Design Of Water Treatment Plants Research Articles

Determining the Suitable Location of Constructed Wetland for the Polluted River Water Treatment Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information System Analysis

The Tukad Badung River is a vital raw water source in Denpasar City and Badung Regency. Concerning the water pollution of the river, water treatment is necessary to manage the water quality. Constructed wetlands are a water treatment technology used for water purification. In this regard, information is essential regarding the appropriate location for the placement of the constructed wetland based on criteria related to the water treatment plant. The research was conducted to determine the suitability level of water treatment locations in the watershed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process method in integration with a Geographic Information System. The Geographic Information System analysis included overlaying steps of the processed and classified data from each criterion: land use, slope, and water pollution index. The Analytic Hierarchy Process method was carried out to obtain the weight of each criterion down to the sub-criteria, which were compiled through interviews with three informants from academic, government, and community representatives. Weight calculations were performed using Expert Choice 11 software to obtain weight values with a consistency ratio of < 0.1. Geographic Information System analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process method produces three suitable land types according to the level of suitability for water treatment locations, with constructed wetlands located in the upstream, middle, and downstream parts of the river. Information regarding suitable land is useful for planning the technical design of water treatment plants with constructed wetlands.

Hydraulic Design Concept of 6.60MLD Water Treatment Plant

Abstract: The design and construction of a 6.6 million liters per day (MLD) water treatment plant (WTP) in Belpada Village, Odisha, aim to meet the increasing water demand while ensuring public health through effective water treatment processes. The plant, which sources raw water from the Tel River, follows a well-structured treatment process that includes aeration, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. This journal outlines the hydraulic design, treatment schemes, and structural components of the WTP. Design calculations, based on CPHEEO standards, are also discussed, focusing on the hydraulic detention times, surface loading, filtration rates, and sludge management techniques.The design of water treatment plants (WTPs) plays a crucial role in delivering safe drinking water, especially in areas with high population density and industrial growth. The 6.6 MLD WTP designed for Belpada Village in Balangir District draws water from Tel River and utilizes a cascade aeration system for the removal of contaminants. This paper discusses the hydraulic and process design, focusing on flow rates, detention times, and surface loading parameters that meet the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) standards.

Projektowanie zakładu uzdatniania wody przy wsparciu modeli laboratoryjnych

The subject of the research focused on the possibilities of supporting the design of surface water treatment plants using laboratory models. Within the pilot study, the possibilities of using different water treatment processes in the treatment of water from the water reservoir Nové Mlýny in the Czech Republic were assessed. The planned treatment plant is to supply a future recreational site from a shallow reservoir with significant eutrophication and chemical industry in the drainage basin. Coagulation, sedimentation, dissolved air flotation, membrane filtration processes and adsorption on granular activated carbon were investigated. These processes were identified by the preliminary study as applicable to water treatment and it was necessary to determine which could be applied given the site conditions. Laboratory models for the individual processes were used during the laboratory testing. During the research, problems encountered were debugged and the models were modified and some extensions were added to the original models. The coagulation and sedimentation processes were investigated using conventional jar tests. The dissolved air flotation process was simulated using a modified jar test and a lab scale model. Different types and doses of coagulants, mixing parameters and residence times were investigated in the tests. Turbidity value was used as an optimization parameter due to its rapidity of determination and low cost. For some tests, potassium permanganate oxidizability (also known as the permanganate index) was also used as an evaluation parameter so that different evaluation parameters could be compared. In addition, for the dissolved air flotation process, the parameters of the produced sludge - its quantity, suspended solids content and chemical oxygen demand - were monitored. These parameters are crucial for discharge of waste water into the sewer and its costs. The adsorption tests on granular activated carbon were performed as batch tests. The evaluation parameter was the manganese index. Another possible variant of activated carbon tests is a continuous flow-through column. These columns also allow monitoring of the process of fouling and the evolution of the effluent over time. The pilot project then used the results of the laboratory tests to create a design for a treatment plant in the area of interest and selected parts of the project documentation. The pilot project demonstrated the usefulness of laboratory testing as a tool to support the design of drinking water treatment plants. At the same time, these tests allow for a faster and more certain identification of the appropriate water treatment technology and thus reduce the extent of semi-operational testing at the site, leading to a more efficient use of funds by investors.

