Methods Research Design Research Articles

The Views of Primary School Teachers and Parents on Homework at the Primary School Level are Discussed

This study aims to determine primary school teachers and parents' views on homework at the primary school level. The research was conducted using a phenomenological design and qualitative research methods. The study group consisted of 27 primary school teachers and 31 parents of primary school students working in various public schools in a province of Turkey in the 2023–2024 academic year. The research was conducted with the appropriate sampling technique, which is within the scope of purposeful sampling techniques. The researcher created semi-structured interview forms to collect the research data. The researcher used content analysis to describe the research data. The data analysis revealed six main themes that pertain to the opinions of primary school teachers, and five main themes, categories, and codes that reflect the opinions of parents. The study's results revealed that primary school teachers frequently assigned homework to students to reinforce and practice their learning. Parents' support is crucial for the academic, affective, social, and behavioral benefits that homework offers students. The study's results show that parents have positive and negative judgments about homework and assume motivating, guiding, and supervising roles during homework assignments.

Bagaimanakah Dampak Analisis Kebutuhan Dasar Siswa Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di SMA Islam NU Pujon pada Mata Pelajaran Kimia?

A safe and comfortable school is a school that is able to foster students' intrinsic motivation through a positive culture, namely by meeting the basic needs of students as the basis for determining an appropriate learning model to get learning outcomes that meet the KKM. This study aims to determine the impact of the analysis of students' basic needs on the achievement of learning outcomes, especially in chemistry subjects at SMA Islam NU Pujon. The sample of the basic needs analysis research is 398 students of NU Pujon Islamic High School for the 2024/2025 school year and the research sample for student learning outcomes for chemistry subjects is classes XI-4 and XII-2 with a mixed method explanatory design research method. The results of the study were obtained that the results of the analysis of the basic needs of NU Pujon Islamic High School students for the 2024/2025 school year with the need for pleasure 25.7%, the need for affection and acceptance 25.4%, the need for freedom 23.5%, and the need for power 25.4%. The average student learning outcomes for chemistry subjects were obtained in class Xl-4 of 77.9 and XII-2 of 79.22. The findings showed that the learning outcomes of students for Chemistry in the two classes were above the school KKM

Understanding Millennial relationships and consumption of no and low alcohol beer brands

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of brand image on brand relationships (brand satisfaction, brand trust and brand attachment), and the impact of these relationships on the current and future consumption of millennial consumers’ no and low alcohol (NoLo) beer brands. It also explored the moderating role of traditional word of mouth (WOM) and electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on the relationship between current and future consumption.Design/methodology/approach: The study sample included 439 millennials from Gauteng, South Africa, who actively purchase and consume NoLo beer. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the proposed hypotheses. A descriptive research design and non-probability sampling method were utilised, with reliability validated prior to SEM. Structural equation modelling examined both direct and indirect effects.Findings/results: Findings show NoLo beer aligns with millennials’ values and strengthens their identities, making them feel unique and accepted. Most hypotheses were accepted, except H4. Millennials may view NoLo beer as a functional product, trusting it without emotional attachment. Their attachment may not lead to current consumption but instead, it leads to future consumption as they await stronger brand identities or better products.Practical implications: The study offers NoLo beer sellers valuable guidelines to better understand and anticipate the consumption behaviour of South African millennials.Originality/value: This study provides insights into the structural properties linking the brand image with the current and future consumption of NoLo beer among millennials. Understanding this growing market segment is crucial for successful sales.

The Effect Of The Use Of Online Geogebra Learning Media And Learning Style Categories On The Mathematical Communication Skills Of Junior High School Students

This research aimed at testing, 1) whether there was a difference in mathematical communication skills of students in classes using Online GeoGebra and those not using Online GeoGebra; 2) whether there were differences in mathematical communication skills in terms of learning styles; 3) whether there was an interaction effect on students using Online GeoGebra and those not using Online GeoGebra and learning styles This research used a quasi-experimental design research method with a post-test only research design. The population of this research consisted of 8th-grade students with a total of 4 classes from of one of the Integrated Islamic Junior High Schools in Bekasi City. There were two groups for this research-the experimental group and the control group. The sample used consisted of two classes: one as The control class consisted 23 students and the other as the experimental class consisted 27 students. This research used two instruments: a questionnaire on learning styles and a test related to mathematical communication skills. Data analysis test using two-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple comparison test. The results of the research showed that, 1) there was a difference in mathematical communication abilities in classes using Online GeoGebra and those not using Online GeoGebra; 2) there were no differences in mathematical communication abilities in terms of learning styles; 3) there was an interaction between treatment and learning style on mathematical communication skills.

