Prototype Design Research Articles

热气流风机的数值模拟及试验

The value of high moisture content crops is higher and the planting area is wider. However, in the harvest process, due to the high moisture content, the cleaning loss is greater. In order to reduce the adhesion between the crop extraction mixture and improve the cleaning performance, a method of hot air cleaning was proposed. By using the fan design theory and thermodynamics, the prototype design of the hot air fan was completed. Through orthogonal test, the most suitable parameter combination is 1445r/min fan speed and 85℃ air inlet temperature. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to observe the air velocity and air temperature of the outlet under the optimal combination of parameters to check whether it meets the requirements of hot air cleaning. The reliability of numerical simulation was tested by bench test. Finally, a field experiment was carried out with the hot air fan to observe the difference between the cleaning effect and the fan under the optimal parameter combination, and compare the cleaning loss rate.

Postural Assessment of Indian Excavation Workers and Prototype Design of Virtual Iron-Pan

The study was conducted among excavation labourers of the construction sites for five different tasks. Five postures were selected from the video recorded at the time of data collection. Analysis of static/dynamic working postures and loads on the various body parts are being done using computer software's which is not possible manually nowadays. In this study, the postures of excavation labourers were assessed using CATIA software during five various excavation operations. Digital Human Analysis (DHM) was developed in the CATIA software for study. RULA, REBA, biomechanical and lifting analysis were performed to detect body risk and loads on the L4/L5 segment of the vertebral column. CATIA software reveals that the excavation labourers are working at high risk. The result evaluated by RULA and REBA for all five working postures indicates that all postures require investigation and need immediate change. The result shows that biomechanical loads at the L4/L5 segments are higher than the NIOSH recommended limit for the task of throwing soil and receiving the pan by some outside labourers. Almost the same effect was observed when lifting of iron-pan where the labourers work in the flexion position. New prototype iron-pan was developed and re-analysis to compare the results with new working techniques in CATIA. This showed that the prototype iron-pan proposed helps to reduce the ergonomic risk during excavation and related work. The CATIA software also provides better results by better evaluation of working postures of labourers at excavation sites.

Prototype design education for the teaching of mechanism kinematics: Application to the Scotch yoke mechanism

Prototype design education for the teaching of mechanism kinematics: Application to the Scotch yoke mechanism

Retracted: Modified Mechanical Structure Electric Bike Design Computation and Prototype Model Implementation

Retracted: Modified Mechanical Structure Electric Bike Design Computation and Prototype Model Implementation

Perancangan Website Departement Profile Plant Hauling District Indo PT. Pamapersada Nusantara Kalimantan Timur

One media for conveying information about a departement, company or agency is a website profile. To provide information, the indo plant hauling district departement only uses the WhatsApp application to share the latest news, announcements, or updates related to the departement, such as awards, new projects, or changes in the organization. To overcome the problem of information that can only be known by people in the departement, we provide recommendations for designing the Indo Plant Hauling District Departement website PT. Pamapersada Nusantara East Kalimantan. The prototype method that will be used to develop this website and get results from this service, namely a user interface design and website prototype for the Indo plant hauling district departement profile.

A Robo-hand prototype design gripping device within the framework of sustainable development

A Robo-hand prototype design gripping device within the framework of sustainable development

Design Prototype Detector of Temperature, Humidity, and Air Quality using Sensors, Microcontrollers, Solar Cells, and IoT

Design Prototype Detector of Temperature, Humidity, and Air Quality using Sensors, Microcontrollers, Solar Cells, and IoT

Hybrid total alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis: a pilot study to evaluate feasibility, functional performance and impact on post-operative quality of life.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical efficiency of hybrid alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis in patients undergoing TMJ total alloplastic joint replacement (TMJR). The prosthesis utilized for this study for TMJR is a hybrid variant with combination of stock prototype design and a partial customization of components. A prospective clinical study was conducted involving five patients with unilateral TMJ ankylosis or end-stage joint disease (ESJD) indicated for and requiring TMJR. The patients underwent resection of the joint or gap arthroplasty followed by TMJR using the hybrid alloplastic TMJ prosthesis. The subjective and objective variables that included the jaw function (JF), inter-incisal opening (IO), diet intake (DI) and quality of life (QoL) were assessed using the psychometric modified Likert scale. The nutritional status of the patients was evaluated using the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as reference. The assessed study variables demonstrated functional and observational improvement in the post-operative follow-up when compared to the pre-operative period. The patients showed an improvement in overall QoL and nutritional status post-operatively. The follow-up period showed subjective and objective improvement in the parameters assessed among the study population. There is a technical and clinical feasibility to utilize the hybrid alloplastic TMJ prosthesis as a reliable alloplastic option for treating patients requiring TMJR, with prudent indications.