Simulation and Modeling of Water Treatment Plant with GPS-X Software for Health and Water Quality

Background: Waterborne diseases are infectious in nature, significantly impacting global health related to water quality and disease prevalence globally. In this study, GPS-X was used to design and simulate water treatment plants to determine the effectiveness of different mechanisms in water treatment. Method: The GPS-X water treatment software was utilized to evaluate raw and treated water performance at the Al-Kadhmaya Water Treatment Plant. Three scenarios were designed to assess the impact of varying flow rates and water parameters such as pH, alkalinity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) on the plant's performance. Results: The evaluation of the operational performance of the water treatment plant revealed that the concentrations of all contaminants in the effluent water consistently met the established Iraqi and WHO standards across all scenarios. This indicated the effectiveness of the plant's treatment processes in producing safe drinking water. The findings of this study held significance for water authorities, decision-makers in Iraq, and national and international environmental agencies, providing valuable information for improving water treatment practices and ensuring compliance with water quality standards. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the effectiveness of the GPS-X water treatment software in assessing the performance of the Al-Kadhmaya Water Treatment Plant. The results highlighted the plant's ability to consistently meet water quality standards, underscoring the importance of robust water treatment processes. These findings contributed to the body of knowledge regarding water treatment plant design and operation, offering insights that can inform decision-making processes to enhance water quality and ensure public health.

PERENCANAAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK SYSTEM LUMPUR AKTIF DI GEDUNG TRANS MART

This study aims to design a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) design; reference in making WWTP in another place; and do waste water treatment so it is not harmful to the surrounding environment. The location of the research in the Jakarta Transmart building, when this research was conducted in March to June 2018. The method used in the implementation of this study planning was the preparation of reports that included analysis of waste characteristics; review of literature studies that are used to study supporting theories during conducting problem analysis and discussion so that they can be considered into the planning of wastewater treatment institu- tions that will be carried out; collection of primary data and secondary data as material for study of wastewater treatment plant planning; and design, calculation of the dimensions of the wastewater treatment plant, technical specifications. Planning criteria, among others: processing efficiency and achieving target results in accordance with desired quality standards; land area needed; and care must be easy and simple. The results showed that the estimated discharge of water requirements found in the Transmart building was around 59.97 m³ / day, obtained from the calculation of the area of the building building to meet the needs of clean water needed per square meter. Aeration tank volume and Aeration 1 dimensions: 3.35 m long, 4.450 m wide, 2.550 m depth, 0.625 m free space height, 38.01 m³ volume. Aeration 2: 3.375 m long, 4.450 m wide, 2.550 m depth, 0.625 m free space height, 38.3 m³ volume. Total aeration body area = 76,315 m. Tub sedimentation: 3.35 m long, 2.850 m wide, 2.350 m depth, 0.90 m free space height, 38.3 m³ volume. Volume: 13.7. Tub Equalization: 2.625 m long, 5.975 m wide, 2.60 m depth, free space height 0.575 m, volume 40 m³. In the design of planning the installation of wastewater treatment systems for activated sludge should be added or further processing so that the water from processing can be reused and not wasted, such as filtration so that it can be used such as for washing vehicles, watering plants etc.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT SINGKONG (Manihot Utilissima) DALAM MEMPENGARUHI KADAR FE DALAM AIR

This study aims to design a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) design; reference in making WWTP in another place; and do waste water treatment so it is not harmful to the surrounding environment. The location of the research in the Jakarta Transmart building, when this research was conducted in March to June 2018. The method used in the implementation of this study planning was the preparation of reports that included analysis of waste characteristics; review of literature studies that are used to study supporting theories during conducting problem analysis and discussion so that they can be considered into the planning of wastewater treatment institu- tions that will be carried out; collection of primary data and secondary data as material for study of wastewater treatment plant planning; and design, calculation of the dimensions of the wastewater treatment plant, technical specifications. Planning criteria, among others: processing efficiency and achieving target results in accordance with desired quality standards; land area needed; and care must be easy and simple. The results showed that the estimated discharge of water requirements found in the Transmart building was around 59.97 m³ / day, obtained from the calculation of the area of the building building to meet the needs of clean water needed per square meter. Aeration tank volume and Aeration 1 dimensions: 3.35 m long, 4.450 m wide, 2.550 m depth, 0.625 m free space height, 38.01 m³ volume. Aeration 2: 3.375 m long, 4.450 m wide, 2.550 m depth, 0.625 m free space height, 38.3 m³ volume. Total aeration body area = 76,315 m. Tub sedimentation: 3.35 m long, 2.850 m wide, 2.350 m depth, 0.90 m free space height, 38.3 m³ volume. Volume: 13.7. Tub Equalization: 2.625 m long, 5.975 m wide, 2.60 m depth, free space height 0.575 m, volume 40 m³. In the design of planning the installation of wastewater treatment systems for activated sludge should be added or further processing so that the water from processing can be reused and not wasted, such as filtration so that it can be used such as for washing vehicles, watering plants etc.