Instant Organoleptic Test of Kencur Rice with Various Types of Sugar as Sweeteners

The study aimed to determine the level of preference of the panelists in the instant organoleptic test of kencur rice with various kinds of sugar as sweeteners. The research was carried out in June – July 2023 at the Production Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya. The one-factor Complete Random Design Research Method (RAL) consists of 3 treatments of sugar sources (G) as sweeteners, namely G1 = sugar sweetener; G2 = brown sugar sweetener; G3 = palm sugar sweetener. The observation parameters were through a hedonic test on the properties of the product, namely taste, aroma, texture, color, and physical appearance, as well as determining the level of preference of the panelists for kencur rice instant drink from 3 types of sugar as sweeteners. Each treatment was repeated three times with 10 panelists per repetition. This Hedonic test with sensory analysis of kencur rice instant products is used to estimate what products are most liked by the panelists with the level of preference. The method used in the Hedonic Test with sensory analysis, consists of 5 levels: (1) very disliked, (2) disliked, (3) mediocre, (4) liked, and (5) strongly liked. The results of the research show that the type of sugar has an effect on the acceptance of the sweetness level of the panelists. Organoleptic test on product properties: palm sugar has an advantage in aroma, brown sugar has an advantage in texture, then granulated sugar has an advantage in color and physical appearance.

The effectiveness of outdoor education on positive youth development and 21st century skills

Background Problems: Adolescents face various social challenges, such as the need to succeed in a competitive environment, cope with stress, face a global pandemic, and must develop in the future as adults. Research Objectives: The purpose of this research is to create an outdoor program integrated with PYD and 21st century skills that form a generation of young people who are resilient and ready to face global challenges. Methods: The method used in this study was the quasi-experimental design research method. The design used in this study was Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design With More Than One Experimental Group. The research instrument to measure 21st century skills is the 21st century skills questionnaire, and to measure positive youth development (PYD) using the PYD 7Cs questionnaire. Findings and Results: There was a significant difference in the effect of the outdoor education program of PYD integration with the control group with a calculated f value of 17,993 and a sig value of 0.000. Similarly, there are differences between the 21st century skill integration group and the control group with a calculated f value of 15.579 and a sig value of 0.000. Conclusion: The results show that outdoor education that integrates PYD and 21st century skills has a better impact so that youth have excess energy if not channelled into positive activities. Youth needs in outdoor education activities are still an attractive choice. In the 21st century, outdoor education activities become meaningful learning with the condition that there is an integration concept both in 21st century skills and positive youth development.

RURAL BANDITRY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA (2017-2022): A STUDY OF OYO AND ONDO STATES

Government in an ideal society strives to promptly crush security challenges like banditry with a view to safeguarding human rights of the people but regrettably the reverse is the case in Nigeria. This study investigated the effect of rural banditry on human rights in Oyo and Ondo States, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design and quantitative method using self-structured questionnaire to collect data. A total of 400 respondents were sampled adopting stratified random sampling technique while ANOVA analysis was used to test the research hypotheses of the study. The study revealed that rural banditry activities violated the freedom of movement, rights to privacy, property, human dignity, liberty and security of life, among other civil and political rights of the people in Oyo and Ondo States. It also disclosed that rural banditry grossly violated the freedom of religion, rights to education, property as well as social and cultural rights of the people in Oyo and Ondo States. The study concluded that rural banditry activities like kidnapping, robbery, village raids, hostage and ransom taking, maiming and murder, among others severely impacted on the rights of people in both Oyo and Ondo States. The study recommended that government should establish special court to try and swiftly deal with the cases of banditry while Amotekun security outfit, which was established to confront the menace should be empowered through intensive training and supply of adequate and modern weapons and equipment.

Artificial Intelligence as Research Methods in Urban Design

This paper delves into the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in urban design, focusing on its capability to manage complex urban systems via paradigm classification and comparative analysis. It methodically explores how AI improves design generation, optimizes morphology, and simulates real-world scenarios, thereby enhancing design quality and efficiency throughout the urban design process. Furthermore, the study contributes to the development of comprehensive AI evaluation criteria, integrating both theoretical and practical perspectives to critically understand the advantages and limitations of AI in urban design applications.

