Work System Design Research Articles

Research outputs in ergonomics and human factors engineering: a bibliometric and co-word analysis of content and contributions

This article analyzes research outputs in ergonomics and human factors engineering (EHFE), revealing its intellectual structure via bibliometric techniques, co-word analysis, network analysis and science visualization tools. The population comprises 23,472 records published during 2000–2018 in 19 core journals of the human factors and ergonomics subject category in Scopus. Findings showed that in EHFE fields ‘the United States’, ‘University of Central Florida’ and ‘Stanton NA’ were the most productive country, university and author, respectively. It was also found that ‘ergonomics’ was the most frequent keyword and ‘ergonomics × human factor’ the most frequent co-occurring keywords in EHFE documents. Hierarchical cluster analysis led to creation of eight topical clusters, including among others ‘biomechanics ergonomics’, ‘work-related musculoskeletal disorders & work system design’ and ‘performance’. The results indicated that ‘biomechanics ergonomics’ was a well-matured cluster while ‘human machine interaction’, ‘ergonomics design’, ‘macro-ergonomics’ and ‘cognitive ergonomics’ were found to be emerging or declining clusters.

Using Technology to Support Distributed Teams: A Work System-Based Study of an Interdisciplinary Team Responding to COVID-19

Effective teams are essential to meet the complex and dynamic requirements during pandemic response. This case study analyses the work system of mobileSHIELD, a distributed team developing a diagnostic test in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted interviews with 18 team members to understand how work system design influences the use of technology to support distributed teams. We identified six work system barriers and facilitators. The barriers related to rapidly adopting new technologies and not utilizing features of technologies that support relationships. The facilitators were related to the use of technology to support informal communication, synchronous and asynchronous communication, and mobile technology to improve productivity and collaboration. Our findings indicate technology that is mobile, cloud based, simple and user-friendly can support distributed teams, in particular by improving asynchronous communication. Future research will holistically explore implications for work system design to support interdisciplinary teams responding to societal crises.

Empowering Flight Exercise: Teaching Students the Design, Underlying Processes, and Organizational Outcomes of Empowering Work Systems

Employee empowerment yields positive outcomes for employees, managers, and organizations. Yet, too many employees feel disempowered at work, and managers, while wanting to empower employees, often do not know how. Contributing to this state of affairs is the lack of published, high-fidelity exercises explicitly designed to instruct students on how empowerment “feels,” how empowerment “works,” and how to practically empower others. In this article, we outline a 90-minute face-to-face classroom exercise that integrates the structural and psychological empowerment perspectives enabling students to “feel” empowerment or disempowerment and see the productivity and quality benefits of an empowered workforce, and teaches students how to empower others at work. While participating in the exercise, students simulate working in an airplane manufacturing organization, working either in an empowered work environment or a traditional hierarchical work environment. The exercise provides instructors with an important classroom tool to instruct students about the importance of empowerment, trust, and performance in organizational life.

Modelling of Rock Cutting with Asymmetrical Disc Tool Using Discrete-Element Method (DEM)

The use of asymmetrical disc tools for the mining of hard and very hard rocks is a promising direction for developing mechanical mining methods. A significant obstacle in developing mining methods with the use of asymmetric disc tools is the lack of adequate computational methods. A deep understanding of rock–tool interaction can develop industrial applications of asymmetric disc tools significantly. The fundamental problem in designing work systems with asymmetric disc tools is the lack of adequate analytical models to identify tool loads during the mining process. One reasonable approach is to use computer simulation. The purpose of the research was to develop a simulation model of rock cutting using an asymmetrical disc tool and then evaluate the developed model. In the article, the Discrete-Element Method (DEM) in LS-Dyna was adopted to simulate rock cutting with asymmetrical disc tools. Numerical tests were conducted by pushing the disc into a rock sample at a given distance from the sample edge until the material was detached entirely. Two types of rock samples were used in the simulation tests: concrete and sandstone. The independent variables in the study were the disc diameter and the cut spacing. To validate the simulation model, analogous laboratory tests were carried out. The article presents a comparison of the results of simulation and laboratory tests. The given comparison showed good accordance LS-Dyna model with the experimental studies. The proposed test results can be input data for developing simulation models on a larger scale. Thus, it will be possible to consider the complex kinematics of the dynamics of the rock-mining process with disc tools using the DEM simulation.