Experience of utilizing a human-centered design approach to create a patient navigation program in Ontario, Canada

Background: Navigation programs are being prioritized world-wide as a solution to achieving integrated care. However, designing a health and social care navigation program that is person-centered is challenging, especially when the structure of the health care system continues to change. In 2019, the province of Ontario in Canada began restructuring the health care system in an attempt to move towards integrated care. Multiple Ontario Health Teams (OHT) were created with the vision that every person in Ontario will be able to access care through the OHT that they are attributed to. To reach this vision, one of the mandates of OHTs is to implement localized care navigation programs. 
 Methods: Human-centered design is a methodology and creative process to problem-solving that involves users in the co-design of a program. It is a framework that has been previously utilized by product designers but is now being leveraged in health care as it allows for person-centered care programs to be developed where patient experience is at the forefront. The process being followed by Central West OHT (CW OHT) includes three iterative steps: inspiration, ideation, and implementation. In the inspiration or problem identification stage, the Integrated Navigation Working Group (consisting of patients, caregivers, health care service providers, home and community care, nurses, project managers, researchers, and social workers) reviewed the literature and policy context, conducted descriptive data analysis (census data, hospitalization data, and data obtained from system partners), and elicited data from the public and local care organizations using quantitative cross-sectional surveys (22 survey responses from care organizations and 16 responses from patients/caregivers), semi-structured interviews with experts (11 organizations), and three focus groups with service providers, patients, and general community members. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. 
 Results: Findings showed that navigation is particularly difficult for vulnerable populations in the community including seniors and/or those who do not have a regular care provider. At the system level, it was found that many organizations do not have a formal navigation role or service in place. Using this information, the team is now in the ideation phase and has sketched a design prototype that includes a) having a patient navigator who would be responsible for connecting patients and their caregivers to local resources and information, and b) patients having a health care navigation "passport" that outlines the patient's profile, services they used, and their preferences. Given that human-centered design is iterative, the next step for this program is to test the prototype (i.e., do a pilot) in the community, ask users about their experiences, and evaluate results with established metrics. The program will then be implemented and scaled up in March 2023.
 Discussion: This work highlights how beneficial human-centered design is to the complex field of integrated care using a case study of the patient navigation program in CW OHT. Along with describing the program, our findings, and the process we used, I will also share the lessons we learned at ICIC23 given that they can be applied to several health care challenges.

MamoRef: an optical mammography device using whole-field CW diffuse reflectance. Presentation, validation and preliminary clinical results

Objective. MamoRef is an mammography device that uses near-infrared light, designed to provide clinically relevant information for the screening of diseases of the breast. Using low power continuous wave lasers and a high sensitivity CCD (Charge-coupled device) that captures a diffusely reflected image of the tissue, MamoRef results in a versatile diagnostic tool that aims to fulfill a complementary role in the diagnosis of breast cancer providing information about the relative hemoglobin concentrations as well as oxygen saturation. Approach. We present the design and development of an initial prototype of MamoRef. To ensure its effectiveness, we conducted validation tests on both the theoretical basis of the reconstruction algorithm and the hardware design. Furthermore, we initiated a clinical feasibility study involving patients diagnosed with breast disease, thus evaluating the practical application and potential benefits of MamoRef in a real-world setting. Main results. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the reconstruction algorithm in recovering relative concentration differences among various chromophores, as confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. These simulations show that the recovered data correlates well with the ground truth, with SSIMs of 0.8 or more. Additionally, the phantom experiments validate the hardware implementation. The initial clinical findings exhibit highly promising outcomes regarding MamoRef’s ability to differentiate between lesions. Significance. MamoRef aims to be an advancement in the field of breast pathology screening and diagnostics, providing complementary information to standard diagnostic techniques. One of its main advantages is the ability of determining oxy/deoxyhemoglobin concentrations and oxygen saturation; this constitutes valuable complementary information to standard diagnostic techniques. Besides, MamoRef is a portable and relatively inexpensive device, intended to be not only used in specific medical imaging facilities. Finally, its use does not require external compression of the breast. The findings of this study underscore the potential of MamoRef in fulfilling this crucial role.