Tingkat Nyeri Desminore pada Remaja dengan Massage Efflurage di SMAN 1 Cihaurbeuti

Efflurage massage is a method of massaging using the palms of the hands to apply gentle pressure to the surface of the body in a repeated direction of circulation. This technique aims to increase blood circulation, apply pressure and warm the abdominal muscles and increase physical and mental relaxation. Dysmenorrhea is pain or cramps that women feel in the lower abdomen area which occurs before or after experiencing the first day of menstruation (menarche) until the second day. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of massage efflurage on reducing desminorrhea pain. The method in this research is Quasi-Experimental research using the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design research method. The results of this study were that those who experienced desminore pain levels before efflurage massage were 14 respondents (47%) with severe desminore pain levels, 9 people (30%) with moderate pain levels and 18 (60%) respondents after efflurage massage. mild pain level. The conclusion from this study is that there is an effect of efflurage massage on reducing the level of desminore pain. Advice for teenagers is that when experiencing desminorrhea, they should try not to consume drugs and herbal medicines, and should do efflurage massage.

The Future of Accounting: Efficacy of Big Data on Accountant’s Functions in the Accounting Information Systems

Before the advent of big data, accounting operations were performed mainly using historical and structured data. The emergence, however, introduced the use of big data to enhance and complement functions in the accounting information system, which improves the real-time and effective management of accounting data for varying uses of stakeholders. This study examined the efficacy of big data on accountant’s functions in the accounting information system in Nigeria. The study utilised survey research design method by administering structured Likert scaled questionnaire. This study was rooted in resource-based view theory and agency theory. The targeted population and the sample size was 283, which comprised accountants with experience in information systems. A purposive sampling technique was adopted to determine the respondent. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The empirical findings revealed that big data proxied with prescriptive analytics, predictive analytics, machine learning, and the Hadoop ecosystem had significant but negative effect on accountant’s functions in accounting information systems in Nigeria. This suggests that although these technologies are relevant and influential, their integration may be challenging or counterproductive to accountants' traditional roles. The negative effect could be due to factors like complexity, the need for new skill sets, inefficiencies in system adaptation, or resistance to change, which may hinder the effectiveness of accountants in fully leveraging these technologies within their work processes. This study concluded that while big data has the potential to significantly enhance accounting information systems, its integration into the accounting profession in Nigeria has been problematic. It was recommended that organizations should invest in comprehensive training programs for accountants, focusing on developing the necessary skills to handle big data tools effectively.

From Books to Classrooms: Theory vs. Reality in English Language Classrooms

The application of theoretical knowledge in real classrooms is one of the important aspects of English Language Teaching (ELT). However, there is often mismatch between what student teachers learn in actual classroom and how they apply it in the classroom teaching. The purpose of this research is to explore how effectively student teachers integrate the theoretical knowledge gained from their coursework into their actual teaching practices. The study employs descriptive exploratory research design and qualitative research method. The sample consists of 35 student teachers from various campuses. Observations were conducted during off-campus teaching practices. Data were collected using a structured observation and analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings revealed a significant imbalance between Teacher Talking Time (TTT) and Student Talking Time (STT). The research also identified lack of interactive teaching methods and minimal use of teaching materials, revision and motivational strategies. The findings emphasize the need for improved teacher training programs which emphasize the integration of practice activities, effective use of teaching aids and strategies to balance TTT and STT.

PERCEIVED INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN DELTA STATE

The aim of this paper is to examine perceived influence of agricultural education on community development in Delta State. The study adopted three specific objectives, three research questions and three null hypotheses. The study reviewed the variable stated in the research questions. Human development theory was used by the researcher to ascertained influence of agricultural education towards community development. The study reviewed some literature appraisal propounded by other scholars. Cross sectional survey research design method was used in the study. The population of the study comprises 500 hundred respondents and it includes teachers and farmers. A simple random sampling technique was used to select (200) respondents of 90 teachers and 110 farmers for the study. Questionnaire was the major instrument used for data collection and it was validated by two experts. One from Department of Measurement and Evaluation, while the second one from Department of Vocational and Technical Education all from University of Benin, Edo State. Data obtained from the respondents showed a reliability index of 0.89 using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the result showed that agricultural education improve the development of community through provision job for over 99% of unemployed youths in Delta State. The study concluded that government need to provide loan for farmers in order for them to practice commercial farming system across the twenty five local government area of delta state for adequate food supply. The study recommended that university of agriculture should be created across the state that will education students on how to invest largely on both commercial and peasant farming system in Delta State.