Design of Water Treatment Plant on the Basis of SCADA Using Use of Coconut Shell as Capping For Sand in Rapid Sand Filters

The design of a water treatment plant utilizing SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) technology and coconut shell as a capping material for sand in rapid sand filters is presented in this study. The primary objective of the design is to provide safe drinking water by removing suspended solids, organic matter, and other contaminants from the raw water. The treatment process involves several stages, including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and disinfection. The use of coconut shell as a capping material for sand in rapid sand filters is a novel approach that offers several benefits over traditional sand filters, including increased filtration efficiency and reduced maintenance costs. SCADA technology is utilized to automate the operation of the treatment plant, enabling real-time monitoring and control of the treatment process. The design of the treatment plant is presented in detail, including the sizing and specification of equipment, process flow diagrams, and instrumentation and control systems. The design parameters are based on local water quality standards and are optimized to ensure maximum efficiency and effectiveness of the treatment process. Overall, the proposed design provides an efficient and cost-effective solution for water treatment, utilizing innovative technologies and materials to deliver safe drinking water to the community.

Beyond digital: Protecting public health from water sector cybersecurity risks

Historically, the design of water treatment plants relied on infrastructure such as pipelines, tanks and sand filters. Today the industry uses more advanced equipment, control systems, instrumentation and communication technologies. Improved technology brings benefits, but it also introduces cybersecurity risks. Due to the potential impact on public health, the potential for cyber attack on a water treatment facility is not an insignificant issue. Are digital controls sufficient, or should additional methods be used to secure drinking water supplies? In light of the safety hierarchy of controls and the multiple barrier (Defence-in-Depth) approach, the authors contend that water authorities should be doing more to address the risk of cybersecurity events to water infrastructure. Discussion about some opportunities to further reduce cyber risks is included in this paper. However, by no means should these considerations be taken as exhaustive. Cybersecurity incidents are a continuously evolving concern for most industries. Safety and security management must evolve faster to close the current gaps and keep pace with emerging risks.

Engineering Design-Based Thematic Activities: An Investigation of Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Entrepreneurship Mindsets

The purpose of this study is to examine changes in pre-service science teachers’ entrepreneurship mindsets during engineering design-based activities. A holistic single-case study was used in the study. Twenty-eight pre-service teachers carried out engineering design-based activities (five weeks, 20 hours) in the science teaching laboratory practices course. The pre-service teachers’ use of Entrepreneurship Mindsets (EM) in solving the water pollution problem during engineering design-based activities was examined in this study. Data were collected via engineering design challenge worksheets and public service announcements. The data were analyzed with the Extended KEEN Student Outcomes (eKSOs) rubric. Frequency tables were created in line with the sub-dimensions of EM (curiosity, connections, creating value, communication, character, and collaboration). As a result of the research, it was found that the pre-service teachers mostly used curiosity, connections, and creating value during the water treatment and wastewater assessment plant design process. Engineering is an important context for the development of EM as it creates various contexts that contribute to the development of these mindsets in pre-service science teacher education.

