsequently implemented for patients, health care providers, or hospitals as a system. DERR1-10.2196/55357.

Exploring the Influence of Xiaohongshu Application on Student Academic Performance and Technology Acceptance in Design Sketch Course: A Case Study at Sichuan Vocational College of Arts

Background and Aim: This study aims to explore the application of the Xiaohongshu mobile application in creating electronic portfolios, as well as editing, storing, and displaying students' electronic works in design sketch classes. The use of electronic portfolios can encourage students to constantly reflect on their artistic creations and improve their level of artistic performance. The objective of this research is to utilize the Xiaohongshu software as a platform for teaching technology and investigate the integration of electronic portfolios into design sketch classes, to enhance students' performance in design sketch works. Materials and Methods: The research utilized pre-tests and post-tests are conducted to evaluate students' performance in four areas of their design sketches: composition, space, details of objects and environment, and line quality. The questionnaire was used to measure students' PU and PEOU during the process of creating an electronic portfolio using Xiaohongshu software. Data were collected through test scoring and questionnaires, and statistical analysis and path hypothesis tests were conducted by Jamovi software. Results: The integration of the Xiaohongshu application software into the design sketch course exhibited positive outcomes. Analysis of pre-and post-test data revealed significant improvements in students' design sketch proficiency across various dimensions: composition, space representation, detailing of objects and environments, and line quality. Questionnaire survey results demonstrated favorable perceptions among students regarding the perceived usefulness and ease of utilizing the app for electronic portfolio creation. The study's findings suggest that the app contributes effectively to enhancing students' artistic capabilities. Conclusion: This study introduced the Xiaohongshu application software as an innovative e-learning tool for documenting painting processes and fostering curriculum exchange. Through a quasi-experimental approach, it assessed the software's impact on students' design sketch proficiency by creating electronic portfolios. The study also surveyed students' perceptions of its usefulness and ease of use. Findings demonstrated that integrating Xiaohongshu positively affected students' design skills, particularly in composition, spatial representation, detailing, and line quality. Students' positive feedback further validated the software's effectiveness. Additionally, the study highlighted the emergence of live online courses as a potential teaching mode. Future research could expand its scope by investigating diverse painting techniques and longer timeframes. In essence, this study underscores technology's transformative potential in traditional artistic education, paving the way for innovative pedagogical approaches and enhancing students' artistic growth.

Sketching assessment in engineering education: A systematic literature review

AbstractBackgroundSketching exists in many disciplines and varies in how it is assessed, making it challenging to define fundamental sketching skills and the characteristics of a high‐quality sketch. For instructors to apply effective strategies for teaching and assessing engineering sketching, a clear summary of the constructs, metrics, and objectives for sketching assessment across engineering education and related disciplines is needed.PurposeThis systematic literature review explores sketching assessment definitions and approaches across engineering education research.Methodology/ApproachWe collected 671 papers from five major engineering and education databases at all skill levels for reported sketching constructs and metrics, cognition, and learning contexts. Based on the selection criteria, we eliminated all but 41 papers, on which we performed content analysis.Findings/ConclusionsEngineering, design, and art emerged as three major disciplines in the papers reviewed. We found that sketching assessment most often employs metrics on accuracy, perspective, line quality, annotations, and aesthetics. Most collected studies examined beginners in undergraduate engineering design sketching or drawing ability tests. Cognitive skills included perceiving the sketch subject, creatively sketching ideas, using metacognition to monitor the sketching process, and using sketching for communication.ImplicationsSketching assessment varies by engineering discipline and relies on many types of feedback and scoring metrics. Cognitive theory can inform instructional activities as a foundation for sketching skills. There is a need for robust evidence of high‐quality assessment practices in sketching instruction. Assessment experts can apply their knowledge toward improving sketching assessment development, implementation, and validation.

Design of Ergonomic Adjustable Welding Work Facilities Using the DFMA Method

In this modern and sophisticated era, the manufacturing industry is developing both service industries and those that produce products with a variety of shapes and models to attract customers. For example, adjustable welding tables, motorbikes, cars, and others. Companies compete with each other in terms of price, product excellence, product innovation, and product convenience in order to find the right consumer market. DFMA (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly) is a method of making products that aims to facilitate the manufacturing and assembly process where existing designs can be simplified and adapted to the capabilities of the manufacturing facility by considering technical aspects. The scope of design and ergonomics activities includes problems related to human needs, including interior design, furniture design, environmental equipment design, transportation equipment design, textile design, graphic design, etc. (Setiawan, M. S. 2022). At this stage, data collection is carried out, and the author needs to design an adjustable welding table. However, first recompose the table components and determine which are assembly parts and subassembly parts. Then identify each component. Product size and components, labor time, manufacturing data, and others to support research. 1. Analysis of Design Needs 2. Preliminary Design Sketching 3. Design Evaluation 4. Final Design Refinement 4. Final Design Refinement 4. Final Design Refinement 4. Final Design Refinement 4. Final Design Refinement 4. Final Design Refinement. 1) In the previous product development, design 3 was completed with a design that is certainly more ergonomic than design 1, because design 3 has been adjusted to body size using ergonomic standards. 2) Based on the results of the development of this adjustable welding table product, option 3 is the one with the lowest cost because it has a smaller number of components and total assembly steps compared to options 1 and 2. The cost of option 1 is around Rp. 1,780,000; option 2 is around Rp. 1,515,000; and option 3 is around Rp. 870,000. The total assembly steps for option 1 are 40; option 2 is 34; and option 3 is 25. The number of components in options 1 and 2 is 10, while option 3 is only 9.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PRAKTIKUM GLBB PADA BIDANG MIRING DENGAN PENGENDALI KEMIRINGAN BERBASIS ARDUINO

There are lots of lessons learned at school, one of which is the study of glasses, these glasses are one of the sciences which study the basic elements that make up the universe. Therefore learning media, such as practicum tools are needed to explain imaginary physics concepts. This study aims to make a GLBB practicum tool on an inclined plane with an Arduino-based slope controller. This study uses the Research & Development (R&D) method. The design of this practicum tool has four stages, namely software design, programming and circuit sketching, hardware design, and testing the performance of the practicum tool that has been developed. This practicum tool uses several components such as Arduino Uno as the main controller, servo motor, infrared sensor, and LCD to display acceleration results. The calculation results show that the acceleration calculation and the automatic acceleration observation do have not much significant difference. This Arduino-based practicum tool can automatically measure the acceleration of objects on inclined surfaces when the angle is changed. The greater the angle formed, the greater the acceleration of the object.

Single Update Sketch with Variable Counter Structure

Per-flow size measurement is key to many streaming applications and management systems, particularly in high-speed networks. Performing such measurement on the data plane of a network device at the line rate requires on-chip memory and computing resources that are shared by other key network functions. It leads to the need for very compact and fast data structures, called sketches, which trade off space for accuracy. Such a need also arises in other application context for extremely large data sets. The goal of sketch design is two-fold: to measure flow size as accurately as possible and to do so as efficiently as possible (for low overhead and thus high processing throughput). The existing sketches can be broadly categorized to multi-update sketches and single update sketches. The former are more accurate but carry larger overhead. The latter incur small overhead but their accuracy is poor. This paper proposes a Single update Sketch with a Variable counter Structure (SSVS), a new sketch design which is several times faster than the existing multi-update sketches with comparable accuracy, and is several times more accurate than the existing single update sketches with comparable overhead. The new sketch design embodies several technical contributions that integrate the enabling properties from both multi-update sketches and single update sketches in a novel structure that effectively controls the measurement error with minimum processing overhead.