DEEP SCOPE: A Framework for Safe Healthcare Design.

Thinking in patient safety has evolved over time from more simplistic accident causation models to more robust frameworks of work system design. Throughout this evolution, less consideration has been given to the role of the built environment in supporting safety. The aim of this paper is to theoretically explore how we think about harm as a systems problem by mitigating the risk of adverse events through proactive healthcare facility design. We review the evolution of thinking in safety as a safety science. Using falls as a case study topic, we use a previously published model (SCOPE: Safety as Complexity of the Organization, People, and Environment) to develop an expanded framework. The resulting theoretical model and matrix, DEEP SCOPE (DEsigning with Ergonomic Principles), provide a way to synthesize design interventions into a systems-based model for healthcare facility design using human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) design principles. The DEEP SCOPE matrix is proposed to highlight the design of safe healthcare facilities as an ergonomic problem of design that fits the environment to the user by understanding built environments that support the “human” factor.

Development of a stakeholder identification and analysis method for human factors integration in work system design interventions – Change Agent Infrastructure

AbstractIn any work system design intervention—for example, a physical workplace re‐design, a work process change, or an equipment upgrade—it is often emphasized how important it is to involve stakeholders in the process of analysis and design, to gain their perspectives as input to the development, and ensure their future acceptance of the solution. While the users of an artifact or workplace are most often regarded as being the most important stakeholders in a design intervention, in a work‐system context there may be additional influential stakeholders who influence and negotiate the design intervention's outcomes, resource allocation, requirements, and implementation. Literature shows that it is uncommon for empirical ergonomics and human factors (EHF) research to apply and report the use of any structured stakeholder identification method at all, leading to ad‐hoc selections of whom to consider important. Conversely, other research fields offer a plethora of stakeholder identification and analysis methods, few of which seem to have been adopted in the EHF context. This article presents the development of a structured method for identification, classification, and qualitative analysis of stakeholders in EHF‐related work system design intervention. It describes the method's EHF‐related theoretical underpinnings, lessons learned from four use cases, and the incremental development of the method that has resulted in the current method procedure and visualization aids. The method, called Change Agent Infrastructure (abbreviated CHAI), has a mainly macroergonomic purpose, set on increasing the understanding of sociotechnical interactions that create the conditions for work system design intervention, and facilitating participative efforts.

Design of Work System for Reducing Pollution and Forest Fire Smoke

Air quality has an impact on human life. The incidence of forest and land fires has caused many casualties. On the other hand, poor air quality as a result of forest and land fires also threatens human life directly. Therefore a Pollution and Smoke Reduction Tool was designed as a solution to the problems of pollution and smoke due to forest fires. The purpose of writing this article is to describe the design and manufacture of Pollution and Smoke Reducers as well as its working principles. The writing method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques in the form of literature studies to strengthen ideas. Pollution and Smoke Reducers are tools that can convert particulate CO (PM) PM10 and PM2.5 into CO_2 and burn particulates PM10 and PM2.5 until they disappear. Pollution and Smoke Reducers are the development of research on catalytic converters and diesel particulate filters by utilizing a fan/blower as a smoke suction agent and a heater to heat the smoke until it burns completely. Pollution and Smoke Reducers are also equipped with wire mesh and fiber to trap particulates and hold them until they burn entirely. Pollution and Smoke Reducers are designed with several materials and tools specifically designed to reduce the direct impact of forest and land fires by burning PM 10 and PM2.5 and lowering CO emissions. The smoke reduction capability based on the designed design has smoke and particulate reduction capacity of ±43,4769880184/ft3. The capacity of the smoke and particulate suction rate is 21500ft3/minutes with the ability of the significant smoke suction rate so that smoke and particulates due to forest fires can enter the equipment and do not fly freely under the wind. Hence, the air that is inhaled by the community has better potential and safe for health.

