Design Of Water Supply Systems Research Articles

Selection of well screen parameters as aspect of water well design

This paper addresses an essential problem within the scope of the issues of optimum design, construction and operation of water supply systems and their elements. The water well is the core element of the groundwater intake structure. The quality of water well design and construction workmanship are pivotal for successful operation of the intake structure in general. Poor well design and errors in well construction result in malfunctioning of the whole water supply system. Selecting an appropriate water well screen to conform to specific geological conditions and to ensure the longevity of the well structure itself is a complicated engineering problem. The estimation of well screen parameters covers such dimensions as length, diameter, open area ratio and aperture (slot) size. Those characteristics must be determined taking into account that the entrance velocities must not exceed the entrance velocity limit for a particular screen, i.e. Vent ≤ Vlim.

Review of sustainable solar powered water supply system design approach by Water Mission Malawi

Abstract Water Mission's extensive experience in designing, constructing and supporting solar-powered pumping solutions demonstrates the technological viability and cost effectiveness for delivering safe water to people, particularly in rural areas. Water Mission follows a unique design approach that uses conventional but relatively unique engineering specifications in terms of hydraulics, power requirement, water treatment and distribution, having tested them in different geographical environments. Water Mission incorporates a community-managed sustainability model into the design to ensure a longer life span for the project by promoting a well-defined maintenance and sustainability plan. This approach was applied to ten projects in 2015 in Kasungu, Lilongwe and Blantyre districts where installation, monitoring and evaluation were done and subjected to Water Mission's standards for qualification to hand them over to the beneficiary communities at the end of one year post installation. The paper is a review and discussion of the steps that Water Mission follows in its design process to come up with a sustainable project with solar energy. The paper also illustrates the non-compromise stand by Water Mission when it comes to the hand-over criteria for its projects by following and respecting the results of the prescribed evaluation test. It highlights detailed advantages and disadvantages of the design approach and presents recommendations. It is concluded that the approach can be replicated elsewhere in Malawi as a solution to water supply.

Design and Analysis of Rural Water Supply System Using Loop 4.0 and Water Gems V8i for Nava Shihora Zone 1

The study presents the hydraulic design and analysis of Rural Water Distribution System (WDS) for Nava shihora region of zone 1 of the state of Gujarat, India. Water supply distribution system is designed for this study for population estimated for future 30 years. LOOP 4.0 and Water Gems v8i software have been used and the results are compared to determine the economical size of pipes for water distribution system. The economical size of pipes of water supply distribution system is designed by considering the constraints; residual pressure at each node, velocity of flow in pipe, head loos in pipes, material of pipes, elevated service reservoir level, peak factor and available commercial pipe diameters. Further water distribution system has been analyzed for extended period simulation (EPS) for the present population scenario for intermittent water supply using Water Gems v8i. Further water supply system is analyzed the residual chlorine concentration at nodes and in the pipe links and also the total cost of water supply system of rural region is estimated.

Automation Design of Water Supply System for Residential Area

Variable-frequency constant-pressure water supply system is gradually developed based on variable frequency speed regulation technology. In this paper, it is carried out of stepless speed regulation, constant pressure control and the soft starting of the water supply system by the combination of frequency converter and PLC. This control system is recommendable for its high stability, reliability and automation.

Design of Micro Water Supply System Using Solar Energy

Design of Micro Water Supply System Using Solar Energy

Design of Micro Water Supply System Using Solar Energy

Design of Micro Water Supply System Using Solar Energy

Formation of location for design of water supply and water disposal system of furniture building engineers by using ICT tools

Formation of location for design of water supply and water disposal system of furniture building engineers by using ICT tools

A method to evaluate fire water supply partitions in super high - rise buildings

Buildings are getting higher with the development of economic, which brings big challenges to fire water supply systems in super high-rise buildings. Establishing a method to evaluate fire water supply partitions is helpful to solve new problems in the design of fire water supply systems and provides qualitative and quantitative results and suggestions. According to different dividing forms for fire water supply partitions, this paper established a systematic evaluation method in super high-rise buildings to evaluate fire water supply partitions based on reliability analysis. The evaluation includes direct evaluation and comprehensive evaluation. The direct evaluation compares designs with significant unsafe factors to mandatory provisions in current national standards and codes. The comprehensive evaluation can be carried out with different indexes for multi-factor evaluation, and the reliability of components in the system can be calculated as well.