Engineering Design-Based Thematic Activities: An Investigation of Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Entrepreneurship Mindsets

The purpose of this study is to examine changes in pre-service science teachers’ entrepreneurship mindsets during engineering design-based activities. A holistic single-case study was used in the study. Twenty-eight pre-service teachers carried out engineering design-based activities (five weeks, 20 hours) in the science teaching laboratory practices course. The pre-service teachers’ use of Entrepreneurship Mindsets (EM) in solving the water pollution problem during engineering design-based activities was examined in this study. Data were collected via engineering design challenge worksheets and public service announcements. The data were analyzed with the Extended KEEN Student Outcomes (eKSOs) rubric. Frequency tables were created in line with the sub-dimensions of EM (curiosity, connections, creating value, communication, character, and collaboration). As a result of the research, it was found that the pre-service teachers mostly used curiosity, connections, and creating value during the water treatment and wastewater assessment plant design process. Engineering is an important context for the development of EM as it creates various contexts that contribute to the development of these mindsets in pre-service science teacher education.

Design of Water Treatment Plant for Al-Bsaber City

Abstract: Water treatment is a process of changing the quality for potable drinking water & domestic uses. This water treatment plant is designed for the city of Al-Bsaber. The supply of water comes from the Nile river, which passes near the city and extends across many countries. The treated water will be supplied to the residents of Al-Bsaber and the treatment plant is designed for 36 years. The treatment units of water treatment plant (WTP) were designed with step-by-step calculations and according to the quality of the water the future population of Al-Bsaber city from 2022 to 2058 was projected as 37736 and the average discharge for the population of 36years was estimated as 4339.6 m3 /d. The detailed calculations and drawings were displayed, the results of each unit of WTP were tabulated. It is concluded that it is possible to use this work as a source for other WTP units to build. The removal performance of the WTP units was significantly affected by a variety of factors, such as the age of WTP, repair, economic and political circumstances, technical problems, and water demand. Keywords: Water treatment plant; design calculation; treatment units; water demand; water supply.

Drinking Water Treatment Plant Design for Administrative Capital in Egypt

Drinking Water Treatment Plant Design for Administrative Capital in Egypt

Comparison between Design of Water Treatment Plant Manually and by Using Software with Reference to Yavatmal City

Abstract: Water treatment is the process of removing contaminants from raw water. It includes various physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove the impurities from raw water. The existing Chapdoh Water Treatment Plant is designed for 100 lpcd rate of supply to Yavatmal city. The water demand of Yavatmal city will increase with the development of the city. The development leads to addition of industrial water demand and also there will be increase in living standards of people. Under these situations, the existing Chapdoh WTP will not be efficient. Hence, an attempt is made to design WTP by keeping the growth of Yavatmal city in near future with higher rate of supply. The aim of present research work is to design WTP for Yavatmal city for design period of 30 years manually and using selfdeveloped MS Excel program. After studying and comparing characteristics of raw water with Indian Standard Characteristics, design of various mechanical units of WTP along with chemical treatment processes like coagulation, water softening and disinfection are found to be essential. The results obtained of WTP design manually are compared with MS Excel program design. MS Excel program developed for the complete design of WTP offers the function that, on entering design population, calculations are done automatically and complete WTP is designed. Also, the program minimizes the percentage of error that occurs in manual designing and it gives precise results in lesser time. Keywords: Contaminants, Water Demand, Water Treatment Plant, Manual design, MS Excel program

Piloting During a Pandemic

Key TakeawaysFour pilot teams shared experiences with piloting during the COVID‐19 pandemic, emphasizing that thoughtful planning streamlines the piloting process while mitigating the risk of transmitting illness.Remote access to and control of pilot equipment, along with the use of virtual communication platforms, enabled teams to successfully perform pilot‐scale studies.Operating pilot systems through the pandemic allowed teams to respond to drastic changes on a small scale to mitigate risks around full‐scale processes at the treatment plant.

Design of Water Treatment Plant for the City of Mithi District Tharparkar

Design of Water Treatment Plant for the City of Mithi District Tharparkar

On the need to consider the lithological composition of overburden rocks in the design of waste water treatment plants at open pit mines

The issue of wastewater treatment in open-pit mining of mineral deposits is associated with great difficulties. Due to the constant tightening of requirements for the quality of discharged wastewater, its treatment in the sedimentation reservoirs and clarification ponds does not ensure the achievement of MPC values; in addition, these treatment facilities occupy significant areas of land. It should also be noted that the open-pit mines, as a rule, have several water outlets remote from each other, besides changing their location as the development of mining operations proceeds. For example, OJSC "UK "Kuzbassrazrezugol" has more than 30 places of water use, taking into account that the company structure includes 7 open-pit mines. In the article some results of analyses of pit waste water before and after its treatment in artificial filtering massifs at the mining enterprises of Kuzbass are presented. Preliminary dependences of changes in pollutant impurities in quarry water on different composition of coal waste have been established.