Design Of Pt Xyz Work Station By Calculating The Standard Time, Single-Minutes Exchange Of Dies (Smed) And 5s Method

A good work station can support an increase in worker productivity. Increased productivity will have a direct impact on company profits and provide workers with morning comfort. In this research, the role of work station design with reference to standard time, Single-Minutes Exchange of Dies (SMED) and 5S method was carried out. Standard time is used to see how long workers do a job. The SMED method aims to replace an external setup activity with an internal setup that reduces the setup time for an activity. To support the SMED method, it is necessary to design a work station based on the 5S principle. The resulting work system design results in the form of a work station that has considered ergonomic principles to support the performance of workers. The results of the design carried out are expected to increase comfort for workers.

Barriers in communicating medication changes at hospital discharge: Informing CancelRx design requirements

Objectives This operational study aims to investigate the barriers in communicating medication changes at hospital discharge, and to inform design requirements of the CancelRx functionality to better support the communication. Methods We conducted seven semi-structured interviews with inpatient prescribers at an urban academic medical center. The interview protocol was framed from a human factors perspective, specifically the work system design approach. We took notes of the interviews and identified the initial themes of system barriers that may impact patient safety. Results Medication changes need to be communicated to multiple stakeholders. We identified two initial themes of the system barriers: the lack of an information flow that connects all the involved stakeholders, and the difficulties to communicate key pieces of information. We identified three key pieces of information that are difficult to communicate: the discontinuation reasons, the notification urgency, and the duration of changes. Conclusions While the CancelRx functionality can facilitate the communication (e.g. prescribers no longer need to call pharmacists when a medication is discontinued), enhancements are needed to address the system barriers. We proposed enhanced design requirements of the CancelRx functionality, e.g., to allow users to specify a reason for a medication discontinuation and transmit the reasons to other stakeholders, to indicate the urgency of notification, to specify the duration of a change, and to receive system status feedback .

High-Frequency Data Link System Architecture Design based on SysML Modeling Language

This article is to show a new type of aircraft system design method, which decomposes the civil aircraft high-frequency data link system architecture into functional architecture, logical architecture and physical architecture, and describes the hierarchical relationship between the function, logic and physics of the system through the SysML model language.This article shows the method what converts the traditional high-frequency data link system design work based on experience and documents into model-based architecture design work.It uses the association and traceability of the model to ensure the integrity of the information in the design process and achieve the purpose of fast and convenient system design.

Desain RPS Mata Kuliah Perancangan Sistem Kerja& Ergonomi Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Dasar CHAMPION

This study aims to obtain concrete examplesdesign of Semester Learning Plans (RPS) Work System Design & Ergonomics (PSKE) courses based on CHAMPION core values include; Charity, Humanity, Altruism, Managing-capacity, Persistence, Integrity, Open-minded, and Noveltyfrom Industrial Engineering Study Program, Musi Charitas Catholic University with the KKNI program. The basis of harmonization and internalization of the core values of CHAMPION in RPS will give a distinctive characteristic to other universities. Harmonization of RPS is very possible to produce a working system design of the teaching and learning process that is reviewed systemically, holistically, interdisciplinary and participatory so that it has an impact on effective, comfortable, safety, healthy and efficient (ENASE) so that productivity can be optimized. Based on the results of the RPS design study PSKE course, learning outcomes include; the impact attitudes and values of 29.58%, general skills of 14.79%, special skills of 33.80%, and mastery of knowledge of 21.83%. Three interesting learning methods are obtained, namely; student-centered learning is 39.47%, interaction/group discussion is 32.89%, and project-based is 27.63%. Interesting learning experiences, namely; assignments by 29%, compilation of papers by 27%, practice by 20%, surveys or visits by 16%, and comparative studies of 8%. Selected assessment criteria/rubrics, namely; assignment test as learning, project, portfolio of 35.9%, written test of 30.9%, performance test of 16.9%, observation test of 7%, and participation test of 2.8%.

Edukasi Pendekatan Ergonomi Total Dalam Praktik Kearifan Lokal Keilmuan Teknik Industri

ndustrial Engineering Sciencesischaracterized by the ability to design. Abilityof work system design with object ofmanufacturing and servicesindustrial. The work system design that still involves humans in operational work activities, absolutely requires ergonomic education model. Ergonomics is a multidisciplinary applied science that is described as science, technology and art to identify the design of tools and systems as well as the working environment of human ability, capability and limitations for the creation of healthy, safe, comfortable, and efficient working conditions and environments including the highest possible work productivity. The situation and condition of industry in the region is still dominated by the SME’ssector with minimalhightechnology and standardization. Therefore, it is necessary to design educational model of total ergonomic approach in the relevant Industrial Engineering Scientific Curriculum based on local wisdom in the region to support productivity improvement and progress of SME’ssector. This paper initiated the model and competence of educating the total ergonomic approach through the SHIP study (systemic, holistic, interdisciplinary, and participatory) and the application of Appropriate Technology based on local wisdom that is practical, simple, grounded and participatorytouches the human aspect in its proven work activities can help design work system, improve life quality worker and productivity of SME’s.