Cycles: using storytelling to co-design a positive future for menstrual health and wellbeing in public spaces

Despite the ubiquity of menstruation, the area is under-researched and stigmatized. The burden of ‘managing’ periods lies with the people who menstruate (PWM). Some etiquettes and cultures ask that periods disappear/are hidden from the public sphere, however despite this, PWM continue to experience symptoms within these public spaces (pain, nausea, discomfort etc.). This paper describes a design research study in two parts: Cycles is a design project that firstly uncovers what it means to menstruate in ‘public’ and secondly explores how we can collaboratively generate conceptual solutions to contribute towards a positive future for menstrual health and well-being. Through a series of participatory and inclusive design research methods, based on storytelling the diverse experiences of a group of PWM were gathered. Subsequent analysis of the data identified a number of shared and individual stories that were re-enacted in an urban context (using Limerick City as a test bed). This research served to highlight that whilst everyone’s story with their period is individual, there is a collective lack of infrastructural, product and social support for PWM. Cycles surfaced a requirement for inclusive and equitable solutions that support PWM at the point of need whilst also raising awareness and building understanding and sympathy.

Suitability techniques for transforming marginal lands to support building infrastructures in parts of Rivers State, Nigeria

This study examined sustainability techniques for transforming marginal lands to support building infrastructures in parts of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey research design method employing the use of standard penetration approach utilizing Geographic Information System analysis. Marginal lands were delineated as margins of watrbodies using the polygon method in ArcGIS, and were created as a feature class for polygon data (shape file). The locations, river margins and roads formed point data, polygon data and line data respectively. Digitisation was achieved using Orthophoto Image in ArcGIS 10.0 software where seven geotechnical boreholes were located and drilled using permission rig to a depth of 10.5m in five local government areas of Rivers State. In-situ standard penetration testing and soil sampling for laboratory geotechnical properties was done using standard laboratory techniques. Findings of the analysis show that silty and sandy clay are the dominant soil within the foundation depth of 1-2.5m which are underlained by clays and sands of varying densities and grain sizes with their specific gravity value of ranges of 1.9 – 2.66 depicting that the areas are underlined by organic, diatomaceous and high porosity permeability soils deposits under water logged conditions. The cohesive strength of the soils vary from 65KN/m 2 - 115KN/m 2, angle of internal friction ranged from 0o – 10o and shear strength ranged from 110KN/m 2 – 147.46KN/m 2 and the allowable bearing capacities of 180.22KN/m 2 – 236.05KN/m 2. The stability techniques for the transformation of the land to support building infrastructures are pre-construction soil stabilization and marginal land reinforcement. The study thus recommends for building summation of consolidated techniques for sustainability of infrastructures.

Design for shared driverless vehicles of the future

On-demand shared transportation is a major new mobility innovation and potentially the main mode of transport in coming decades. Studies show that driverless vehicles have potential to accelerate uptake of shared vehicles at scale. People perceive sharing positively but do not necessarily translate perception into action, with desire for personal space a major reason for unwillingness to share vehicles. Design research is a powerful tool when creating methods and processes to anticipate future possibilities by visualising detailed features of proposed products. We present a set of design research methods engaging end users in a variety of empathy activities and a design process to translate their needs into visual concepts for future shared driverless vehicles that are attractive and more likely to be adopted.

Association between Stress Levels and Functional Dyspepsia among Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of Indonesian Christian University

Background: Stress is a problem that often occurs among students. The high incidence of stress in students can interfere with students' effectiveness in carrying out their lecture activities. Stress in students not only affects the quality of learning but can also affect the physical condition of students, one of which is the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders, one example of which is dyspepsia. Aims: This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between stress levels and functional dyspepsia in students at the Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Christian University class of 2020. Study Design: This research uses an observational analytical research design method with a cross-sectional approach. The main data source is primary data obtained through questionnaires taken online via Google Forms. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at the Indonesian Christian University located in Cawang, East Jakarta. Time of research in September 2022. Methodology: The population in this study was 137 students from the Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Christian University class of 2020. The sample was taken using a simple random sampling technique totaling 103 people determined using the Slovin formula with an uncertainty percentage of 5%. Results: From the results of data collection on 103 respondents who were FK UKI students Class of 2020, around 65% or 67 respondents were identified as having normal stress levels and as many as 64 students (62%) had symptoms of functional dyspepsia. Based on the results of the bivariate analysis, it was found that there was a relationship between the level of stress and the incidence of dyspepsia experienced by FK UKI students class of 2020 with the results of the chi-square test, namely p = 0.003 < sig 0.05 Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between stress levels and functional dyspepsia. This certainly cannot be taken lightly because the incidence of functional dyspepsia can have fatal consequences which can disrupt the sufferer's activities and productivity. Therefore, it is very necessary to manage emotions (stress levels) both by the sufferer himself and with professional help.