Research, Development and Design for Product Development SAC: Interaction Design Mobile Web Application Using User Centered Design Methodology

In the era of Covid-19, people are more sensitive to their health and hygiene. SAC is present in the community as a service to clean each customer’s favourite shoes. Even though SAC has been around since 2013, until now they have not touched the digital realm. For this reason, innovation for SAC needs to be implemented so they are not left behind by competitors who are starting to become aware of digitalization. So that the implementation of digitalization can save costs and time, the approach to making digital products is through product development. To innovate through the use of product development in digital, a User-Centered Design (UCD) method approach with a Design Thinking (DT) mindset is used. The UCD process includes understanding context, specify user requirements, design solution, and evaluate. With the DT mindset, the process of emphatizing, defining, and ideation is applied to the understand context and specify user requirements so that this research will understand the usability side for users. With the addition of 5 UCD elements from Jesse James Garret, the digitalization process will be more in-depth and detailed in terms of creating interface design solutions. Primary data will be collected through In-depth Interview resulting abundant data that create persona and Minimum Viable Product(MVP). This research aims to analyze and identify the user experience flow for the prototype mobile web app product design SAC with the identifying the MVP and design prototype mobile website application and later do some usability testing to getting result that can meet the needs and uses for SAC customers. The result of this design approach method is a high-fidelity mobile web app prototype which was evaluated using Usability Testing (UT). The persona of each customer and the desire are the first key in development. Strong framework is formed with information architecture, low-fidelity, and high-fidelity prototypes. The final stage of the UCD iteration is to evaluate Usability Testing with a binary task success rate of 90%. Another UT results of quantitative data analysis with the Single Ease Question (SEQ) showed the number 6.42 and the System Usability Scale (SUS) showed the number 87.5 with quality A.

Prototype design and experimental study of fission neutron imaging at China Mianyang research reactor

Taking advantage of the special reaction principle between neutrons and elements, the neutron imaging method is better suited to testing the structure and the defects of light materials that are covered by heavy materials. In contrast to thermal or cold neutron imaging, the fast neutrons are best suited to testing the large samples composed of various materials. Fission neutrons emitted from the reactor are more stable than those from other neutron sources. Based on the beamline for thermal neutron imaging at China Mianyang Research Reactor (CMRR), a combination of filters could increase the proportion of the fission neutrons. Various fission neutron collimators were calculated, designed and measured. The flux of fission neutrons was close to 3 × 105 cm−2 s−1, when the collimation ratio was about 172. A fission neutron imaging system was built as well. The field of view (FOV) was as large as 400 mm × 400 mm, and the experimental spatial resolution was better than 0.5 mm. The fission neutron tomography was tested. The reconstruction results were comparable to the tomography performed in NECTAR at FRM-II. In addition, a serial time acquisition method was applied in the tomography to reduce the white noise. The ART reconstruction method may improve the quality of the reconstruction images.

Design and Manufacture of Modular Robotic Cell prototype for application in different production processes

This work presents the design and development of a two-axis robotic cell with a modular and versatile approach for industrial applications. The aim is to enhance efficiency in industrial production through process automation. The modular design allows for future adaptations without significant structural changes. The results demonstrate an increase in production speed, a reduction in errors and waste, and greater consistency in product quality. The investment in this robotic cell is economically justified by its benefits. Safety measures have been implemented to ensure the integrity of operators. Additionally, various applications have been presented, such as the automation of manufacturing processes, painting, and parts organization. This project opens up opportunities for future research, such as process optimization, the integration of artificial intelligence, applications in Industry 4.0, and sustainability

Modeling, Model Calibration, and Characterization of Graphite Anodes from Coal Derived Carbon for Battery Applications