How clinician-patient communication affects trust in health information sources: Temporal trends from a national cross-sectional survey.

BackgroundUnderstanding patients’ trust in health information sources is critical to designing work systems in healthcare. Patient-centered communication during the visit might be a major factor in shaping patients’ trust in information sources.ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to explore relationships between patient ratings of clinician communication during the visit and patient trust in health information sources.MethodologyWe conducted a secondary analysis of the nationally-representative Health Information National Trends Surveys; HINTS4 Cycle1 (2011), HINTS4 Cycle4 (2014), and HINTS5 Cycle1 (2017), and HINTS5 Cycle2 (2018). We created a composite score of patient-centered communication from five questions and dichotomized at the median. We created multivariable logistic regression models to see how patient-centered communication influenced trust in different information sources across cycles. Consecutively, we used hierarchical analysis for aggregated data.ResultsWe analyzed data from 14,425 individuals. In the adjusted logistic models for each cycle and the hierarchical model, clinicians’ perceived patient-centered communication skills were significantly associated with increased trust in the clinicians as an information source.ConclusionClinicians still represent an essential source of trustworthy information reinforced by patient-centered communication skills. Given that trust helps build healing relationships that lead to better healthcare outcomes, communication sets an essential foundation to establish necessary trust. Interpreting information from the internet sources for patients is likely to remain a vital clinician function.

Redesign Work Method Using Kaizen Engineering

The technique of work procedures is studying techniques and principles to get the best work system design. One of the approaches in Redesign Work is Kaizen Engineering. The main advantage of Kaizen Engineering is increasing productivity, efficiency, and performance through the process of eliminating waste through small and continuous process improvements. One of the redesigns works processes that can be done is in the field of drinking water packaging. This research will be conducted at XYZ Ltd. as a mineral bottled water (in Indonesia known as Bottled Drinking Water / AMDK) company which was established in 1987. According to the observation, it is found that the number of demands is greater than the number of productions. The study's objective is to find out the proposed work method of XYZ Ltd. using kaizen engineering. The purpose is to make the packaging processing time shorter so that the number of produced products increased. Improvement was made by eliminating effective movements, bringing the layer table position closer, and creating a raft table design proposal to make the operators easier in doing their job. The time standard measurement result using the current work method is 70.98 seconds per person per cardboard. The measurement of the proposed work method improvement in the packaging processing decreased standard time to 55.54 seconds. It is 15.44 seconds or 21.75% lesser. This study showed that the proposed standard time could increase the output, reaching18 boxes per person per hour.

Prototype Plate Bending Tool 1 mm Size in the Process of Making a Fence with an Anthropometric Approach in the Pasuruan Regency Welding Workshop

In the process of bending the plate making fence workers have difficulty because the process of bending the plate is still done in a conventional way as well as the absence of bending tools that correspond to the posture of the welding workshop bending in Pasuruan district area. The condition of the workers that occurred in welding workshop bending in Pasuruan district at the time of bending the plate is considered not ergonomic, because with the position of the dimensions of the body is not suitable. Among them the head bends, the back bends, the legs bend, the hands bend and the production results are less maximal. In the design of this bending tool uses an anthropometric approach in determining the design of ergonomic bending tools and providing worker comfort, samples used from 20 workers. Based on research conducted in welding workshop in Pasuruan Regency area, researchers proposed the idea of an ergonomic bending tool designed based on an anthropometric approach. With this bending tool, it is expected to be a solution to get comfort and security while working so as not to interfere with the work process. The presence of this product is expected to encourage innovation in the field of designing work systems and ergonomics.