Functional Analysis of Thematic Approach to the Division of Surahs in Two English Contemporary Translations of the Qur’an

Thematic division of Qur’anic chapters (henceforth, surahs) into paragraphs is a recent trend in translating the Qur’an. This thematic approach refers to the translation of Qur’anic surah based on their underlying themes rather than verse-by-verse translation in a bilingual text. Disregarding source text division, some translators divide each Qur’anic surah into paragraphs with subheadings while translating the surahs into English. This paper aimed to reveal how the division and chosen themes for each paragraph of the surahs often differ among translators who choose this thematic approach to the Qur’an translation. The data is collected from two modern thematic English translations of the Qur’an, namely, The Clear Quran by Khattab (2015) and The Majestic Quran by Hussain (2018). Adopting a descriptive design and qualitative research method, the paper aimed at applying Nord’s model of functionalist text analysis to compare the units of analysis selected from three Qur’anic surahs: Q. 86, Q. 87 and Q. 93. These surahs are particularly chosen because they are divided differently in the two translations. The paper queries the impact of thematic translation and text segmentation on the Qur’an translation process, especially in relation to producing loyalty and functional adequacy in the two translations. Nord’s functional model was used to explore the effect of thematic translation in conveying the functions for the intended readership without betraying their trust in that they are reading God’s word in their own language. The findings emphasise that thematic translation tends to violate rather than maintain the original intended functions (skopos) and loyalty to the source text.

COMBATING DRUG AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG ‘PRIVATE HIGH SCHOOL’ LEARNERS IN WATERFALLS DISTRICT, HARARE, ZIMBABWE

The study investigates the causes of drug and substance abuse and proffers workable solutions to overcome the challenge within theprivate high school environment in Zimbabwe. The researchers used a qualitative research design and data collection method in the form of semi-structured interviews. The participants of this study involved five private high school learners, three private high school teachers and two headmasters from Waterfalls, Harare, Zimbabwe. Data was thematically analyzed. The study established that private high school administrations are neglecting the fundamental pillars of education, thereby compromising the standard of moral fiber in learners. Nonprocedural enrollment policies, lack of weekend and holiday rest and no sporting activities were established as the key causal factors of drug and substance abuse among learners in private high schools. The study concludes that the unconducive learning environment in private high schools in Zimbabwe is fertile ground for learners to succumb to drug and substance abuse usage. Whereas on the contrary, learners should have time to relax, play sports, and engage in creative activities. Therefore, this study recommends the enforcement of standardized healthy living principles of practice in private high schools in Zimbabwe.

Assessment of Risk Strategies in Banking Sector of Nepal

This article examines the impact of strategies in mitigating the risk in commercial banks of Nepal. First the paper introduces the risk in the financial institutions and then discusses the types of risks in the banks that rely on the IT systems for the operations and services. Besides, it forwards some strategies that can help the banking sector to reduce the risk and to promote the security from the attackers. I have used the mixed method of research design and have massively used the secondary data to assess the impact of the tools and techniques employed in mitigating the risk in the banking sector of Nepal. Despite the reliance on the secondary materials for information, the paper is analytical and critical contribution to the existing knowledge on the subject i.e. the risk management in the financial institutions of Nepal. The major objective of the paper has been to scrutinize the current risks faced by the banks in Nepal and the process of reducing the risks as adopted by the financial institutions in general. The finding of the study is the spread of awareness and updating the IT systems by the banks can help to protect the systems from the intruders and the cyber security must be strengthened to let the financial institutions feel safe.

Customer Behaviour towards Online Travel Agency (OTA) Services in the Hotel Industry: A Case Study in Doha, Qatar

This research investigates customer behaviour towards online travel agency (OTA) services in the hotel industry using a quantitative design and correlation research method with 139 tourists in Doha, Qatar. 95% response rate is collected and analysed using SPSS software. The results show that service quality, perceived value, and brand loyalty significantly affect customer satisfaction, while customer expectation does not. However, the study finds that customer satisfaction significantly influences customer behaviour toward OTA services in the hotel industry. The study provides practical insights for hotel managers and OTA services to enhance customer experiences by identifying the key factors that drive customer behaviour. Moreover, it contributes to the existing literature on customer behaviour towards OTA services in the hotel industry by identifying the crucial factors that influence customer behaviour.