Groundwater quality change impacts on a brackish-water reverse osmosis water treatment plant design: the City of Clearwater, Florida

Groundwater quality change impacts on a brackish-water reverse osmosis water treatment plant design: the City of Clearwater, Florida

Improvement of Water Treatment Plant Process for Arsenic and Manganese Removal

ABSTRACT The City of White Rock acquired the water system from EPCOR in October 2015. The City of White Rock decided to build a water treatment plant to treat the City’s existing groundwater supplies to remove naturally occurring manganese and arsenic to ensure that an improved drinking water quality is supplied to City residents that meets the Canadian guidelines and esthetic objectives. The City’s water supply is from groundwater wells located within the City municipal boundaries drawing from the confined Sunnyside Aquifer. There are seven operating, drilled wells. The Water Treatment Plant was built at the Oxford Pumping Station area. Construction of the Design Build water treatment plant (WTP) started in March 2018. The plant started operation in March 2019. The WTP treatment design objectives are to deliver drinking water meeting the following operational targets; Mn <0.02 mg/L, As <0.002 mg/L (95% of time, 0.005 mg/L for 5% of operation). All other water quality parameters shall meet the objectives of the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ) without treatment. The initial water quality data showed a significant removal of arsenic and manganese. However, after a few weeks of operation, the WTP performance for arsenic and manganese started to decline. Regeneration of the filter media was discussed with the contractor and manufacturer and implemented. The sequential regeneration of the four adsorbers was conducted successfully over a two-week period. Following the regeneration, arsenic concentration in the treated water effluent from the four parallel adsorbers was well within the water treatment plant Design Objectives of <0.002 mg/L. The staff of the Water Department worked to optimize the operation and make the changes needed to improve the performance of the plant.

Self-passivated nanoporous phosphorene as a membrane for water desalination

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the mechanism of water transport and ions movement across nanoporous phosphorene for water desalination performance. Phosphorene nanopore areas ranged from 4 Å2 to 41 Å2. The self-passivated phosphorene nanopores showed 100% ability to reject salt ions (Na+ and Cl−) for all pore areas even at higher pressures. Water flux through narrow pores exhibits a slow increase while sharper increase and linear dependence is observed for wider pores i.e. D16 and D18. The increase in water flux is attributed to broadened cross-sectional area and dense water layering in the vicinity of pores. The desalination performance is strongly influenced by structure of nanopore such as size, shape; water-membrane interaction and applied pressure. Further, oxygen density maps reveal the hydrophilic nature of phosphorene nanopores hence, it effects the water flux. Our results also indicate that during the entire simulation, pore atoms of the membrane retained their atomic arrangement implying the stability of phosphorene as a membrane. Findings of this work establish molecular insight into phosphorene desalination performance, which helps in systematic design of water treatment plants.

Development and Application of a Multi-Objective-Optimization and Multi-Criteria-Based Decision Support Tool for Selecting Optimal Water Treatment Technologies in India

Despite considerable efforts to improve water management, India is becoming increasingly water stressed due to multiple factors, including climate change, increasing population, and urbanization. We address one of the most challenging problems in the design of water treatment plants: how to select a suitable technology for a specific scenario or context. The process of decision making first requires the identification of feasible treatment configurations based on various objectives and criteria. In addition, the multiplicity of water quality parameters and design variables adds further complexity to the process. In this study, we propose a novel Decision Support Tool (DST), designed to address and support the above challenges. In this user-friendly tool, both Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) methods are employed. The integration of MCDA with MOO facilitates the generation of feasible drinking water treatment solutions, identifies optimal options, and ultimately, improves the process of decision making. This implemented approach has been tested for different contexts, including for different types of raw water sources and system implementation scales. The results show that this tool can enhance the process of decision making, supporting the user (e.g., stakeholders and decision makers) to implement the most suitable water treatment systems, keeping in view the trade-offs.