Development of Automatic Oil Refueling System Model based on Internet of Things

The current application of technology has played a large role in human activities, especially in industry. One of the technologies applied is an automatic filling and packaging system for cooking oil using a filling machine. The application of cooking oil packaging technology using modern machines is usually carried out in the large-scale cooking oil industry. However, the packaging for bulk cooking oil which is common in traditional markets that are classified as a small scale still uses the conventional method of measuring and packaging it. To improve the quality of bulk cooking oil sales and answer this problem, we need a tool that can fill the oil with an adjustable number of measures as needed and has high accuracy and can be run automatically. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, this type of qualitative descriptive research displays the results of the data as they are without any manipulation or other treatment processes. The overall results of the work system design of this tool discuss the results of the automatic oil filling system and the sending of oil expenditure data to the Antares ID webserver. The resulting delay value is still below the normal limit, which is around 1-2 seconds. The deviation that occurs is in the ratio 0.11 and the percent error is in the range of 0.2%.

3D Based Visualization Tool to Analyze the Influential Topics via Hashtags on Instagram Platform

This paper intends to develop an interactive, comprehensive information visualization platform of Instagram hashtag analysis. Instagram hashtags has developed themselves into all different kinds of group or communities for users to share hobbies and find similar friends. In order to analyze topic influence and user interest trend from Instagram, which contains billions of end-users and has worldwide influence, hashtag analysis is necessary to gather such information and compare the proportion of people involving in each tags and rank them to visualize. The visualization is developed in 3D space and consists of time-varying data flow of tags, together with tag comparison analysis, as well as event researches. In the rest of the paper, we mainly discuss the design idea and the development process of the system. An example of the system design work will be shown in the discussion, which involves 4 popular hashtags discussed on Instagram and are shown on the system, displayed as an 3D histogram, together with another comparison histogram to compare different tags, as well as an event view in the back.

Perancangan perbaikan equipment kalibrasi pressure gauge dengan metode analisis perancangan kerja di PT. Surya Toto Indonesia Tbk

In the calibration process of pressure gauge is very much needed accuracy, which can time consuming, especially in the inspection process and will affect the correction value of each inspection process. The work design application method is very useful for learning the principles and mechanisms for obtaining a better work system design or method. With using work design analysis then the work process is mapped into work maps. The aim of the research is to minimize working time by using work design application methods to determine the standard time and improvements that must be made by company. The results showed that the standard time for the pressure gauge calibration process before improvement was 3248.44 seconds. By using work design analysis, the time of the pressure gauge calibration process becomes more efficient with a standard time of 2291.86 seconds with an efficiency value of 91.72%.Keywords: Design, pressure gauge calibration equipment, work design method.

Human-centered design of work systems in the transition to industry 4.0

The introduction of Industry 4.0-enabling digital technologies in industrial work systems are creating various sociotechnical challenges affecting overall system performance and human well-being. In this paper, we propose a framework for (re)designing industrial work systems in the transition towards Industry 4.0. The framework combines human factors and ergonomics, work system modeling, and strategy design. It accommodates implementation challenges we have identified through ten retrospective case studies. In addition, we present the systematic approach applied to developing and testing the framework. Lastly, the framework was tested in a collaborative workshop in an industrial company, and the results indicated its applicability.

Work System and Process Designs for Community Pharmacy-Medical Clinic Partnerships to Improve Retention in Care, Antiretroviral Adherence, and Viral Suppression in Persons with HIV.

The objective of this project was to collect and analyze information about work systems and processes that community pharmacy-medical clinic partnerships used for implementing the Patient-Centered HIV Care Model (PCHCM). Paired collaborations of 10 Walgreens community pharmacies and 10 medical clinics were formed in 10 cities located throughout the United States that had relatively high HIV prevalence rates and existing Walgreens HIV Centers of Excellence. Patient service provision data and most significant change stories were collected from key informants at each of the clinic and pharmacy sites over an 8 week period in 2016 and through in-depth phone interviews. Written notes were reviewed by two authors (J.C.S. and O.W.G.) and analyzed using the most significant change technique. The findings showed that half of the partnerships (n = 5) were unable to fully engage in service implementation due to external factors or severe staff turnover during the project period. The other half of the partnerships (n = 5) were able to engage in service implementation, with the most impactful changes being related to strong patient care systems, having a point person at the clinic who served as a connector between sites, and having pharmacists integrated fully into the health care team.