Most current production electric vehicles (EVs) contain cells with a battery pack or module in order to maintain electrical conductivity, prevent fatigue due to vibrations, and provide efficient cooling. Various module hardware has to be designed in order to facilitate the efficient rejection of heat and contain volume change due to operation and battery cell aging. As we see a shift towards EVs both globally and domestically, the time from concept development to vehicle production needs to rapidly decrease. The use of model-based engineering is critical to driving rapid design and virtual prototyping of electric vehicles to ensure that battery module components meet EV requirements.Currently, empirical data is used to characterize and parameterize battery models that are used to drive design decisions at the battery cell and battery module level. Typical vehicle level use profiles such as the Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) profile, constant rate discharge, constant rate charging, and US06 drive cycles are traditionally used to parameterize battery models. In this work, we discuss select cell level testing profiles, evaluate the electrochemical transport and reaction parameters that are estimated using a porous electrode model, and provide insight and recommendations based on data from coal derived graphite for battery applications.References Garrick, T. R., Gao, J., Yang, X., & Koch, B. J. (2021). “Modeling Electrochemical Transport within a Three-Electrode System.” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 168(1), 010530. Lopata, J. S., Garrick, T. R., Wang, F., Zhang, H., Zeng, Y., & Shimpalee, S. (2023). “Dynamic Multi-Dimensional Numerical Transport Study of Lithium-Ion Battery Active Material Microstructures for Automotive Applications.” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 170(2), 020530.

Experiential Marketing Tourism and Hospitality Tours Generation Hybrid Model

The emergence of immersive technologies presents unprecedented opportunities for both users and organizations. This paper explores the future of digital marketing as a new ecosystem wherein innovative marketing strategies enable organizations to communicate with their customer base in ways previously unattainable, reshaping traditional marketing concepts into novel and unimaginable actions. This study proposes an experiential marketing tourism and hospitality tours generation hybrid model. The model focuses on generating virtual tours based on 360° VR videos, specifically designed for hotel environments, their surroundings, and tourist zones. The immersive environment proposal includes the design of user interface prototypes and incorporates the automated division of 360° videos using convolutional neural networks. Subsequently, personalized tours are composed based on user profiles, utilizing a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). Functionality tests for the video division and labeling component, as well as the composition of tours according to user profiles recommended by the CBR, yielded satisfactory results. The application of this system has the potential to positively influence reservation intentions and enhance brand image. Immersive experiences have the capability to trigger effects in affective, attitudinal/behavioral, and cognitive dimensions.

A tunable star-shaped highly sensitive microwave sensor for solid and liquid sensing

This paper presents the development of an innovative, tunable star-shaped microwave sensor operating at two distinct frequency bands C and X band, optimized for high-sensitivity sensing of both solid and liquid mediums. The sensor's innovative star-shaped geometry augments the surface interaction with the target substances, significantly enhancing the sensor's response and sensitivity. Furthermore, tunability allows the sensor to adapt to different sensing environments, maximizing the detection potential at both frequencies. This research delves into the sensor's performance when using four different substrates for solid sensing containing FR-4, RO-3035, RO-5880, and RO-6202. Each substrate, characterized by unique electromagnetic properties, contributes differently to the sensor's sensitivity and resolution. The extensive experimental results highlight the sensor's proficiency in detecting and differentiating between these substrates, revealing the impact of material selection on sensor performance. The sensor's ability to distinguish between various liquids, including water, milk, oil, and energy drinks, is evaluated in the liquid sensing scenario. The sensor successfully detects the subtle variances in the electromagnetic properties of these liquids, suggesting its capability for high-resolution liquid sensing. The proposed MTM-based sensor resonates at 4.46 GHz and 11.48 GHz, respectively. Numerical software CST was used to analyze all the parameters. A 3 × 3 array was used in the prototype design, and it was used to measure the C-band resonance frequency. On the other hand, a compact unit cell was used to measure the X-band resonance frequency. The outcomes suggest a substantial potential for this sensor design in various industries and scientific fields, including food quality control, the oil industry, biomedical applications, and environmental monitoring. The unique combination of star-shaped design, tunable frequencies, and various substrates offers unprecedented flexibility and sensitivity in solid and liquid sensing on microwave frequency ranges.

DESAIN KONSEP PURWARUPA MESIN INJECTION MOLDING TIPE VERTIKAL UNTUK DAUR ULANG LIMBAH PLASTIK SKALA RUMAH TANGGA

Plastic waste is the main cause of environmental pollution. It is necessary to research the design of the Injection Molding machine to process plastic waste. This study describes the design concept of a vertical type Injection Molding machine prototype by considering the factors to be utilized by small-scale plastic recycling businesses. The design stage starts from the identification of component requirements to the design of 3D drawings. The results of this study obtained a prototype design of a Vertical Injection Molding Machine. The embodiment of the design is not only determined directly by the design team and the manufacturing team, but is obtained from customer requests described in the technical specifications. At the concept design stage, there are 5 sub-functions and each function has 3 to 4 options. From the combination of these sub-functions and options, 3 assembly sketches were obtained so that 3 alternative design concepts were obtained. From the results of the concept assessment, design concept C was chosen from several alternative concepts.