Evaluation of Design Flow Rate of Water Supply Systems with Low Flow Showering Appliances

The installation of water efficient appliances is an efficient demand-side water management measure favored by policymakers and water providers nowadays. The adoption of low flow showerheads in large and complex plumbing systems will not only contribute to a great reduction of shower water use in the whole water system, but also further influence the water supply system design. Hence, it is necessary to justify the redesign of existing water supply systems (such as the pipe size, storage tank volume, pumping arrangement etc.) in terms of the use of low flow showerheads. This study uses Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the design flow rate for a typical high-rise roof tank water supply system in Hong Kong with the installation of low flow showerheads. The simulation results indicate that a full installation of low flow showerheads can decrease the design flow rate by 15%, corresponding to an energy efficiency improvement of 1.5%. The potential for water savings and associated energy savings can be significantly higher when all installed appliances in homes are water efficient (e.g., showerheads, water taps, washing machines). Further work is required to evaluate the redesign of existing water supply systems for a sustainable future.

Peningkatan Kemandirian Desa Melalui Pembangunan Instalasi Perpipaan Air Bersih dari Sumber Mata Air ke Rumah Penduduk

Community empowerment program to make a village independent is very important. Village independence could be seen from various aspects, and one of which is the aspect of independence in the provision of clean water. Clean water supply activities in Balong Hamlet, Donoharjo Village, Ngaglik Sub- District, Sleman Regency are community empowerment activities in order to make Balong Hamlet independent on the aspect of the ability to provide clean water. This activity began with a survey and data collection of local residents’ water needs, followed by calculation of clean water requirements, design of clean water supply and distribution systems, implementation of piping installation, commissioning tests, economic analysis, and its contribution in making the village independent of clean water. This activity produces a piping system for clean water from the spring to the houses of Balong hamlets with a population of approximately 203 households. On average, each household needs 600 liters/day so it requires 121.8 m3 /day or 3654 m3 /month. The price of standard clean water for the Drinking Water Company (PAM) is Rp1,960.00/m3 , so the hamlet has saved Rp7,161,840.00/month or Rp85,942,080.00/year. Thus, this activity has made Balong Hamlet contribute significantly to the independence of Donoharjo Village.

Water losses in internal water supply services of residential buildings

Internal water supply is intended to provide a consumer with potable quality water for various needs. Leakages appearing in the course of internal water supply operation have a negative effect on the operation of a whole system. All mains reasons of water losses in internal water supply services have been studied. It was found that losses can be caused by a human factor and caused by technical errors in a system, for example, network faults. Based on the study of scientific works on water losses of internal water supply systems, as well as on analysis of various water loss options there is a new well grounded method presented aimed to achieve sustainable water saving directly in a building in the process of water consumptions. There were conclusions drawn saying that: design of an internal water supply system of a residential building should follow the scheme of reducing water consumption on the lower floors of buildings by zoning the entire system; it is advisable to use a system with water tanks; to achieve indirect saving of electric energy, it is necessary to use pumping units with an adjustable drive.

Selection of filter parameters of Individual water supply systems

The paper is devoted to the problem of optimal design, construction and operation of water supply systems and their elements. The key element of the system is a water well. The quality of its design and construction determines the operation of the water intake as a whole. Disadvantages in the construction of a well lead to disruption of the entire water supply system of a particular object. The paper proposed a methodology for selecting the optimal diameter and length of the well filter of a water well. Based on the methodology, an example of filter parameters selection for hydrogeological conditions of the city of Kursk is given. The above calculation showed that the use of the entrance velocity criterion in the design of wells can significantly reduce the cost of well construction while ensuring the design flow rate and allowable lowering of the water level. The cost of the filter, depending on the well design, is 20-30% of the total price for its construction. The most important filter parameters affecting the cost of a well are its length and diameter. Justifying the minimum diameter of the filter that ensures the designed water intake and allowable dewatering can significantly reduce the cost of the well, taking into account the fact that modern pumping equipment allows the use of columns of small diameter above the filter.

Algorithmic Design and Resilience Assessment of Energy Efficient High-Rise Water Supply Systems

High-rise water supply systems provide water flow and suitable pressure in all levels of tall buildings. To design such state-of-the-art systems, the consideration of energy efficiency and the anticipation of component failures are mandatory. In this paper, we use Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming to compute an optimal placement of pipes and pumps, as well as an optimal control strategy.Moreover, we consider the resilience of the system to pump failures. A resilient system is able to fulfill a predefined minimum functionality even though components fail or are restricted in their normal usage. We present models to measure and optimize the resilience. To demonstrate our approach, we design and analyze an optimal resilient decentralized water supply system inspired by a real-life hotel building.

Conceptual design of water supply systems based on low-power nuclear desalination complex

The concept of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient water supply systems development on the basis of a desalination complex is considered to solve the problem of water deficiency, reduce the ecological load on the environment and provide fresh water to regions in which a lack of fresh water is found out. In the paper, a brand-new hybrid scheme of the water supply system is proposed, with the production of water containing reduced deuterium, based on desalination technology and recirculated water supply (recycling) with the help of membrane and distillation methods, as well as improved pretreatment and water purification technology.