Hydrodynamic behaviour improvement of check valves through CFD analysis

In this article, the computer assisted design, flow simulation, optimization of production parameters and unique design prototype manufacturing of a check valve with 16 bar pressure, 5 m/s flow rate and 52000 m3/h flow coefficients, which have never been achieved before in the valve sector, were presented to the attention of the readers. Check valves have a critical role that do not allow reverse flow of the fluid passing through them and are generally designed to secure the pipeline. A small mistake in design may cause great damage in the system. For this reason, a new product of which the disc material exposed to 5 m/s fluid velocity, the body subjected to 16 bar pressure and the system with a flow coefficient of 52000 m3/h were designed by the Solidworks, the flow was simulated with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), and the mechanical resistance was analysed by FEA (Finite Element Analysis). Fluent, CFD and mechanical modules of ANSYS were used to define the parameters of the design. The manufactures of the products designed in the computer environment have been produced by casting method with a 45% ferritic microstructure and impact resistance twice as high as the standard requirements have been implemented.

Integrated Immunization Information System in Indonesia: Prototype Design Using Quantitative and Qualitative Data.

As the volume of immunization records increases, problems with fragmented records arise, especially since the majority of records in developing countries, including Indonesia, remain paper based. Implementing an immunization information system (IIS) offers a solution to this problem. In this study, we designed an integrated IIS prototype in Indonesia using the design science research (DSR) methodology. The stages of the DSR methodology followed in this study included identifying problems and motivating and defining objectives for a solution, design and development, demonstration, evaluation, communication, and drawing conclusions and suggestions. Specifically, this study began with problem formulation and a literature review. We then applied quantitative (questionnaire with 305 members of the public) and qualitative (interviews with 15 health workers including nurses, midwives, and doctors) data collection approaches. The resulting high-fidelity prototype follows the 8 golden rules. There are 2 IIS designs, one for the public as immunization recipients and another for health workers. The functionalities include immunization history, schedule, recommendations, verification, certificates, reminders and recalls, coverage, monitoring, news, and reports of adverse events. Evaluation of the prototype was carried out through interviews and a questionnaire designed according to the System Usability Scale (SUS) and Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ). The SUS value was 72.5 or "Good (Acceptable)," while the system usefulness, information quality, interface quality, and overall value on the PSSUQ were 2.65, 2.94, 2.48, and 2.71, respectively, which indicate it has an effective design. This provides a guide for health facilities, health regulators, and health application developers on how to implement an integrated IIS in Indonesia.

Predicting Waist Circumference From a Single Computed Tomography Image Using a Mobile App (Measure It): Development and Evaluation Study.

Despite the existing evidence that waist circumference (WC) provides independent and additive information to BMI when predicting morbidity and mortality, this measurement is not routinely obtained in clinical practice. Using computed tomography (CT) scan images, mobile health (mHealth) has the potential to make this abdominal obesity parameter easily available even in retrospective studies. This study aimed to develop a mobile app as a tool for facilitating the measurement of WC based on a cross-sectional CT image. The development process included three stages: determination of the principles of WC measurement from CT images, app prototype design, and validation. We performed a preliminary validity study in which we compared WC measurements obtained both by the conventional method using a tape measurement in a standing position and by the mobile app using the last abdominal CT slice not showing the iliac bone. Pearson correlation, student t tests, and Q-Q and Bland-Altman plots were used for statistical analysis. Moreover, to perform a diagnostic test evaluation, we also analyzed the accuracy of the app in detecting abdominal obesity. We developed a prototype of the app Measure It, which is capable of estimating WC from a single cross-sectional CT image. We used an estimation based on an ellipse formula adjusted to the gender of the patient. The validity study included 20 patients (10 men and 10 women). There was a good correlation between both measurements (Pearson R=0.906). The student t test showed no significant differences between the two measurements (P=.98). Both the Q-Q dispersion plot and Bland-Altman analysis graphs showed good overlap with some dispersion of extreme values. The diagnostic test evaluation showed an accuracy of 83% when using the mobile app to detect abdominal obesity. This app is a simple and accessible mHealth tool to routinely measure WC as a valuable obesity indicator in clinical and research practice. A usability and validity evaluation among medical teams will be the next step before its use in clinical trials and multicentric studies.