Hygienic Water Audit Scheme as a Tool in the Fight against Legionella - problems and goals of the research project

Water and air they mean life, but their quality represents our health. The main aim of the article is to introduce our research project “Hygienic Water audit scheme as a tool in the fight against Legionella” in terms of specific requirements from companies to minimize the energy efficiency for elimination of microbiological contamination of water supply and air conditioning systems (replace thermal disinfection by another effective method). The issue of water contamination, resp. air of Legionella pneumophila, its appearance and impact on the design and operation of water supply and air conditioning systems is relatively young. Little known problem in Slovakia has in the context of the European Union a serious position as it causes high mortality. The aim of the interdisciplinary research is to analyze the current state of hospital buildings, of the individual factors on a working materials and working environment in terms of their potential for microbiological contamination.

SELECTION OF PARAMETERS OF THE FILTER AT DESIGN OF WATER WELLS

The article is devoted to present the problem of optimal design, construction and operation of water supply systems and their elements. A key element of the downhole water intake is water intake well. The quality of its design and construction determines the operation of the water intake as a whole. Disadvantages in the design of the well lead to disruption of the entire water supply system of a particular facility. The choice of a filter suitable for specific geological conditions of the well and ensuring a long operating time is a very complex technical task. When calculating the filters, it is necessary to determine their length, diameter, duty cycle and the size of the through holes. These filter parameters are determined so that the input speed does not exceed the permissible speed for the filter, i.e. V ф ≤ V доп. . The article suggests a method for selecting the optimal diameter and length of a downhole filter of a water intake well. Based on the methodology, an example is given of the selection of filter parameters for hydro-geological conditions in the city of Kursk. The calculation showed that application of the input speed criterion for well design allows to significantly reduce the cost of wells while ensuring the design production rate and permissible level reduction.

Decision Support for the Design and Operation of Variable Speed Pumps in Water Supply Systems

The design and operation of water supply systems is a multicriteria task; the energy efficiency should be minimized while, at the same time, respecting technical requirements, such as the balanced operation of available pumps. On one hand, the overall system can be improved by the use of variable speed pumps. They increase the number of operating options. On the other hand, they add more complexity to the operation problem. In this paper, we discuss the difficulties associated with speed control and propose a decision support system to overcome them.

Optimization to water supply system design and operation scheme in high rise buildings

Greenhouse Gas emission from high-rise buildings has been increasing mainly due to excessive energy consumption of the HVAC system, structural system and electrical system. Electricity consumption for pump system accounts for 15% of total electricity usage in building. Therefore the reduction of electricity in operation is crucial to the overall reduction of GHGs in urban areas. In this study, a lab-scale experiment was conducted to test the electricity consumption in applying different design approaches; the energy efficiency of the system was calculated. Finally, this study proposes the advanced water supply design scheme to reduce electricity consumption of the pump system.
 Article history: Received 12 March 2018, Revised 03 April 2018, Accepted 27 April 2018

Design of water supply system from rivers using artificial intelligence to model water hammer

Water hammer phenomena is one of the most destructive parameters for designing the water supply systems. This study aims to design sewage transfer system resistant to water hammers through the application of artificial intelligence. The intake location was selected with respect to sediment condition and permissible maximum discharge. After that the water pumping system had been designed and the water hammer phenomenon (WHP) was estimated using the Hytran model. Results showed that the combination of rough UPVC pipes and water hammering controlling facilitation can be chosen as the most proper system for designing the desired system. Also, the Hytran model results showed that the maximum pressure was occurred in 96.59 meters distance. On the other hand, using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a hybrid model, ANFIS optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO), WHP was estimated in the pipes. The results showed that the ANFIS had better performance in estimation of WHP in the UPVC pipes while the ANFIS-PSO was found to be more suitable in metal pipes.

Perencanaan Sistem Plambing Air Bersih Gedung Rusunawa Mahasiswa Universitas Andalas

Design of water supply and fire protection system in a low income five storey apartment of Andalas University has been conducted based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) regulation No.03-7065-2005, that the building which has more than 500 inhabitants or more than 1.500 visitors, should prepare plumbing system design. The University of Andalas Student Rental Building is a residential building of five floors. In this water supply plan the water source is supplied from the Unand’s water treatment plant. The water supply system uses a roof tank system with a combination of gravity flow and booster pump. The water supply tank consists of the bottom tank and the upper tank with capacities of 74 m3 dan 4,5 m3, respectively. The booster pump meets the critical pressure on the 3rd floor up to the 5th floor with 5,44 m head. Class II fire prevention systems use hydrant and sprinkler systems with automatic wet-type upright pipes. The distribution pipes use PVC pipes (1/2 - 1 1/4) inches, while the hydrants and sprinkler pipes use Black Steel (1-4) inch pipe.